Wevarwi Stanislav Petrov: Murume yakarambidza hondo yenyika

Rakabudiswa dzemitambo muna 2014 firimu kutungamirirwa Danish Peter Anthony Murume akaponesa nyika kutora chikamu Hollywood nyeredzi: Kevin Costner, Robert De Niro, Ashton Kutcher uye Metta Deymona, akaudza dzakawanda pamusoro zviitiko Russia pausiku September 26, 1983. Wevarwi Stanislav Petrov, basa mukuru "Serpukhov - 15", murayiro romukova mashomanana zana chete kubva Moscow, akaita chisarudzo, iyo wainyanya kuchengetedzwa rugare Panyika. Chii chakaitika kuti usiku, uye izvi zvinorevei yevanhu?

hondo chando

USSR uye USA, nyika mbiri dzine, mushure Second World War vakava vorongerwa vari kurwira simba ari pashure pehondo yenyika. Insoluble kupokanidzana mienzaniso miviri evanhu sangano uye dzematongerwe vavariro rinokunda vatungamiriri venyika uye kushaya munhu muvengi chaiye kwakatungamirira nebope nguva refu, iro vakaburuka munhau sezvo Hondo Yemashoko. Munguva yose iyoyo nyika akawana pachavo pedyo yatanga Third World yacho.

Rokukurira Cuban chombo dambudziko muna 1962 zvaiita chete somugumisiro enyika uye zvinoitwa Vatungamiri venyika mbiri: Nikity Hruschova uye Dzhona Kennedi, richiratidzwa mukufamba private kukurukurirana. Hondo Yemashoko Akaperekedzwa isati yamboitwa maoko rudzi, umo pakutanga eighties Soviet Union akatanga kuridza.

Stanislav Petrov, kwaitsigirwa kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu wevarwi 1983 kudzivirira USSR Ministry of Defense, vakawana mamiriro ezvinhu matsva kumativi yokurwisana pakati masimba makuru nekuti vvyazyvaniya USSR kuhondo muna Afghanistan. Ballistic zvombo United States dziri munyika dzokuEurope, Soviet Union pakarepo chinobuda Geneva hurukuro pamusoro zvombo.

Downed "747"

Avo vari simba, Ronald Reagan (USA) uye Yuri Andropov (November 1982 - February 1984) vakauya noukama pakati penyika mbiri panguva yakakwirira yokurwisana sezvo Cuban Chombo Crisis. Huni dzomoto akadururira mamiriro ezvinhu pasi 1 September 1983 ine South Korean airliner akatakura vanhu kutizira New York. Vakatsauka kubva nzira nokuda 500 makiromita, "Boeing" akapfurwa pasi pamusoro Soviet Union interceptor "Su-15" Captain Gennadi Osipovich. Pazuva iroro, zvakanga aitarisirwa muedzo ane ballistic chombo, izvo zvingaita kuti inosiririsa nyongano, iyo pave airliner pamwe 269 vanhu vaivamo rakagamuchirwa kuva ushori ndege.

Chero zvakanga, zvakaoma kudavira kuti chisarudzo kuparadza kutumirwa akatorwa pachiyero weboka wavarwi, kwaitsigirwa mberi Mutungamiriri Air Force uye Air Defense. The Kremlin akazviratidza nyonganyonga, nekuti muchikepe downed airliner akatendeuka vemutungamiri mukwikwidzi Larry McDonald. September USSR 7 chete vakaziva basa kuti rufu mufambi ndege. ICAO kuongorora kwakaratidza kuti ndege zvokutsauka kubva nzira, asi hapana uchapupu chokudzivirira zviito pedyo Soviet Air Force awanikwa zvakadaro kure.

Zviri pachena kuti ukama dzakawanda dzave vakapamba chaizvo panguva apo pabasa kamwe zvakare anonyengeterera Stanislav Petrov. 1983rd - gore apo mangwanani nyevero system (kwegadziriro chombo Nyevero) USSR akanga ari mamiriro kugara kurinda.

usiku basa

A rondedzero zviitiko pasi "Boeing" zvakanaka anokwanisa Kuenzanisira: mune chiitiko zviitiko zvisingafanoonekwi, kashoma kuti kana ruoko General Secretary Andropov vake yakadedera, vachisundira shutter kusunungurwa bhatani kuti kutsiva iri chiitiko yokurwiswa yenyukireya nomuvengi.

