Styrene-butadiene rabha: zvivako uye chikumbiro, kuti nzira

Styrene-butadiene rabha ichaongororwa chimwe chezvinhu kushandiswa kusarudza pakati polymeric zvinhu. Zvakakodzera anogadzira zvinhu matai uye nezvimwe rabha zvinogadzirwa pamwe high quality.

Akati polymeric zvinhu yakaitwa kubva chipa pakugadzira zvinhu, ayo kugadzira unyanzvi anoonekwa kuti iripo, une kutevedzana pachena nezviito. Pakupedzisira zvichiguma styrene-butadiene rabha ane wakanaka kuita uye nemakemikari maitiro. It anogadzirwa nouchapupu rakawandisa uye anoratidzwa ne kambani mu-siyana.

Raw zvokuvakisa kugadzirwa

Ngatikurukurei kugadzirwa styrene-butadiene rubbers. Somunhu mbishi zvinhu nokuda polymeric zvinhu anosarudzwa butadiene-1,3 kana Alpha-methylstyrene. Wakagadzirira styrene-butadiene rabha nokuda unyanzvi dhaka kana emulsion copolymerization. In nzira yechipiri vari aumba dhaka butadiene-styrene rubbers.

emulsion polymerization

Sei negashiro styrene butadiene rabha? Zvakaitwa kunosanganisira vagari polymerization kuti styrene uye butadiene ari emulsion. The yokupedzisira chigadzirwa kunowanikwa somugumisiro nekuita uku, rinonzi styrene butadiene rabha (VVZR).

Pari mudzimai rabha indasitiri Kugadzirwa anotora embodiments siyana, iri polymer eBhaibheri zvivezwa makemikari.

How yakakamurwa styrene-butadiene rabha? Manufacturers vanopa pfungwa dzinotevera:

• rubbers izvo dzisina anonhuwirira (VVZR ZOARK);
• Zvinhu neavhareji chikamu mafuta (SCM-ZOLRKM-15);
• pamwe yakawanda mafuta (VVZR ZODRKM-27);
• yakanaka dielectric maitiro (VVZR ZOARPD).

Chaizvo mazita

The digits zvokutanga mazita vanoudza quantitative zviri styrene iri kwokutanga aitarisira, vakasarudzwa kuti polymerization:

• "A" kunosanganisira Implementation kuderedzwa tembiricha polymerization muitiro (hapana madhigirii kupfuura mashanu).
• "M" kunoratidza kuti ane mafuta, kwete chete styrene.
• Styrene-butadiene rabha pamwe tsamba "P" chokuita kuitisa polymerization pasina kuvapo regulator.
• "K" anoratidza kushandiswa iri zvaAtemisi rabha rosin emulsifier.
• Tsamba "P" anomiririra zvinhu anogadzirwa pamberi inosimbisa mafuta, chakaita zvokugadzirwa acids munyu ndiyo zvibereko haasaruri oxidation pakati nomuti paraffins.

Chii inechirevo styrene-butadiene rabha? Kuwana zviri inobva polymerization muitiro, iyo inozivikanwa kunyange vokusekondari, vadzidzi yechipiri muzvikoro.

Saka, haizovi kugadzirwa mu indasitiri pamusoro rubbers vaishandisa smolonapolnenny styrene-butadiene rabha, iyo nzira asingasvavi wakasiyana kwakajairika diene yeHydrocarbon. At rubbers anobudiswa akavakirwa butadiene-styrene nebwe, mukuru kuramba zvokuimba abrasion, zvakanaka reganda-zvakadai maitiro.

Emulsion polymerization kwacho kuri kuitwa inokosha maindasitiri kugadzwa. Chii chinoratidzwa ichi styrene-butadiene rabha? Kunyoresa nayo zvakaitwa yakajeka uye nekusimba rwokugadzira. Avhareji ya makemikari kuita maawa 12-15. Pashure pokupedza polymerization latex aumbwa, iyo ine anenge 30-35 muzana polymeric fuma. Sezvo antioxidant kutaurwa muna latex neon D.

Revai rabha kubva latex kubudikidza coagulation electrolytes ane sulfuric acid. Sezvo kuita sezvo emulsifiers kanifolevoe mafuta uye sipo, akasikwa pachishandiswa chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta acids, kuwedzera coagulation vakacherechedzawo paumbwe mafuta acids vane kunobatsirawo pamusoro hwokugadzira zvechadenga rakapera chigadzirwa.

