Nuclear-dzinofambiswa aizi "Arktika": tsanangudzo uye mifananidzo. Modern dzinopwanya aizi kirasi "Arctic"

Zvichida kwete munhau yaimbova Soviet Union, ndataura zvikuru kudanana uye kunoshamisa, pane kukura Far North. Kudiwa ichi rave vomuzana kirasi: munzvimbo idzodzo nhema guru mari zvicherwa, izvo chaizvo kudiwa muduku mamiriro indasitiri. Uyezve, mashoko chidzidzo yenzvimbo idzi ari chaizvo zvinodiwa masayendisiti, sezvo vanobvumira kuti funga nzendo kukura yose nyika.

Muchidimbu, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti zvimwe kuenda rwendo. In ezvinhu chakakomba okunze uye muchinjikwa-nyika nzira zvakanakisisa ndeyokushandisa gungwa migwagwa, chete rwendo mwaka munzvimbo idzodzo hupfupi chaizvo. Mukana vakavharirwa aizi yakanga kukuru.

Yakanga, uye paiva nyika yakakurumbira Soviet ice-kuenda rengarava. Mumwe rinonyatsooneka wevamiriri vayo aiva aizi "Arktika", nhoroondo iri nyaya ino. chikepe Izvi zvokuti akasiyana kuti kushandisa kuva nyore ane bhuku rose! Kana ukaverenga nyaya, zvirokwazvo kubvumirana nesu iri.

Brief rwokugadzira unhu

Ngarava ine mukuru kwazvo uye simba mativi, shop mana chete uye vaviri vachizvitakudza platforms. Pokugara chidhiraivho uye murayiro mamiriro vakashandisa shanu-Tiered uriri superstructure. Sangano iri ngarava hombe nemasikuruu matatu (musi mumwe - mashizha mana). Nechepakati chikamu aizi ndiyo imwe hwemvura turbine, chiutsi rinobudiswa iro vanoshandisa reactor yenyukireya. Nokuti zvaAtemisi ekupedzisira, vose yokungotaura uye zvinoshanda nokubudirira zvave, kuti bhizimisi renyukireya vakakwanisa kuvaka Union panguva iyoyo.

A chepfungwa mamiriro yose muviri chakagadzirwa Stainless simbi chiwanikwa. Pafunge: yose hombe marongerwo akaitwa zvinhu zvinodhura uye kusimba hunogara kudaro! Munzvimbo idzodzo, izvo tsika zvikuru kumanikidzwa chando chokudzivirira inopiwa, saka anonzi chando bhandi, ndiro kuvaka-up STRUCTURAL chisimbiso rukoko huru muviri muchikepe.

Other shipboard hurongwa

An chinokosha STRUCTURAL chikamu, iyo yakasiyana aizi "Arctic" vari crenic uye kudimburira hurongwa. Kuti setambo yokukwevesa, izvo kazhinji zvakakodzera kuita nevashandi vomungarava, rakagadzirirwa Towing yose papuratifomu riri shure ngarava. Paivawo helipad. Kazhinji, wakashandiswa danidziro of Mi-8, waiva dzetsika dzemagariro yacho.-refu Range ushori uye nzvimbo ngarava rakabayirwa chando.

Chinokosha chikepe wakakwana kwazvo avo nguva kushandisa michina, kuburikidza nayo reactor yenyukireya anogona kushanda kwenguva refu ari zvizere zvionera nzira pasina kudikanwa kugara uye nguva pakurinda. The sensors vakanga akagadzawo ari kwakavakirwa ari nokukwasva Motors yemagetsi, simba nezvinomera nezvikamu, uyewo huru switchboards. Kuzvidzora chakagadzirwa simba chirimwa akanga akatakurwa kubva murayiro centre, izvo vaiita mutyairi wendege imba.

It riri pamusoro uriri imba, nekuti izvi zvinopa inonyatsobudirira ongororo. Upamhi mutyairi imba - metres anenge mashanu pakureba kwayo rwatambanudzwa pamusoro zvose 30 mamita. The mberi uye divi masvingo wheelhouse kushanda akafukidzwa yakafara rucherechedzo hwindo. Oddly zvakakwana, asi mazita midziyo yaiva kwayo chaizvo mwero.

