Republic of China: upfumi, vakawanda, nhoroondo

Vanhu vazhinji havazivi kunyange kuti nyika yava kupfuura mumwe Republic of China, uye vaviri, mumwe chete wavo ane chivakashure "zvavo". Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose. Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri pfupi nguva paiva nomumwe Republic of China, asi nguva ino "Soviet". Edza kufunga pakati pavo ndiani.

China

Iri simba mamiriro munyika iri kuzivikanwa pasi Kunyatsoziva zita "China". It yakaumbwa 01.10.1949 The guta guru munyika ino iri Beijing. China (prc they) ndiro mugovanisi mamiriro. To musi zvinonzi sachigaro nokuda Xi Jinping. Akatonga nyika yacho Communist Party of China. nyika uyu zvachose nhengo dzeUN Security Council. Uye zuva roga roga kwayo uremu munyika zvematongerwo enyika uye zvoupfumi iri kukura nokukurumidza.

The Hurumende vanhu Republic of China hwagara nehanya kudzivirira kugona munyika. Muna nhasi, China ndiyo muridzi guru hondo munyika. Panguva iyoyo asiwo ine guru zvombo zvombo zvenyukireya. The Kudeuka maguta China vari Beijing, Shangai, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin. Pasinei chokwadi kuti akawandisa vanhu vanogara munyika ino vanotaura tumitauro siyana, mutauro unonyanya vane mumwe - the Chinese.

Geographical nzvimbo uye Vhuṱanzi pamusoro China

Peoples Republic of China riri kumabvazuva Asia. Coordonatele vari 32 ° 48'00 "rwokumusoro Latitude uye 103 ° 05'00" mabvazuva Longitude. mamiriro ichi anopindura nzvimbo yechitatu munyika munharaunda yacho. It ndokwenguva nzvimbo kusvika mamiriyoni 9.6 mativi mamita. ? km. Asi maererano vemo pamwe China, hapana anogona kwikwidza. An zvinofungidzirwa 2013 vagari 1.366.500.000 vanhu munyika iyi.

China okumavirira makungwa ose Pacific Ocean (East China, Yellow, South China). Vavakidzani vake vari Russia, North Korea, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos. Coast of China rinotanga kubva kumuganhu pamwe North Korea uye kunosvika kuna Vietnam. It ane kureba 14,5 zviuru. Km. nguva dzose dziri China anoenderana +8 Distância à. Telephone nyika yekubvuma +86.

Chinese Economy

Peoples Republic of China mumwe vatungamiri upfumi hwenyika. Saka, pakupera 2013 ayo GDP aiva 7.318.000.000.000.000 US madhora, inobva Vagari nyika 6569 madhora. Gross chigadzirwa pa vanotenga simba parity (PPP) vakasvika 12 383 tiririyoni US madhora. In pa capita nemashoko, izvozvo yaiva $ 9828. Muna December 2014 upfumi China chave kutanga munyika iri chinoratidza ichi.

Muna Peoples Republic of China National mari ndiyo Renminbi (CNY). It unoenderana digital remitemo kunyika mavambo 156. Upfumi vanhu Republic dzakasiyana-siyana. Panguva iyoyowo China ane vakaziva nyika mutungamiriri pagadzirwe marudzi akawanda maindasitiri zvigadzirwa, dzakadai mota uye midziyo yemagetsi. It kunze kwenyika kune dzinenge dzose guru yakawanda nevatengi nhumbi, saka unowanzonzi "fekitari kwenyika". China - kupfuura anaro vemamwe chinjanai reserves.

China vokuparidzira

Human Development Index (HDI) muna 2014 China rakava 91 fung pakati penyika. Aiva 0,719, inova mugumisiro wakanaka kwazvo. Demonym (zita Vagari imwe nzvimbo) unorira "Chinese", "Chinese", "Chinese".

In China pane dzinosvika dzakasiyana marudzi (56 pamutemo). Ivo zvisingapindirani zvavo tsika, tsika, zvokupfeka, chili. Vazhinji vavo vane mutauro wavo. Vose ava diki vanhu zvachose nhoroondo 7 chete% chavagari wehurumende ichi. Unorema vaigara China - the Chinese, vanozviti ari "Han".

