The Kukombwa Leningrad, vana blockade. History of Great Patriotic War

The Kukombwa Leningrad, vana blockade ... Mashoko aya anzwa mumwe. Chimwe chezvinhu rakaisvonaka uye panguva imwe chete inosuruvarisa mapeji zvakanga zvakachengetedzwa of Great Patriotic War. Zviitiko izvi zviri Logged munhau sezvo wakarebesa uye zvikuru zvinotyisa zviri nemigumisiro yayo pakukombwa muguta. Zvakaitika muguta rino kubva 09.08.1941 musi 27.01.1944, vakapoteredza nyika vakaratidza mweya guru vanhu, vanokwanisa kushandisa maererano nzara, chirwere, chando uye kuparadza. City akapona, asi nemari inobhadharwa kukunda iyi yakanga yakakwirira zvikuru.

Blockade. kutanga

Plan "Barbarossa" - saka akadana muvengi nzira, maererano izvo nezvokubvuta akanga akatakurwa kunze Soviet Union. Mumwe pfungwa kuronga aiva kukundwa kwakakwana uye kubatwa munguva pfupi iri Leningrad. Hitler aida kuwana guta hapana paya pane matsutso 1941. Kurangarira kurwisa haana kuva. Guta, akagura nenyika, asi haana kutora!

Kushanda zvapamutemo ari blockade wakanyorwa September 8, 1941. Zvaive munguva Mumatsutso nhasi, mauto eGermany akakunda Shliserburg uye akadzikatidza zvachose Leningrad nyika kutaura yose nyika.

Kutaura zvazviri, zvakaitika zvishoma apfuura. VokuGermany zvakanyatsorongwa dzoga guta. Saka, kubva July 2, ndege German wakabhombwa munjanji dzose, kudzivisa kugoverwa zvigadzirwa nenzira iyi. August 27 riine guta kuburikidza nedare nzira yatyoka chose. Pashure 3 Mazuva, guta raputsika nokuda Hydroelectric simba miti. Uye musi waSeptember 1, akamira kushanda vose zvebhizimisi muzvitoro.

Chokwadi kuti mamiriro acho ezvinhu akakomba, pakutanga anenge hapana akatenda. Asi vanhu vakanzwa chinhu chakanganisika, takatanga kugadzirira zvikuru. Shops akakurumidza ndokudururira. Right kubvira pamazuva okutanga muguta kuti patange makadhi zvokudya, akadzivira zvikoro uye kindergartens.

Vana guta rakakombwa

Kushungurudzika uye rinotyisa panguva zvichaitirwa vanhu vazhinji rabva blockade kuti Leningrad. Vana blockade - mumwe muboka chaiye vagere muguta rino, apo mamiriro ezvinhu kuti kunyimwa pauduku, kumanikidzwa kukura ipapa, uye vanotamburira kurarama pachiyero vakuru vakuru mu ruzivo vanhu.

Panguva pakazovharwa mhete rakakombwa, mukuwedzera kune vakuru, muguta akanga vana 400 zviuru vemazera akasiyana. Zviri kutarisirwa vana Leningrad vakapa simba; vakatora kutarisira, kukosheswa, vakaedza kuvanda kubva mabhomba, nzwisisika hanya. Munhu wose aiziva kuti vana vanogona kuponeswa chete pakuchengetedza muguta.

Vakuru kugona kudzivirira vana nenzara, chando, chirwere uye kuneta, asi zvose zvinobvira zvakaitwa kwavari.

chando

Upenyu vakakomba Leningrad rwakavatambudza, sabvumika. Kutokonora haana yakaipisisa zvakaitika vapone hostages guta. Kana akatendeuka kure simba rose uye rima rafukidza guta, zvakatanga kupfuura yakaoma. Akauya chando, chando chando.

City akafukidzwa nesinou, nechando 40 madhigirii zvakatungamirira kuti masvingo unheated Apartments akatanga akafukidzwa nechando. Vanhu Leningrad dzakamanikidzwa kuisa chitofu avo Apartments, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma kudziyisa, akapisa zvose: fenicha, mabhuku, zvemumba.