Saka, mukamuri kune vatatu zvachose kufanana control panel, iro rine mubato kudzora kutungamirirwa kufamba muchikepe, uyewo zviratidzo kuratidza mamiriro nzvimbo dzose dziri propellers uye vakasunungura. Pane mabhatani kupa yambiro beep, mudziyo kuti Activate kuti mashandiro kuti nokuisa ari kutsigisa igwa matangi. Mufananidzo rinopedzisa chati tafura, achidzora, hydrologists, tafura uye dhesiki pamwe Akash.

Peak simba - 55 MW, imwe misha matani 23,000. Kurohwa zvazvingava (pasi akanaka ezvinhu) anogona kusvika murayiro 18 nokusunungura mapfundo, ya zvizere zvionera kufamba mwedzi minomwe.

History chokusika

Self-dzinofambiswa aizi "Arktika", riri kutungamirira chikepe chirongwa 10520, rakaumbwa muna 1971 pamusoro mumatanda ari reBaltic Shipyard. Soviet Navy kokutanga munhoroondo remangwana vashandi vanhu 150, kwete chete muchirongwa pakuvaka muchikepe, asi vanogona kupa zano iri kugadzirwa kwayo. Tsika iyi akabvumira vafambisi kudzidza zvemichina zvachose itsva rekodhi nguva. The vashandi rinotungamirirwa Captain Yu. S. Kuchiev.

Yaiva kusimba ruzivo mukuru uyo nechikepe marudzi akasiyana ice-namapoporodzi kwemakore anopfuura matatu. Nechekare pakupera December 1972 muchikepe mvura, izvo chaizvo chinyorwa kwenguva pakuvaka ichi mhando.

The kudzivirira wokusarudza kushandisa

Mune USSR, hurumende inenge pakarepo, kwakasarudzwa kuti aizi "Arktika" achava hwokugadzira kugona kushandiswa senzvimbo ngarawa simba Coast Guard. Kuti uite izvi, unofanira kumisa kuva makuru-caliber atirari zvombo, zvokushandisa pakugadzira basa chipingaidzo, uyewo mamwe Radar michina nemauto-mhanya. "Program Maximum" kwaisanganisirawo bvunzo ezvinhu pedyo kurwa.

Pashure paizvozvo, midziyo yose uto aifanira kubvisa uye kuchengetedza. Mungarava yakanga vakaronga kusiya zvimwe achifarira uye vakatsvaka munguva yehondo zvombo, mothball nayo munzira chaiyo (kuchengetedza mukana wayo mangwanani decompression uye kutyaira vachiridzira nzvimbo).

Zvikurukuru, kana uchitarisa Qualitative womuenzaniso aizi "Arktika", unogona kuona hurukuro yacho contours vari warship yake. Nokuti USSR, emuchiuto kwakadaro yakanga isiri chinhu chitsva, sezvo nyika akayeuka zvakaitika 40s nguva dzose.

Sei zvakanga kubudirira mwero iri kuvakwa kweareka

A refu chaizvo nguva vagadziri vakanga kufunga sei kudzivisa zvishoma kunonoka muchikepe ivakwe. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, mumwe dzimbahwe wakaparadzaniswa operative hwagadzwa, izvo vaishanda pasi Victor Nilovich Shershneva. Akasarudza: kuti miedzo ose anodiwa mugungwa pasina kudana pachiteshi chengarava panguva imwe nguva.

On bhodhi akaronga kutora zvakafanira vashandi vose vemauto, uyewo kuzviparadzanisa murayiro, waiva mutariri kwezvombo zvidiki uye atirari zvombo. The vashandi pakarepo akasimuka vanhu 700, nepo muna chakaipa netsika mubhazi akapa hapana zvinopfuura 150 zvigaro.

Designers uye vamiririri mutengi kushanda nesimba chaizvo kuti zvakumbirwa zvose zvaidiwa vashandi, apo kwete kugumbura munhu. Ndakanga nokuti kugara ichi muna Leningrad mumazuva mana. Panguva ino mvura pamwero avete kure pasi inowanzotorwa sandara, pasinei nokuti zvibudirire chikepe yakanga zvakawandisa yaro 30-40 masendimita!

Mhedziso mudziyo nemiedzo gungwa

Problem kwave kudziviswa, kana chete nokuti havana kumirira munhu: yose vashandi tichingogara muhondo akagadzirira, kurarama mundege. Akapinda Marine purogiramu, chikepe akakwanisa zvakachengeteka kuunza gungwa. In pemwedzi December 1974 muMoscow uye Leningrad akabatwa pfupi uye zvokuita nemashoko mashoma ichiti redhiyo mashoko "Inopera." Gare gare vaitoseka kuti Kuchiev rakapfuura Kesari pachake: saka muchidimbu Sezvo akashuma anobudirira okuguma gungwa miedzo chikepe Matambudziko!