Pasinei chokwadi kuti kubvira 1979 nyika kuva zvakaoma yokuronga, negore dzinongoitika kuwedzera yevanhu kuramba kukura zvishoma nezvishoma. Hunotarisirwa vokuChina vanhu upenyu 71 pagore. Mumakore achangopfuura, nhamba mumadhorobha nemaruwa vagari vanenge vakaenzana, zvichiratidza kuti nyika mwero urbanization mukuru. Vagari vanhu Republic anoti zvinotevera zvitendero - chiBuddha, chiTao, chiConfucia.

General History of prc they

China - mumwe mukuru rinoti munyika. Mamwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti nebudiriro kuti State ane anenge 5000 apfuura. Available mabhuku akanyorwa zvinoratidza kuti mune China kare makore 3.5 zviuru akapfuura maiva administrative masangano pamwe dzakabudirira kudzora maitiro. Rakatumbuka nomumwe imba nevatongi kushanda nani zvayo. Upfumi munyika ino kwagara kwakavakirwa kukura zvokurima.

A guru muchinangwa nokusimbaradza iri chinese civilization reDare pakatanga chiConfucian sezvo hurumende dzematongerwe uye yakabatana kunyora hurongwa. Zvino II-I remakore BC. Kwemazana emakore ushe siyana uye enyika, vakanga vari munharaunda, asi zvabatanidzwa ipapo akawira vega. Panguva iyoyowo vanhu vemo akatambura kuramba yokurwiswa muArabhu. Kuvadzivirira rakavakwa Great Wall of China. Kwezviuru zvemakore ichi Budiriro simba dzakabudirira, vakarwa, wakafananidzwa dzakapoteredza Asian. Modern China mugumisiro emakore-kare enyika uye tsika nemagariro kwendangariro.

Kwezviuru zvemakore mamiriro ichi raitongwa madzimambo Dynasties siyana. Republic of China, rinonzi Zhonghua mingo, kubvira 1911 kusvika 1949

12/02/1912, mambo wokupedzisira, Pu Yi, akasaina abdication pechigaro choushe. In mamiriro uku Republican chehurumende wakatangwa muna mutemo, asi chaizvoizvo munguva kubvira 1911 kusvika 1949 vakaramba panguva "Nguva Troubles." Panguva iyoyowo, China vakaputsa akakwidzwa akasiyana ehurumende masangano yomuka pasi amachinda mauto dzakabatana. Chete muna 1949, asi Chinese Communist Party Uto (CPC) akava Kumukundi mune hondo mberi mundima yayo. Izvi zvakabatsira zvikuru vatsigire Soviet Union. CCP akahwina weConservative Party pamusoro Republic of China, yainzi Kuomintang. Vatongi yokupedzisira vakatizira Taiwan. Ikoko, vakava vakatanga ane mamiriro akaita Republic of China.

kuziviswa zvokuvhoterwa

Muna September 1949, nharaunda China ano akabatana Chinese vanhu vanobva Council. Ndiye akazivisa vanhu Republic dzidzo. Panguva ino akanga akasarudza Central People Hurumende Council (CPPCC), iyo akava sachigaro Mao Tszedun. Muna 1954, In China, iri Constitution rakazoshandiswa, rename TSNPS muna Standing Committee of National People wacho Congress.

Munguva kubva 1949 kusvika 1956, Soviet Union rakashandurwa zvose rubatsiro kuHurumende pakasikwa dzinokosha maindasitiri. nationalization uye collectivization akanga akatakurwa pamusoro munharaunda zvokuvhoterwa. Hwakakura kumhanya akatanga kuva mugovanisi kuvakwa. Muna 1956, mumwe mutsva nzira kukura rave richiziviswa munyika, kuburikidza iyo yakava zimukadzimu muupenyu pfungwa Mao Zedong pamusoro "communisation" Mutemo uye "achikwakuka guru mberi". Kubva 1966 kusvika 1976, China akaziviswa kuti "chimurenga hwetsika", izvo zvakazoita nokusimbaradza neboka hondo. Vachifora pamusoro "chaiyo" nzira kukura, mamiriro uye nzanga akaramba noukama chinokosha-mari, vakarambidza asiri ehurumende siyana muridzi, muchando yokumwe mamiriro ezveupfumi uye kubata nemiedzo paruzhinji.