New dambudziko rakauya apo chando mapaipi. Zvino, mvura inogona kutorwa chete muna 2 nzvimbo: kubva Fontanka uye Neva.

nzara

The Nhamba akasuwa anoti muvengi mukuru vagari veguta kwaingova nzara.

Winter 1941 aiva muedzo tipone. Kuchinja kupa vanhu zvokudya, makadhi govera vakanga hwakatangwa. govera saizi hwaderera, muna November yakasvika mashoma ayo.

Dzemunharaunda ari rakakombwa Leningrad vaiva zvinotevera: vaya vaishanda - aifanira 250g. chingwa, mauto, vemoto uye nhengo murwi zviumbu vakagamuchira 300 g, uye vana, uye vaya vari yokumwe vakachengeteka -. 125 Gr.

Chero vamwe zvigadzirwa muguta akanyangarika. 125 magiramu chingwa rakakombwa shoma kufanana neyedu, vanhuwo, nomuzikamwi starchy zvokudya. chidimbu ichi, izvo zvinogona kugamuchira chete pashure kwemaawa amire rwokuyera chando, zvinosanganisira cellulose, keke, Wallpaper namatidza, hwakakanyiwa furawa.

Paiva mazuva apo, uye ichi kuchiva chidimbu vanhu havagoni kuwana. Munguva kubhomba pakati mafekitari havana kushanda.

Vanhu vakaedza kurarama sezvadzaigona. Empty ura vakaedza kuzadza kuti aigona kumedzwa. Nokufamba akaenda zvose: vachidurura Kits (kunwa mafuta Castor, akadya Vaseline), akabvarura kubvisa wallpaper kuti vawane dzasara namatidza uye kubika kumbodzidzira musaradhi,-temwe uye yakabikwa matehwe shangu, huni guruu akagadzirira mondo.

Sezvingatarisirwa, vana panguva yakanakisisa chipo chaiva chikafu. Vari kuramba achifunga zvinonaka. Kuti kudya, izvo chaiye nguva risina utano zvino aiva zvinobudirira.

Holiday vana

Pasinei zvinotyisa, zvirwere zvinouraya neupenyu Leningrad nokushingaira kukuru uye kushingaira ndokuedza vana, vakatorwa mubatwa chando uye guta nenzara, akararama upenyu huzere. Uye kana zvokudya uye kupisa haana kumwe kutora, zvino kuti zororo racho zvinobvira.

Saka, munguva inotyisa muchando, kana paiva blockade pamusoro Leningrad, blockade vana vaipemberera New Year. Leningrad City Council Executive Committee chisarudzo dzakatangwa uye dzakaitisa New Year mazororo kuti vechiduku vomumaguta.

Vose dzemitambo muguta akatora Zvinoshingaira. Mapurogiramu mazororo zvakabvumirwa, yaisanganisira musangano ne vatungamiri uye varwi, unyanzvi kwaziso, mutambo chirongwa nokutamba panguva Christmas muti, uye Chikurukuru - kwemasikati.

Pamitambo iyi rakanga zvose kunze mitambo uye kutamba zvidimbu. All nokuti kuti kusimba vana havambokwanisi simba nokuda varaidzo yakadaro. Vana havana kunakidza - vakanga vakamirira chikafu.

Chisvusvuro raiva duku chechingwa kuti mbiriso muto, mondo uye patties yaigadzirwa mbeu. Ndinoziva nzara vana vakadya, zvishoma nezvishoma, vachinyatsoongorora kunhonga muvhuruvhuru ose, nekuti vaiziva kukosha chingwa rakakombwa.

nguva yakaoma

Children iyi, akanga kwakanyanya zvikuru kupfuura munhu mukuru, anonyatsoziva veruzhinji. How kutsanangura nei panguva kubhomba kugara munzvimbo ine rima yakavanda, uye nei pasina chikafu pose, vana? About kukombwa Leningrad vari vanhu ndangariro anoramba yakawanda chinokatyamadza nyaya akasiyiwa vacheche, vasina vakomana vaiedza kurarama. Pashure pezvose, kazhinji zvakaitika kuti achisiya ndaviga migove, nehama mwana chete akafira munzira, haana kumusha.