Mazana vaitaura takaitwa kuti nani kutyaira uye mooring somunhu aizi, uye vakawanda vavo kwave zvizere chinozoiswa ne vagadziri kuti "chamhungwe". Muna April 1975, yokutanga chikuru nzira yokubudisa kugungwa. Izvi zvairatidza kuti aizi "Arktika", mapikicha izvo zvinowanikwa munyaya asangana zvose zvinodiwa kuti vakanga akaiswa padariro pamasikiro uye sketching.

Nechekare April 25, 1975, apo ngarava payakanga yakanyura chengarava Tallinn, izvozvo akamutswa neHurumende mureza of USSR. Pakupedzisira pamutemo akasaina gwaro kuchinjwa pfuma kuna zvikepe, vakatevera neboka "Arctic" wokutanga aizi zvakabva zvati Murmansk, papi yaiva chengarava yokunyoresa. Waiva kukunda yose sayenzi uye kudzivirira indasitiri eumambo nyika.

Kuwedzera zviuru zvevanhu vakanga avepo pakuvaka mudziyo, ayo magadzirirwo uye mufambiro kuedza zvinobatanidzwa kupfuura 350 (!) Tsvakurudzo Scientific, kudzivirira, oceanographic uye hydrological Kudya, magadzirirwo bureaus, ongororo Kudya munyika.

Kuisa kuna Northern Sea Route

Tadzokera mangwanani 1975, asati kugamuchirwa kwayo yepamutemo, ngarava inopwanya aizi "Arktika" (ona mufananidzo. Above) sowakajeka inoitiswa Northern Sea Route, ngarava inopwanya aizi "Admiral Makarov" (Diesel-yemagetsi). Nechekare pakutanga kwegore rinouya, iye chaizvoizvo akatorwa kubva pakutapwa echando hummocks chete chikepe "Ermak" uye kuponeswa kubva vamwe rufu inotakura zvinhu chikepe "Captain Myshevsky".

Ndiyo "Arctic" akatora mugove Kununurwa aizi "Leningrad", pamwe nezvifambiso chikepe "Chelyuskin". Happy mukuru akadana chiitiko ichi yakakwirira pfungwa chikepe idzva, sezvo chete nokuda Muzviitiko izvi zvina, zvaigona ivakwe.

Makore maviri sezvo chinoshingaira basa kwakaratidza kuti akaenda zvachose nevamwe nemarudzi ari flagship of rengarava Soviet - aizi yenyukireya "Arktika". muenzaniso wake mumazuva iwayo kwainzi zvikuru kuchiva zvakatapwa kune vakomana Soviet. Uye nokuda kwechikonzero chakanaka, ndinofanira kutaura! Rave akaratidza kwete chete nokuda kunoshamisa rakavimbika enyukireya uye nezvimwe zvivako, asiwo yokuisvonaka seaworthy chikepe. Zvisinei, mashoko irrepressible mukuru Kuchiev aiziva kuti "wadhi" ake anokwanisa kupfuura, uye saka zvinoda kugadzirira refu kuchamhembe rutsigiro. Nokukurumidza kuteterera ake vakanga vanzwa. The chikwata vakatanga kugadzirira-refu dhonza ndege.

Muna April 1977, imwe experimental ndege musi Yamal

Muna 1976, ngarava akasiya chengarava Murmansk, mu achipfuura apedza chando zvakasimbisa mudziyo "Pavel Ponomarev". Vehicles vakatakura mungarava anenge zviuru zvina matani siyana zvokudya uye nemhuri nhumbi. Near Cape Kharasavey chikwata pasina chinetso yakawandisa akakwanisa tutunura ose zvokushandisa kuti kutsanya chando, pashure dzavaiendeswa kumhenderekedzo. zvikepe Vose vakapinda negwara, muna ice-isina chengarava Murmansk.

Zvakaitika zvinoratidza kuti Kuchiev zvikuru zvakarurama mazano avo soro unhu kumhanya muchikepe, asi nokuti 1977 akanga pakarepo aronga chinotokurudzira kure uye kupfuura kuoma kwidza. Zvinonzi ikozvino kutarisirwa kuti Flights kakawanda Yamal. nguva ino, asi chikwata haana chete wokutanga kweArctic aizi, asi chikepe mumwechete kirasi "Murmansk", uyewo zvitatu chokufambisa ngarava inotakura.