Kutanga "chishamiso zvoupfumi"

Kusvika simba Den Syaopin vakapomera mitemo pamusoro nowakautangira ake, uye muna 1977 chirongwa chitsva, rinonzi "Beijing Spring". Muna 1978, panguva plenum of CPC mwero rakaparidzirwa munhu mugovanisi musika upfumi. Aiva chaizvo zvinhu. Iye aifanira nokubatanidza kuronga uye kuparadzirwa uye musika ezvinhu ane chinokosha Kukwezva dzimwe upfumi. Chinese emakambani vakawana mamwe kuzvionera avo ezvoupfumi mabasa. Zvakange yekudyidzana wakaderedzwa pachena nemauto upfumi yakashama akasununguka zveupfumi zvikamu. nzeve Great iri rwakabhadharwa kuna nokukurira urombo kwevanhu, uyewo zvesayenzi uye michina mberi.

By pakuguma 80s remakore rechimakumi maviri vanhu vanhu Republic yave zvizere zvokudya. gore rimwe nerimwe, GDP uye mumaindasitiri kugadzirwa kunge ichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Den Syaopina zvokuchinja vakabudirira kushandisa uye kutevera vagamuchiri yaro:

• 1993 - Tszyan Tszemin;
• 2002 - Hu Tszintao;
• kubva 2012 - Xi Jinping.

China State maitiro

Ever akanyorwa munyika chakaitwa 4 reMitemo (1954, 1975, 1978, 1982 gg.). Maererano wokupedzisira pakati pavo, China ari mugovanisi mamiriro zvevanhu democratic udzvinyiriri. simba Its soro ndiye unicameral National People kuti Congress (National People kuti Congress). It ine vakawanda vevatariri (2979), uyo vanosarudzwa nokuda-gore 5 emunharaunda musarudzo. NPC anosangana pagore. Kubatanidzwa sarudzo kubvumirwa chete nhengo CPC ne8 mapato "gutsaruzhinji", izvo zviri chikamu CPPCC (Chinese vanhu Political vanobva Council). The soro Executive muviri - the Council of State, kana (sezvazvakanyorwa anowanzonzi) Hurumende Central People wacho. Inoitwa: Prime pamwe wevatariri ake, vashumiri, Auditor General, vanhuwo nhengo, varikutonga munyori. Soro dare - Dare vanhu Court. Huge muchinangwa kukura munyika reDare zviremera zvomunzvimbo - People kuti Congress uye varikutonga uye yaiona (National) hurumende.

To musi, yayo Paramende, pane chinokosha administrative nharaunda, dzinoti - in Hong Kong uye Macau. Musoro People kuti Republic of China, Xi Jinping, haagumiri noushamwari pamwe akatsiva USSR - the Russian Federation. Gore negore ushamwari pakati maviri nyika uye wezvikamu pamwe anobatsira kuri kuwedzera. Embassy of People kuti Republic of China muna Russian Federation rinokoshesa zvikuru mberi nokusimbaradza ukama pakati penyika dzedu.

administrative kupesana

Sezvo China - kukuru nokuderera uye hwevanhu mamiriro, ine chaizvo kunzwisisa administrative marongerwo. China anoshandisa kuzvidzora pamusoro 22 enyika, uye hurumende anotenda yechi23 adminedinitsey Taiwan. Sechivako wehurumende ichi kunosanganisirawo 5 zvionera nharaunda, 4 makanzuru (guta nechepakati simba), 2 chaiwo miganhu chikwata. Pamwe chete, vari kunzi "Mainland China". Separate administrative dzakabatana vari: Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan.

Kutaura zvazviri, muna China pane kwevari yeko:

• dzematunhu (23 enyika, maguta musimboti kuzviisa pasi 4, 5 uye 2 zvionera nharaunda chaiyo);
• Dunhu (15 prefectures aimak 3, 286 uye 30 dzomumaguta nemaruwa zvionera);
• dunhu (counties: 1455 Simple, 370 - matunhu neminisiparati, 117 - zvionera; 857 misi uye chinokosha dzoruwa 4; 49 nyore uye zvionera khoshuns 3);
• Chechi (13,587 uye 1085 National kwakajairika mumaruwa, 19.683 kugarwa 106 nyore uye 1 National TJS 2 County munharaunda murayiro uye mumugwagwa Committee 7194);
• kumaruwa (mumadhorobha nharaunda, nharaunda, misha).