Nokuwedzera sulfuric asidhi Sipo tinoshandurirwa vakasununguka makemikari asidhi wakagumiswa latex coagulation uye makaumba styrene butadiene rabha. Application chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda kwokupedzisira zvinhu kunoenderana mhando kugadzirwa. Kumboda rabha chinhu chakajairika mbishi mashoko makemikari indasitiri.

The nemamiriro rabha

Chii Chimiro ndiyo styrene-butadiene rabha? ehupfumi zvokunyama fuma iri pakutsvaga peculiarities vayo mamiriro. Kana kuwana polymer kubudikidza ozotsionirovaniya kuumbwa polymer ndiye mugari marongerwo. The rabha monomer zviumbu vari randomly Morekuru ane mapazi fomu.

Inenge 80 muzana ari zviumbu vane mhiri configuration, uye muzana 20 chete ari dzinoratidzwa Kishi-chivako.

zvinoitwa

Ngationgororei kuti styrene-butadiene rabha. Properties of pfuma chokuita kwayo yakakwirira samolecular uremu. Paavhareji, ndizvo 150 000-400 000 rubbers akazara mafuta-A mukugadzira zvemichina kunosanganisa kusarudzwa zvinhu rurefu indekisi kuti hama samolecular vakawanda. Kwakadaro nezvechisarudzo anobvumira kubvisa inokanganisa mafuta pamusoro rabha quality, kunze kwenguva yakareba kwazvo kubudiswa unhu rabha.

Zvinokwanisika kuwana kubva ethylene butadiene-styrene rabha, akapedza muitiro cheni kushandisa activators, emulsifiers, regulators, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvishomanana panguva zvakaitwa zvakaitika munzvimbo zvichiguma rabha sezvamunoita.

chinosiyanisa zvinhu

Munguva styrene-butadiene rabha. The yokuita nefuma inoratidza kuti zviri husingakwanisi zvemaziso deformations, hasha zvokufembedzwa. Kuti uvandudze chando nemishonga uye rabha elasticity vasanyanye inosimbisa huwandu styrene. The zvichiguma polymer yakanga zvazvichanyungudutswa peturu uye zvinonhuwirira zvokufembedzwa.

Chiizve anomira panze SBR? The zvivako uye ukama kuti pfungwa acids, ketones, alcohols kugadzikana, kunze polymer iri rakaisvonaka gasi uye mvura permeability. Panguva muchidziisa rabha, pane chakakomba STRUCTURAL kuchinja kwakakanganisa inobata mumuviri uye zvemaziso zvivako zviri rabha.

Thermal oxidation pane kutonhora zviri 125 ° C rinoita zvinoderedza kwoukukutu uye kuparadza. Tevera oxidation kunosanganisira zvakakomba yokuronga patsva polymer kunokanganisa kuwedzera zvayo Rigidity.

Zvakakurukurwa kushanda

Kuti sika rabha sezvamunoita kushandiswa aiva styrene butadiene rabha. Properties, kushanda ichi mumiririri kirasi diene Mahydrocarbon unonyatsoenzana zvinhu zvayo STRUCTURAL payakavakirwa.

Kuvapo mapoka kurutivi phenyl zvakunoita kuti rakawedzera kuramba yokuwana nemwaranzi sezvo kuenzaniswa nemamwe marudzi Polymers izvi.

In inogadziriswa rabha nziyo vakaitwa akavakirwa butadiene-styrene rabha, pasi chipini, vakawedzera shrinkage panguva calendering uye extrusion. Izvi inokanganisa pamusoro Implementation kuti urongwa, uyewo panguva Bonding (ungano) rabha blanks.

In yakaderera-tembiricha yamuro rabha kubudiswa, dzinonzi "kupisa" rubbers.

dzakasiyana-siyana rubbers

Soft styrene-butadiene rubbers vane yakaderera pasi-tembiricha kusimba, zvisinei havasi akakanya.

Hard matadza anobudiswa riri shoma kuburikidza pasi navo kuti chafariz oxidative mastication mumhepo panguva tembiricha anenge 1400 ° C nokushandisa activators kudzikisirana rikurumidze.

In unfilled vulcanizing yakaderera tensile simba. Kana kuderedza huwandu akasungirwa styrene ari polymeric mukomboni ipfupi, kunowedzera kuramba nechando kurwisa abrasion nemishonga, zvakawedzera elasticity.