Uwandu mudzimba vana muguta rakura zvisingadzoreki. Mugore rimwe, nhamba yavo yawedzera 98 digits, uye chaizvoizvo pakupera 1941 pakanga nherera 17. chete Around 40 zviuru vaiedza dzine uye kuchengetedza mu izvi matumba.

Ose shoma mugari weguta rakakombwa rine chokwadi zvinotyisa. Nyika yose akava nomukurumbira diaries Leningrad wokuchikoro Tani Savichevoy.

Chiratidzo kutambura Leningrad

Tanya Savicheva - zvino zita chinofananidzira chinokatyamadza uye tariro, iyo aifanira kurwisa vagari veguta. Chii zvino vakapona Leningrad! Tanya Savicheva Udza nyika nyaya iyi inosuruvarisa kuburikidza ake magazini vakanyoresa.

Musikana uyu akanga mwana muduku Maria uye Nikolaya Savichevyh. Panguva kukombwa, rwakatanga September, zvakanga aifanira kuva mudzidzi Zvinokonzerwa 4. Kana mhuri vakadzidza pamusoro pakutanga hondo, chisarudzo chakaitwa pose kweguta haana kusiya, asi kugara uye anopa zvose zvinogoneka rubatsiro kune hondo.

Amai musikana vakasonanidza mbatya nemasoja. Hama zvaakawanda, uyo akanga kusanyatsoona zvakanaka, haana vakapinzwa muchiuto, akashanda nokuti Admiralty Shipyard. Sister Tanya, ZHenya uye Nina, vakanga vachishingaira vechikamu pakurwisana nomuvengi. Saka, Nina, apo paiva masimba, akaenda kubasa, apo, pamwe vamwe vazvipiri kuchera pemigero kusimbisa guta racho yokuzvidzivirira. ZHenya, achihwanda naamai vake naambuya, muchivande kupa ropa kuti varwi vakakuvadzwa.

Tania, kana ari kubatikana guta mukuvamba November ashandira chikoro zvakare, akaenda kudzidza. Panguva ino, zvakanga yakawanikwa zvikoro 103 chete, asi ivo vane pakasvika kwazvo frosts vakarega kushanda.

Tanya, kasikana, zvakare, haisi agere simbe. Pamwe chete nevamwe vana, iye akabatsira kuchera pemigero, kudzima "magwenya".

Nokukurumidza gomo vakagogodza pamukova mhuri. Wekutanga havana kuuya kumba, Nina. The musikana haana kuuya pashure nokutsamwa kutokonora. Pazvakava pachena kuti Nina havana kuona, mai vangu akapa Tanya imwe hanzvadzi mukabhuku. Zviri ipapo kuti musikana kuti gare gare kuti kupinda kwavo.

War. Blockade. Leningrad - the rakakombwa guta, apo mhuri yose akafa akabuda. Saka nemhuri Savicheva.

Eugene akafa kutevera zvakananga fekitari. Aishanda, nokuikuya kure 2 inochinja pamusara. Akapawo ropa. Pano kumanikidza uye pamusoro.

kurwadziwa kwakadaro vasingagoni kutakura mbuya, mumwe mukadzi akavigwa kumakuva Piskarevskoe.

Uye mumwe nguva, apo gomo nokugogodza pamusuo weimba Savicheva, Tanya akazarura notibhuku wake unotara rufu mumwe vadiwa. Nokukurumidza akafa Leka, nokuti haana iye kuva maviri musikana Vanababamunini, ipapo mai vangu vakafa.