Wevarwi Stanislav Petrov, akaberekwa muna 1939, nokuva injiniya-muongorori, atora nguva basa iri panzvimbo "Serpukhov -15", iro kuongororwa kushanda zvombo. Pausiku September 26, nyika yakanga akarara murugare, nekuti kwakanga kusina zviratidzo ngozi. Pana maawa 0 uye maminitsi 15 guru sairini anotinhira mangwanani yambiro hurongwa, kusimbisa pachena pamusoro inotyisa shoko "Start". Chaioneka shure kwaari: "Yokutanga chitundumuseremusere kwakatangwa, rakarurama-soro." Yakanga nezvekurwiswa kuchaitwa yenyukireya pamusoro mumwe US zvigadziko. Hapana mirayiro sezvo kufunga mutungamiri, asi zvaiitika mumusoro make nokuda akatevera nenguva, kutyisa pfungwa. Nokuti dzakati, akanga pakarepo vanosungirwa vataure kushanda renyukireya zvombo muvengi.

No nokusimbisa kuona gwara, uye Analytical pfungwa mukuru akatanga kushanda kunze shanduro yekombiyuta zvikanganiso. Akasika kupfuura imwe motokari, zviri ziva kuti pose pazvinoita pasinei 30 bvunzo mumatunhu. Kumuudza kuti hurongwa chikanganiso hazvibviri, asi haana kutenda pfungwa nezvekutanga rimwechete chombo chinoita zvokukandwa. Uye panguva yako hatiripe otora foni kunoudza vakuru vavo: "mashoko enhema". Pasinei mirayiridzo, mupurisa anotora basa. Kubvira ipapo, nyika yose Stanislav Petrov - murume yakarambidza hondo yenyika.

ngozi kwapfuura

Nhasi, kugara Suburban Fryazino pamudyandigere wevarwi akabvunza mibvunzo yakawanda, rimwe riri nguva dzose pamusoro zvakadini akatenda pachake sarudzo dzavo, uye paakaziva kuti yakaipisisa iri pamusoro. Stanislav Petrov anopindura nokutendeseka: "The mikana vaiva makumi mashanu-mashanu." The zvakakura bvunzo - kudzokorora okutanga nyevero chiratidzo miniti ose, inozivisa chinotevera chitundumuseremusere kanda. Pane shanu. Asi iye musoro kurindira mashoko kubva kuona gwara, uye radar kugona kuona chafariz nemwaranzi. Hazvina kumboitika kuti nyika yave pedyo njodzi, zvose 1983. Events usiku vanotyisa akaratidza sei kukosha kuvanhu chinhu: mumwe kusarudza, uye zvinhu zvinogona dzikava guruva.

maminitsi 23 chete Colonel akakwanisa kufema pachena ndagamuchira nokusimbisa yakarurama rokusarudza. Nhasi, mubvunzo mumwe yaimutambudza: "Ko kana kuti usiku akanga asina chakatsiva kurwara shamwari uye nzvimbo yake yakanga asiri injiniya, weuto, vakajaira kuteerera mirayiridzo?"

Pashure usiku Chiitiko

Mangwanani panguva murayiro akatanga kushanda komiti. Papera nguva, chikonzero vachawanikwa venhema aramu mangwanani nyevero sensors: optics vakaita chezuva zvinoratidzwa kumakore. A kuwanda masayendisiti, kusanganisira akaremekedza academicians, kutanga yekombiyuta. Ziva kuti Stanislav Petrov akaita zvakarurama chinhu uye akaratidza heroism, ipapo kubvisa basa chikwata yakanaka pfungwa munyika, vachirayira chirango chenhando basa. Naizvozvo, wokutanga mukuru mubayiro akavimbisa, asi zvino pfungwa dzavo. Takaziva kuti nokutanga kufunga uye kuita zvisarudzo, iye yakatyora bumbiro. Pane scolding mibayiro kwakatevera.

