Mitauro dzemunharaunda

Pfungwa yacho mitauro ndozvakajairwa - ichi ndicho chikuru chepfungwa mutauro chaiko, sezvo tsika yokutaura womunhu kwakaratidzwa, pakutanga kwezvose, izvozvo ndizvo. Rinotaura kupfuura rumwe rurimi, uye rinoshanda zvachose zvose zvakafanira kuti kunyora, uye nokuda nemumuromo.

Language mitemo - Ndivo mitemo, pahwaro izvo pane kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti mutauro pane imwe neimwe yayo kukura. Kazhinji kushandisa, muenzaniso wakanaka mitsara, mitongo uye mashoko ari kutaura.

Pane zvinotevera mutauro nemitemo yomutauro wokuRussia :

-slovoobrazovatelnye (mitemo dzidzo mashoko matsva);

- kutaurwa (kana emashoko mitemo);

- Morphology;

-orfograficheskie;

-leksicheskie;

-sintaksicheskie;

-punktuatsionnye;

-intonatsionnye.

Vamwe vavo vane maitiro maviri mhando kutaura, uye vamwe chete kuti nemukanwa kana chete kunyora.

Mitauro dzemunharaunda - kutanga kare kuumbwa. Vamwe vavo akazviratidza kare uye kumbochinja kusvikira ikozvino, uye vamwe - akanga anyangarika. Vamwe kunyange dhumhana. Somuenzaniso, shoko German "munhu akanyorera" rinobva pashoko Ages rechiLatin rinoreva "munhu achienda aende," uye nhasi zviri uyo, nekusiyana, achida kuenda kudzidza. Kureva, pamusoro kwenguva, vakashandura mwero kushandiswa shoko.

Madudzirwo mitauro dzemunharaunda zvakare havasi kugadzikana. Somuenzaniso, rimwe chikwereti shoko "kusauka" zvakanyorwa pamberi muzana remakore rechi18 se "bankrut". Kusvikira mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, yaishandiswa kwose, uye ipapo yakahwina uye akava ndeyokuva achiri mutsva muchimiro kushandiswa kwayo.

It kwave kuchiita kuchinja uye kubatanidza madudzirwo ezita raMwari -chn-. Sezvo maduramazwi 1935-1940-ies ndemamwe mitemo pane avo kuti zviripo nhasi. Somuenzaniso, mashoko okuti "chitoyi, mumwe tudyo" mubatanidzwa -chn- iziviswe sezvo -shn- kuti ikozvino hakumbogamuchiriki zvachose. Vamwe Mashoko vakachengeta chiito miviri: bhekari, nenzira yakakodzera.

Uye morphological kuchinja mutauro dzemunharaunda. Izvi zvinonyatsooneka pane muenzaniso harinzwi ose emazita rume muzvizhinji uye nominative. Nyaya iripo ndeyokuti vamwe ndokuguma -s uye vamwe nowakachenjera -a. Izvi imhaka nezvokuvapo remakore rechi13 mumutauro wekare hunyambiri chimiro, yaishandiswa kana zvakafanira kuti aburitse zvinhu zviviri. Saka anobudiswa matatu dzakasiyana harinzwi: razero nokuti emazita risiri, nokuguma -a kuratidza kuguma maviri zvinhu uye S kuratidza kuwanda zvinhu kupfuura maviri. Chokutanga, kupedza -a akachengetedzwa iwayo mashoko anoreva aiwanzopiwa wokushanda zvinhu: ziso, divi, etc. Zvishoma nezvishoma, ndiwo anenge mugumo yaJehovha vakazodzingwa mune mamwe mashoko.

Uye pano pane zvipenyu muuzhinji emazita kuzviuraya kunyanya vakachengetedzwa S maakaundendi, vatyairi, mainjiniya, lecturers, vaongorori uye vatariri, asi purofesa.

Dzimwe nguva unofanira vachiri kufunga lexical zvinoreva shoko. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "mudzidzisi" zvichireva "mudzidzisi" riri nominative muuzhinji nemagumo - i, uye kukosha "kurovedza musoro" - kuguma yaJehovha; shoko "zvakarongwa" (paper) rinopera s, uye "shizha" (muti) - iri kupera -n.

Multivariance nezvinodiwa unoratidza incredible kupfuma yomutauro wokuRussia. Asi panguva imwe chete, izvozvo anosika zvimwe zvinetso, sezvo zvakafanira kusarudza kubva kuti zvakarurama shanduro. Ashandiswa unogona kuita izvi chete kana tichiziva zvinoitwa yega wayo nemarongerwo coloring. Somugumisiro hwakadzama kuongorora kushandiswa kutaura (kutukana uye zvakanyorwa) zvakasiyana mikana nyanzvi yakasimbiswa kushandiswa maduramazwi uye glossaries, izvo wakaiswa mitauro dzemunharaunda ane ano mutauro anodzidza.