"Savichevs zvose vakafa. Tanya akasara oga "- izvi mitsetse runotyisa Tanya kuti dhayari pfungwa rinotyisa rakanga akanzwawo vagere muguta rakakombwa. Tanya akafa. Asi iye akanga zvakaipa, haana kuziva kuti akanga ari munhu mupenyu pakati Savicheva. Yakanga hanzvadzi yake, Nina, uyo akaponesa munguva kutokonora uye kuendeswa necheshure.

Ndiyo Nina, yadzoka masvingo muna 1945, vachava Blog hanzvadzi uye kuudza nyika nyaya iyi inotyisa. Nhoroondo imwe vanhu yose, akaita chivindi vachirwira yekwake.

Vana - magamba blockade Leningrad

Vagari vose veguta, rakapona uye akakunda rufu, kodzero anofanira kunzi magamba.

Kunyanya heroically vakaita vana vakawanda. Little guru nyika vagari havasi agere uye vakamirira, kana vachauya kusunungurwa; ivo vakarwa yake yaakaberekerwa Leningrad.

Chero chiitiko muguta haana kutora nzvimbo pasina kutora chikamu vana. Vana vakura vakatora chikamu mukuparadza incendiary mabhomba, akatambanudza moto, Yakanatswa chitima makwara uye migwagwa, Assorted masarasara mushure kubhomba.

Akazosvika blockade kuti Leningrad. Vana vaimanikidzwa kutsiva blockade pedyo fekitari michina vakuru avo vakaurayiwa, akafa kana akaenda mberi. Kunyanya vana aishanda mafekitari, vakasikwa uye akavaka chaiwo yemapuranga chemwenje, kuti vanogona, sezvo vakuru, kuti ushande kugadzirwa pagondobwe zvigwagwagwa, atirari anoshongwa uye zvigwagwagwa.

In chitubu uye kwematsutso vana vakanga vachishingaira kushanda mumapindu uye nehurumende purazi minda. Panguva vachirwisa mudzidzisi chiratidzo kushumirwa vana, achitora kure heti, chiso pasi. Kukunda kupisa, tsvina, mvura, uye wokutanga chando, vechiduku magamba rakakombwa Leningrad akaunganidzawo goho zvinyorwa.

Vana kazhinji zvakashanyira zvipatara: kucheneswa ipapo, vakagamuchira vakakuvadzwa, akabatsira kufudza anorwara.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti vanhu vokuGermany nepavaigona napo kuparadza Leningrad, guta akararama. Akararama uye akapukunyuka. Pashure vachisimudza pamusoro blockade zviuru 15 vana vakagamuchira menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Leningrad".

Mugwagwa kuupenyu

Lake Ladoga - chete nzira, iyo akapa vamwe mukana kuramba vachikurukurirana pamwe nyika. Muzhizha yaiva chikepe munguva yechando - motokari chinofamba aizi. Pamberi Muchando cha1941 akaenda kuguta norudo pamwechete ngarava, asi Front Military Council aiziva Ladoga Ndinoda uye ipapo zvose nzira zvichabviswa kuvharidzirwa. Yakatanga itsva tsvakurudzo uye kunowedzera kugadzirira dzimwe nzira yokukurukurirana.

Nokudaro nzira rakagadzirirwa chando Ladoga, iro pakupedzisira vakatanga kunzi "The Road Roupenyu." In nhoroondo blockade Chengeta Date, apo wokutanga bhiza zvingoro akatungamirira nzira mhiri chando, aiva November 21, 1941

Zvichitevera izvi, 60 motokari vakaenda, chinangwa rakanga kuunza furawa guta. The guta vakatanga kuwana chingwa, mitengo yakanga upenyu hwevanhu, nekuti mberi munzira ichi kwave chokuita pangozi zvikuru. Michina vaiwanzokundikana pasi chando akanyura, achitora kusvikira pasi kwegungwa vanhu uye zvigadzirwa. Basa mutyairi motokari yakadaro yave chinouraya. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo chando zvokuti kusimba kuti kunyange vaviri yehomwe akatakura zviyo kana furawa muchina nyore kuva pasi chando. ndege nomumwe akapfuura iyi nzira yakanga umhare. VokuGermany vaida chaizvo kuvhara nayo, asi kubhomba pakati Ladoga vakanga kugara, asi ushingi uye heroism vagere muguta vaisabvumirwa kuitika pauri.