Wevarwi aifanira kudzivirira pamberi mukuru mhepo kudzivirira Yu Votintseva kuti unfilled yetsiva danda. Hapana aida kubvuma kunetseka kwakaitirwa operative basa, mune shomanana, kuziva fragility kwenyika.

Verengai-kunze

Stanislav Petrov, murume yakarambidza hondo yenyika, asarudza kusiya muchiuto, akasiya. Ndapedza mwedzi mishomanana muzvipatara, iye ndokugara muchiuto dhipatimendi kubva mufurati duku Suburban Fryazino, akagamuchira runhare tungamidzana. Zvaakaita zvakaoma, asi chikuru chikonzero chaiva wake urwere, izvo zvakanga zvapfuura makore mashomanana, asiya murume mwanakomana nemwanasikana uye. Yaiva nguva yakaoma muupenyu aimbova mukuru, achinyatsoziva kuti kusurukirwa.

Munguva nineties, aichimbova mukuru chombo uye nzvimbo kudzivirira, Yuri Votintseva mhosva pamusoro KP "Serpukhov - 15" rave declassified uye pachena, zvaakatadzisa wevarwi Petrov, yakakurumbira munhu, kwete chete munyika yokumusha kwavo, asi kunze.

Recognition kuMadokero

The chaizvo ezvinhu umo murwi muSoviet Union havana kutenda hurongwa kupesvedzera pakuzadzisa zviitiko, kwakakatyamadza nyika dzokuMadokero. "Association of World Nevagari" panguva United Nations akasarudza mubayiro gamba. Muna January 2006, Petrovu Stanislavu Evgrafovichu chaipiwa ane mubayiro - ". Munhu chaitadzisa hondo yenyukireya" munhu sekristaro statuette Muna 2012, German vezvenhau akamupa mubayiro, uye makore maviri gare gare, arongwe komiti iri kuDresden akapa 25 zviuru. Euro kuti kudzivirira kurwisana nezvombo.

VokuAmerica munguva mharidzo wokutanga mubayiro akatanga atange kusika vhidhiyo uye dzomufirimu pamusoro mukuru weSoviet. Starring akapfurwa pachake Stanislav Petrov. Process yakaenderera mberi kwemakore nokuda kwekushaiwa mari. The mufananidzo yakabudiswa muna 2014, kwakamutsa hwakakanyiwa maitiro munyika.

American PR

The pamutemo shanduro zviitiko Russian mamiriro muna 1983 yakaratidzwa magwaro vakabvuma neUN. Anoratidza kuti oga Colonel CA nyika anoponeswa. Nokuti KP "Serpukhov -15" - handiro chete sangano anotenda achitonetsekawo chombo chinonyengera.

The forum iri kukurukurwa zviitiko muna 1983, apo nyanzvi dzakaratidza imwe pfungwa iri worudzii paruzhinji ukama, fanned vokuAmerica kudzora zvombo zvenyukireya munyika. Vazhinji zvinombokunetsa mubairo, mumaoko mu pfungwa dzavo, Petrovu Stanislavu Evgrafovichu, aikodzera zvachose.

Asi kune vaya funga kuitwa wevarwi Petrov unrated yekwake.

Kubva mashoko Kevin Costner raMwari

In firimu 2014 Hollywood nyeredzi iye akasangana navo huru hunhu uye saka azadzwa zvakafanorongwa ake rinonyomba pamberi firimu rikarira, izvo zvinogona kusiya munhu hanya. Akabvuma kuti anotamba chete vaya nani uye akasimba kupfuura iye, asi magamba chaiyo - vanhu, kufanana wevarwi Petrov, uyo akaita chisarudzo zvakakanganisa upenyu ose munhu munyika. Kusarudza Kurambwa itirana chombo pakuparurwa muna US parutivi shoko ezvinhu kurwisa, akaponesa upenyu vanhu vazhinji, zvino nokusingaperi kwakabatana chisarudzo.