Sazhenapolnennye (pamwe kabhoni dema), curatives butadiene-styrene rubbers vane kwazvo chafariz parameters kurwisa uye mukurumari, asi ivo vari pava vakaderera elasticity uye deformation nemishonga yose kwakajairika rubbers. Useful curatives vane mamwe kuramba acids dzichiitika uye rakasanganiswa, doro, alkalis, esters. The rabha solvent ivo kuzvimba.

All of zvichizoita Polymers rakashandiswa zvaAtemisi matai, kugadzira zvakasiyana asiri kuumbwa uye kuumbwa nyaya. Somuenzaniso, zviri butadiene-styrene rabha conveyor mabhandi tinoitirwa mapuranga kugadzirwa, berekai rabha shangu. Maererano zvakawedzera nemwaranzi nemishonga rubbers izvi zvinoshandiswa anogadzira zvinhu rabha ane optimum kuramba wegamma nemwaranzi.

Nokuti kugadzirwa kunze akaomarara vakaisvonaka maitiro zvigadzirwa, zviri feedstock kushandiswa, yaisanganisira shoma styrene kugutsikana.

Zvinoitwa styrene-butadiene rubbers, mhinduro polymerization

Mudzimai indasitiri akaronga kugadzirwa styrene-butadiene rubbers mhinduro polymerization ane zvakasiyana styrene kugutsikana:

• SBR-10.
• SBR-25.
• SBR-18.
• SBR-50.
• 25E-ROSC (yave kunowedzerwa dielectric maitiro).

On Kutengeswa pane rabha, izvo zvinosanganisira microblocks inonhuwirira styrene, akaronga kuti kubudiswa kubudikidza jekiseni.

Uyezve, pane vakazadza mafuta-rabha mhinduro polymerization, ane kusvika mafuta 27%. Nokuda mhinduro polymerization pamberi organolithium catalysts akaita chinjika zvinhu parameters ezvinhu mamiriro:

• cheni branching;
• samolecular uremu;
• macrostructure.

The chinosiyanisa zvechadenga rubbers izvi anonzi kuvapo chinokosha pamusoro polymer (kusvika 98%), shoma uwandu nouipi. The Polymers vane Linear chivako tichienzanisa emulsion styrene-butadiene rubbers.

Polymeric zvinhu vakagamuchira refu ductility, vanopfeka nemishonga, kutonhora nemishonga, zvakawedzera kuramba cracking walnut. Cherechedzawo yakakwirira guru kutsungirira izvi zvinhu. At yakaderera shrinkage vane Mooney viscosity mukuru sezvo macromolecule vane Linear yakarongeka, unogona kuzadzwa vakawanda chin'ai (kabhoni dema) uye mafuta kwakakanganisa kuchinja zvemaziso uye mumuviri zvivako zviri vulcanizates pasina.

Pane zvimwe zvakanakira rwokugadzirwa kweShanduro dhaka rabha tichienzanisa emulsion zvokusarudza, asi zvakawanda zvinodiwa pane rucheno monomers kushandiswa. Solution polymerization rubbers akashandiswa tai indasitiri, kusika simba conveyor mabhandi, shangu inotsika, rabha hoses, rabha dzakawanda nhengo. The kutanga zvinoriumba kuti pagadzirwe polymeric zvinhu izvi mhando anonzi styrene uye 1,3-Buada. Rubbers yaunganidzwa mhinduro kana emulsion copolymerization.

In indasitiri ano hakusi chete kugadzirwa vasiri izere rabha michina, asi vakarongawo kugadzirwa Polymers izvo varipo vari Kuronga nebwe, kabhoni dema, mafuta. Pakati polymeric zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nenguva chikamu styrene butadiene rabha nyaya kwenguva inopfuura hafu kurimwa chinzvimbo.

Chikonzero pamwero uyu yakakwirira homogeneity rwomuviri uye namakemikari zvechadenga kugadzirwa chigadzirwa, Kuwanikwa pokutangira monomers (styrene uye butadiene), uye yakasimbiswa dzaFord.

vakawanda zvikuru styrene butadiene rabha mukurima ano nevazivisi emulsion copolymerization kuti styrene uye butadiene.