"The mugwagwa woupenyu" chaizvoizvo wapedza basa rawo. In Leningrad, akatanga muzadze zvokudya uye michina akatorwa kubva kuvana vavo vanamai. Kwete nguva dzose nenzira iyi yakanga yakachengeteka. Pashure pehondo, kana kuongorora pasi matoyi Lake Ladoga Leningrad vana akawanikwa kuti anyudzwe panguva zvifambiso kwakadaro. Kuwedzera ngozi thawed pamusoro chando mugwagwa, marori kuti kubvisa kazhinji pasi moto muvengi uye mafashamo.

vanhu vanenge 20,000 vakashanda panzira iyi. Uye chete nemhaka ushingi hwavo, simba romudzimu uye chido vapone veguta pavakafumomuka chii chinodiwa kupfuura - mukana wokupona.

Kuti tipone guta-gamba

Summer 1942 akanga akaoma kwazvo. VaNazi akawedzera kurwisa pamusoro fronts ose Leningrad. Sezvineiwo wakawedzera kubhomba uye kutokonora muguta.

Around guta maiva itsva atirari bhatiri. Vavengi ndivo matunhu guta, uye zvinokosha zvikamu kutokonora nezuva.

Akazosvika blockade kuti Leningrad. Vanhu Akashandura guta ravo rive nenhare. Saka, muguta tichiregeredza 110 zvikuru kudzivirira nzvimbo, pemigero Kurohwa zvakasiyana yakaonekwa mukana yokuvanda regrouping nemauto. Zviito izvi zvaiva chokwadi kuti substantially kwakaderedza nhamba akafa uye vakuvara.

January rechi12 Army of Leningrad uye Volkhov fronts yakatanga inogumbura. Pashure 2 Mazuva, daro pakati pemauto maviri aiva pe2 makiromita. VokuGermany akadzivisa yakaoma, asi musi waJanuary 18, nevarwi Leningrad uye Volkhov fronts zvakabatana.

zuva rino kwakaratidzwa nomumwe chiitiko chinokosha: kubviswa blockade kwakakonzerwa nokubudiswa Shlisselburg, uyewo pakuchenesa muvengi yokumaodzanyemba Ladoga gungwa zvakakwana.

Mhenderekedzo yachinja kuva mukoridho vanenge 10 makiromita, ndiye akadzorera nyika chokuita nyika.

Kana paiva vaizoitwazve pakati blockade, guta akanga vanenge zviuru 800 vanhu.

Rinokosha musi January 27, 1944 akaburuka munhau sezvo zuva apo blockade rweguta chabviswa chose.

On ichi auspicious zuva, Moscow conceded Leningrad kodzero pashure vachisimudza pamusoro blockade nezvibereko mafayawekisi kupemberera ndechokuti guta akapona. The kuti mauto, uyo akakunda, akaita akasaina kwete Stalin, asi kutaura. kukudzwa kwakadaro haana paakavapa chero mukuru mukuru vose fronts Huru Patriotic War.

The blockade rwakatora mazuva 900. Iri ndiro ropa kupfuura, utsinye uye utsinye blockade munhoroondo yevanhu. Its nhoroondo kukosha hwakakura kwazvo. Stifling guru rehondo mauto German munguva yose iyi, vagari Leningrad akapa rubatsiro runokosha kuti kuitisa akavhiyiwa zvechiuto mune dzimwe nzvimbo nechemberi.

Kupfuura zviuru 350 masoja-vechikamu kuti Leningrad Defence akagamuchira Medals dzavo. 226 vanhu vakanga paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union ari honorary rokuremekedza. vanhu mamiriyoni 1,5 vave paakavapa ari menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Leningrad".

Guta pacharo nokuda heroism uye kushinga vagamuchira honorary wenyaya Hero City.