"Zvishamiso pamusoro Bends"

Kumavambo kwa1977, boka zvakachengeteka nechikepe kubva Murmansk, uye mazuva shure mana akakwira Kharasavey. Papera vhiki, dare akapinda negwara. The Sea Barents mumwe Transport akatuma nzira yake Murmansk, apo ari Patakasvika akabva asimuka kuti mutoro. Zvichakadai, kambani dzinopwanya aizi vakatora mumwe chikepe muranda, uye ipapo wakanyarara nowaimbova. Pashure pemazuva maviri chete, muitiro wakadzokororwa zvakare.

Rese mushandirapamwe vachibvumirana akabvuma kuti aizi "Arktika", kuti michina unhu izvo akapa munyaya, aishanda zvishamiso, prolamyvayas hummocks monstrous ukobvu.

vateveri

Zvino isu kuuya pasi rakakwana midziyo yose yakavakwa pasi basa 10520:

• "Arctic".
• "Siberia".
• "Russia".
• "Soviet Union".
• "Yamal".
• "Makore 50 Victory".

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti okupedzisira aizi "Arktika" (ngarava idzva "Makore 50 Kukunda") akaiswa kushanda chete muna 2007, kunyange zvazvo ayo nezvekutanga kwakaitika muna 1993. Chikonzero ndechokuti nyore - utungamiriri itsva munyika pakanga kuramba yokushomeka mari .

Sezvo 2000s, imwe karwendo kuti kweArctic weimwe ngarava inopwanya aizi dzawanika kuti munhu wose anoda (kune mari). Nokuda zvaida mari chokupedzisira kupera iri pakupedzisira akakwanisa kuunganidza uye chikepe konekwa aigona kupinzwa Russian Navy.

nguva itsva

Pakazosvika 1999, "murume wekare" akashanda kwemakore 25, vachipedza kuburikidza kuchamhembe nzira pamusoro midziyo zviuru zvitatu iri akabata yaiva zvifambiswe matani anopfuura miriyoni imwe katakura. Asi veteraani nzira haana yapera, akanga akamirira kuti zvinyorwa wose itsva. Kubva May kusvika May, kubva 1999 kusvika 2000, ngarava akapedza kweArctic Ocean 110 midziyo. Pakati 50 zviuru nautical makiromita chaizvo 32 zviuru chikepe yakapfuura pasina rimwe kukundikana. Not zvakaipa kuti "dainoso"-makore 25, uyo akapedza upenyu hwake achishanda ezvinhu akaoma hazvishandi!

It aitarisirwa kuti aizi "Arktika" panguva iyoyo? The miziyamu kana kukwezvwa kuti vashanyi vakapfuma, izvo vafambisi vengarava vakanga zvakasimba vasingabvumirani! In kururamisira zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chikepe chokutanga chirongwa 10520 muna 2008 ari miziyamu achiri, asi nhoroondo ani kwayo kwave kunyatsochengetwa. On gwaro midziyo kuti vachiri pakati pemisara, unogona kutora nzvimbo pamusoro aizi iri kweArctic. Zvandakatanga Kuziva evashanyi vave ikoko, hazvitomboiti kuti ibudise mashoko. Usingatsananguriki rinofadza!

Life ekisitenjeni

Nuclear aizi akava chaiyo tsvakurudzo pasi. Vakwasvi masayendisiti kwakaratidza kuti propulsion mamiriro chikepe wanonoka kushanda kudarika kwake yaakapiwa nguva. By mid-2000 chikuru uchishandisa nguva hurongwa uye zvigadziriswe zvose mudziyo waiva atova maawa anenge 146,000. Akapiwa izvi zvose, vasayendisiti uye mainjiniya dzakasarudza kuti upenyu basa "Arctic" vakawanda anogona zvakanaka namazuva kusvika 175 zviuru maawa, uye vamwe zvikepe chirongwa kushanda kusvikira uchishandisa nguva 150 zviuru.

The flagship basa iri kuchaita kupedza mazana ezviuru kuedza pairi kunge kwakashanda kunzwisisa akagadzirwa wekushandisa uye radar zvokushandisa Soviet Union uye Russian Federation, masayendisiti zvenyukireya vakaungana mashoko kusimba zvinokosha pamusoro renyukireya nesimba nezvinomera zvikuru hasha ezvinhu. Kukosha kuti yenyukireya-dzinofambiswa aizi "Arktika" (mapikicha dzinoturwa munyaya), zvakaoma kuona.