Kupatsanura pakati rabha mune mamiriro

Vakapiwa zvinhu kubva polymerization uye Kuronga vakashandisa hurongwa rakaronga kugadzirwa styrene-butadiene rubbers, izvo zvakasiyana zviri sezvamunoita uye zvivako. Kubvumirwa Statistical, mugari kuparadzirwa STRUCTURAL vamapoka styrene uye butadiene ari macromolecule.

Sezvo tembiricha zvinoderedza pane kuderera mune quantitative zviri pasi samolecular uremu nezvikamu kunotangira rabha. Uyezve, pane rutapudzo pakati STRUCTURAL branching, kuwedzera nguva polymer mamiriro, kuti chokwadi kunokanganisa hwokugadzira uye anodawo zvechadenga rakapera chigadzirwa.

Kukura mudzimba kugadzirwa chakaita zvokugadzirwa zvinhu inokosha yaiva kumisa kugadzirwa butadiene-styrene zvinhu achishandisa polymerization achishandisa yakakura mashandiro. Parizvino, zvinhu yepamusoro uye mukana wekuti mutengo kwakadaro kubudisa miti Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Togliatti, Sterlitamak, Voronezh.

Michina Features

kunogona vakawana polymer ane zvimwe parameters, kana achida. Somuenzaniso, imwe kupiwa avhareji samolecular uremu iyo inodzorwa sezvo polymerization nokuwedzera regulators anokwanisa kuita kuti cheni hutachiwana. Sezvo quantitative kugutsikana regulators vakachengeta kuderera samolecular kurema polymer.

Chii chingarangarirwa sechinoitika emulsifiers, akakodzera kuti pagadzirwe akatsiga emulsions pakati monomers, uye kubereka okupedzisira zvibereko polymerization, ivo latices? Huru kwemakemikari zvinoriumba vaiona potassium kana yavaibvisa munyu pamusoro mafuta chakaita zvokugadzirwa carboxylic acids, hydrogenated rosin uye munyu alkisulfonatov.

Pakusarudza rosin riri kutanga pasi chinokosha kurapwa. Munguva disproportionation kwacho kana nokuva gombedzero (palladium), izvozvo anowana Zvivako zvinodiwa muitiro cheni rubbers.

kugadzirwa Spefitsika

Nokuti copolymerization uchishandisa bhatiri polymerizer. Pakugadzira sanganisa riri vakavhengana uye pre-ndokunatsawo styrene yakaomeswa, butadiene, kuti solvent (zvingava cyclohexane) ari nhamba 5/1. Humwe zvinoumba kwokutanga feedstock uchaguta munzvimbo chisanganiso orifices nokuti unhu vaiitawo. Musanganiswa yakabva yakanangana wakanaka namakemikari wokunatswa siyana marara duku.

The midziyo anondishandira organolithium kungatowedzera titer pa 25 ° C kwemaminitsi 20. The mwero yokuzvinatsa iri pakutsvaga ruvara musanganiswa. Kana pasina netsvina, kubva musanganiswa zvishoma shava ruvara. Vasati polymerization, kuti batch mangé yakavhenganiswa nokuva gombedzero, polar yokuvirisa.

Process rinoitwa ari bhatiri randinogara vatatu mwero midziyo, kubudikidza sequential batch mangé dzichifura. The tembiricha mukati polymerizer anodzokororwa kuwanda kubva 50 kusvika 80 ° C. Avhareji nguva dzose makemikari zvichiitika maawa 6.

mhedziso

In zvose zvoupenyu hwavo uye basa vanhu kusangana nenguva zvokuvakisa, izvo kwakavakirwa styrene-butadiene rabha. Chokutanga, tinoona pakasikwa rabha shangu inotsika, motokari rabha matai, zvakasiyana-siyana mugadheni hosipaipi.

The anongoitika copolymers pamusoro styrene uye butadiene iri zvinowanzoshandiswa pakusika magetsi insulating zvinhu, zvigadzirwa siyana nokuda motokari indasitiri, kusanganisira pakusikwa yepamusoro matai. Itsva ruzivo vagadziri vanoshandisa ano styrene-butadiene rubbers, kuvabvumira kusika zvinhu pamwe kutsvakwa kwomuviri uye nemakemikari parameters, achida kuita maitiro.

Pakati pezvinhu zvekugadzirwa uku, tinocherechedza kushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro. Zvichienderana nechimiro chekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, nguva yegadziriro yezvisikwa zvavo yakasiyana zvikuru, uyewo mari yekupedzisira yezvigadzirwa zvemarubhi zvinobudiswa pamusana weRubber.