Hong Kong ndeimwe mari nzvimbo dzenyika. In ichi rinokosha administrative munharaunda China, izvo akapfuura pasi wayo chepasi muna 1997, musha vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 7. Macau - zvionera ndima (vaimbova Portuguese nyuchi), apo vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 0.5.

Republic of China

We ikozvino tinofanira kubata pamwe inoti riri munharaunda iyi. Ndiani Republic of China? Asi hazvina kufanana Taiwan, izvo Chinese hurumende anoona yechi23 mupurovhinzi yacho. chitsuwa ichi muna Pacific Ocean iri 150? km kure kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo yakaoma China. Pakati pavo ndiye Taiwan Strait. Nzvimbo chitsuwa chiri 36 sq. M. ? km.

mamiriro uyu rusununguko akaziviswa musi 10.10.1911 guta, asi kusvikira zvino ane kukwana nedzenyu pamutemo. Taiwan kwakaita mutauro unonyanya - Chinese. Its guru - Taipei. zvokuvhoterwa uyu yegutsaruzhinji ane Semi-vemutungamiri hurongwa hurumende uye zvakasikwa suffrage. To musi, Taiwan ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakabudirira mudunhu. Ndizvo chikamu vanonzi "Tigers mana Asian". President of Zimbabwe riri yakavhenganiswa Ma Intszyu.

Flag of Zimbabwe China angwarire, inomiririra Pasi, ane zvitema rectangle chokumusoro rworuboshwe wekona, ndiro denga. Zvinoratidza chena zuva. Flag of Zimbabwe China kutanga akazviratidza 1928 muna Kuomintang.

MuTaiwan, musha vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 23.3. With GDP pa capita muna 2013 yairema 39 767 US madhora, inova 11 nguva yakakura kupfuura mufananidzo uyu China. Taiwan Michina indasitiri inoita basa rinokosha mune yose upfumi. Uye kukosha kwayo gore negore chete inowedzera. Economy of Zimbabwe China vakabudirira yakatanga mumakore emakore kuburikidza kushandiswa noungwaru zvigadzirwa uye dzidzo yakanakisisa vemo. Currency wenyika ino - Taiwan Dollar.

Education of Republic of China kwemakumi emakore dzakabudirira kuitira kuti nguva dzose inorangarira changing zvinodiwa kukura upfumi. To musi, nguva rokubva dzidzo ndiyo 9 makore. Munguva ichangopfuura, Taiwan zviremera vanoda kuwedzera ichi makore 12. The yose yedzidzo dzinongoita nekambani kurutivi kudzidza sayenzi michina. Somugumisiro chokurovedza kudzidza vane rimwe soro siyana yokurovedza masvomhu uye musayenzi.

Chinese Soviet Republic

An ichikosha kuti gutsaruzhinji-komiyunizimu, vakawanda kare kukanganwika. vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti paiva mamiriro yakadai, sezvo Chinese Soviet Republic. Akazosvika refu chaizvo. Izvi duku mamiriro akasikwa 1931 pasi utungamiriri Communist Party muna South Central China (Jiangxi). Muna 1937 yakashandurwa kuva chaiyo nzvimbo.

Chinese Soviet Republic aiva yayo mureza, kuti dikidiki Government, reMitemo, mitemo, mari zviratidzo uye mamwe mamiriro unhu. The Council of People kuti Commissars reRepublic rinotungamirirwa kunze Mao Tszedun, uyo akazova mutungamiriri-refu vanhu Republic of China. rutsigiro Military wenyika ino hwava Central Army Group. Chaiva varwi Mao Zedong uye Zhu De. Muna 1931-1932 gg. paiva nokubatanidzwazve Dzvuku Army.

The chikuru nenzvimbo chepfungwa Chinese Soviet Republic vaiva: migodhi chinzvimbo, remoteness, kushaya pakukurukurirana, izvo zvakaita kuti ayo kudzivirira nechitarisiko vavengi. Zvinonzi inogarwa nevanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 5.