The Wenyika yadzo dzichitenderera zuva uye kukosha

Kunyange kare, ndichiona denga rakazara nenyeredzi, vanhu vakaona kuti masikati zuva denga usiku - anenge zvose nyeredzi - nguva kudzokorora nzira yake. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti pane zvikonzero zviviri chiitiko ichi. Kana pane paNyika yadzo dzichitenderera zuva iri pakanyorwa vachiri azere nyeredzi kana denga inotenderera Earth. Klavdiy Ptolemey, munhu akakurumbira rekare rechiGiriki muongorori wenyeredzi, musayendisiti uye geographer, sezvo akasarudza nyaya iyi hunogutsa wose Anoisa zuva uye denga mira Earth. Pasinei nokuti geocentric hurongwa kugona kutsanangura muchadenga mananara zhinji, kurarama nayo.

Heliocentric chete ezvinhu kwakavakirwa imwe shanduro, yakahwina kuzivikanwa kwayo muna refu uye kunoshamisa hondo. Akafa padanda Dzhordano Bruno, Galileo akaziva vakwegura "kunopa" pakati Raibvunzurudza, asi "... asi hazvina kufamba!"

Nhasi, paNyika kutenderera vakapoteredza zuva anoonekwa kuti zvakazara nekusimba. Kunyanya, kufamba redu muchadenga pedyo zuva kwakaratidza aberration pamusoro starlight uye parallax kuchinja pane zvikamu gore rimwe. Today akawana kuti kutungamirirwa Kutenderera paNyika, kutaura zvazviri, barycenter yaro, kubva muchadenga rinobatana kutungamirirwa kutenderera pamusoro akabatana, i.e. ichienda kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira.

Pane zvakawanda zvinhu zvichiratidza kuti Earth zvinopfakanyika nzvimbo iri chaizvo kunzwisisa muchadenga. Kutenderera Nyika kunhivi zuva pamwe kwayo kufamba kumativi akabatana kuti precession uye nutation oscillations nokukurumidza ndege zuva ari zononoka mukati Galaxy, izvo hakumo munzvimbo.

Kutenderera Nyika vakakomba zuva, uyewo mamwe mapuraneti, runosvika nenzira elliptical muchadenga. Naizvozvo, kamwe pagore, musi waJanuary 3, nyika iri sezvo pedyo Sun, uye kamwe, musi July 5 rinobviswa pamusoro wakarebesa daro. Musiyano perihelion (mamiriyoni 147? Km.) Uye aphelion (152 miriyoni. Km), zvichienzaniswa chinhambwe kubva zuva panyika zvikuru duku.

Kufambira pedyo muchadenga pedyo zuva, pasi redu kuita 30 km pa wechipiri, uye paNyika chimurenga kumativi zuva rakapera mukati 365 D 6 H It - .. The anonzi sidereal kana sidereal gore. For hunobatsira kurerukirwa anoonekwa kuti mazuva 365 pagore. "Plus," 6:00 4 Makore wedzera kusvika maawa 24, pachine zuva rimwe. Izvi, ipapo (akauya achimhanya, nemamwe) zuva uye akawedzera kuti February ose 4 makore. Saka, muna karenda redu 3 years zvinosanganisira mazuva 365 uye munogodorerei gore - mugore rechina rine mazuva 366.

Earth pachake akabatana kuti kutenderera anopa kune orbital ndege pa 66,5 °. Panyaya iyi, mugore iri chezuva kuwira pamusoro ose pfungwa panyika pasi Institute bubbled pamakona. Saka, panguva dzakasiyana kwegore anongedze yakasiyana hemispheres vari mumwe uye imwe nguva, siyana yakawanda chiedza nokupisa. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, mune unozvidzora latitudes, mwaka vari rinooneka kududzwa. Panguva iyoyowo, rose gore chezuva panguva neequator pasi panguva imwe yorusvingo, saka mwaka pane siyanei nepedyo.

In Muzhizha kwezuva akabatana Nyika yakatarisa kuchamhembe kuguma kuna Sun, uye mumapapiro aro achawira perpendicularly pakufara 23,5 °. Saka, kubvira neequator kusvika 66,5 °, zuva rava refu usiku hwose. To rwokumusoro Latitude pakati 66,5 ° handikoshi polar zuva.