Pasinei kuramba gakava pamusoro nguva panowanikwa nerimwe musha yekare, pane zvakawanda kana zvishoma vakatenderana pasi kuti zvinosanganisira maguta akawanda ekare munyika, umo upenyu akaenda vakaramba uye zvino navanhu.
Mumwe mukuru
Ndidzo dzinozoiswa pamusoro kunakisa mazita Jeriko, kwete kamwe vanotaurwa muBhaibheri se "guta miti," kunyange zvazvo kubva muchiHebheru zita rinoreva "Guta Moon." Vezvenhau vanoti musi kwayakatangira sechinhu kugarwa kuti VII remakore BC, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vakawana zvisaririra ndezvaJehovha habitability IX. Kureva, vanhu vakararama pano munguva Chalcolithic kana neolithic kuti zvedongo. Zvakangoitikawo kuti nzvimbo eJeriko kubva panguva yakare iri warpath zvakare, Bhaibheri riri kutsanangura wokukundwa muguta. Ari nokusingaperi apfuura kubva muruoko kuisa, last zvakaitika muna 1993, apo Jeriko akaenda kuParestina. kakawanda nenhamo vagari vayo kuruboshwe, asi nguva dzose vakadzoka uye vakavakazve. Zvino raiva 10 km kubva Dead Sea Jeriko nokuzvidira ashanyirwa vashanyi sezvo akapfuma wokukwezva vashanyi (somuenzaniso, paiva muchivanze Mambo Herodhi). Uyezve, ichi ndicho guta mukuru munyika rakasiyanawo nemamwe pakuti ndiro, saka kutaura, ndiye watinofanira nzvimbo sezvo riri mamita 240 pasi pegungwa.
Ndiani mukuru
The (ushasha uye dzimwe nguva akapikisana) wechipiri pandandanda "vakawanda mumaguta ekare munyika" iri muDhamasiko, guta guru reSiriya ano. Chitarisiko Its rinotaurawo prehistoric nguva, asi inova guta guru pashure nechisimba wechiAramaic, chaiko kune 1400 BC. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza maguta kuMiddle East, izere zvinokwezva. Nei chete Umayyad Mosque, nhengo mazita avakuru netemberi munyika, umo inochengeterwa musoro Ioanna Krestitelya. A guta saka kare kuti pane chitendero, kana rusvingo yokutanga yakavakwa panyika pashure peMafashamo, yaiva parusvingo rweDhamasiko. Town Old, izvo kwemazana emakore akawanda haana kuchinja chimiro, wakakomberedzwa pedyo parusvingo, asi rakadzikwa munguva Rome yekare.
Also dangwe
Chinoguma misha zvitatu ndandanda "vakawanda mumaguta ekare munyika," iri Lebanese Byblos wokutanga. Hatigoni kutaura kuti mune dzimwe mazita inotungamirira wechipiri uye kunyange wokutanga ukuru. Maguta aya matatu vavapo kare yendarira Age, asi sezvo kwakanga akaramba navanhu. Byblos iri mune Mafuro muBeirut. Zita reguta inoti kamwe aiva guta romuBhaibheri akaritumidza Hebe. Phoenician kugarwa kare raiva muzinda wezvokutengeserana nenhokwe, uye zvino ndiyo inozivikanwa nzvimbo kuenda. Zvinofadza kuti vashoma zvinyorwa zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza yekare, asati deciphered, nokuda protobibleyskogo tsamba mhando iyi haana maburi. Zviratidzo anenge 100, uye chaiyo hakuna kukwana. Date inotevera guta reShushani riri akapikisana, sezvo guta guru kupfuura ose yemazuva Siria Aleppo - munhu anofunga kuti ari VII remakore BC, maguta aya kwatova, munhu - kwete.
Nokuvhara pamazita "yekare"
Kuberekwa rinotevera guta yakatanga kune 4th chemakore BC. Havasi vose zvinowanzotaurwa zvakarongwa vanoda "The guta mukuru munyika" vanotaurwa Krymskaya Feodosiya, nepo muna Russia zviri vaiona "guta kusingaperi", sezvazvakanyorwa inobva, maererano nevamwe, vari VI remakore BC uye aimbonzi Ardabra . Chimwe gumi vakuru rinosanganisira nzvimbo akadai Lebanese Sidhoni (4 th. BC). Asiwo musi chidzoke yomuIjipiti Fayum (Greek Krokodilpolya) uye Bulgarian Plovdiv. Turkish Gaziantep uye Lebanese guta yeBeirut Mumazana emakore muduku. Next pachikwata inotevera maguta vanodudzwa kazhinji: Jerusarema, Tire, Erbil, Kirkuk, kuJopa. Vose akazviratidza emakore akawanda asati auya yedu, uye ndezvaJehovha "wekare".
Mukuru Russia
Rakajairika mazita vanoda "Ancient Cities of World" harisi chikamu Derbent, kana Zurich, kana Ningbo, kunyange zvazvo pamafudzi avo kanenge nhoroondo-gore 6000. Saka, Derbent (Arabic Bab al-Abvab - zita raro - rakashandurwa se "Gate Gate" kana kuti "gedhi guru"), maererano vamwe, yave kugarwa muna 4th chemakore BC. Iri ndiro Kumaodzanyemba guta iri Russian Federation akatotanga zvaiitikawo yendarira Age. Rakashandurwa kubva mutauro Azerbaijani zita rayo unorira "masuo Akanyatsovharwa". Zvinonzi munzvimbo rokuPacific pakati Caucasus siyana uye kumadokero kweGungwa reCaspian. Izvi guta rekare kwagara suo kune nzira karavhani nzira kubva Europe kusvika Asia.
Zvakare, "yekare"
Nokuti vanhu vakawanda, pfungwa Europe yekare chokuita zvikurukuru Greece. Asi Swiss Zurich apo yekare. Misha wokutanga ndima yayo dzakatangira makore 4430-4230 BC, kureva muna 5th chemakore. Pedyo kwenguva yedu, izvozvo akakunda vaCelt, ipapo musha yakava chikamu hweRoma, uye munguva dzino anotaurwa pasi zita Turikum. Chinese guta Ningbo, ine chokuita Hemudu tsika, iyo yaiva 5th chemakore BC, maererano dzimwe dzinoti, akanga atova kugarwa mune neolithic munguva. Archaeology hakumo munzvimbo, uye mazita akawanda mumaguta ekare munyika achapinda zita idzva.
Pedyo nguva yedu
Ndandanda "Guta rekare hwenyika" zvakawanda zvikuru kupfuura "wekare" nokuti 2 Millennium BC ndezvaJehovha evanhu vakawanda. Place nemisha yakabuda munzvimbo emakore izvi, anoenda mberi kuMiddle East. MuEurope, zviri kuchikonzerwa guta weGirisi yekare uye Roma. Munzvimbo iyi, vanoenda ndandanda "Maguta ichi- kugarwa munyika yekare," Atene. Notes pamusoro ichi guta-mamiriro, zvakare, kutanga mashoko nevakabva nzvimbo idzi dzaiva muna neolithic munguva. Asi Athens vanotsanangurwa zvakadzama, kubva pozdneelladskogo nguva, kureva makore 1700-1200 BC. Golden Age uyu mutemo simba kwakatanga pakati 1st chemakore, paitonga Pericles. Kunozivikanwa Zvivako anozivikanwa munyika yose, dzakavakwa munguva pfupi iri, iro kwazvo kudzidzwa uye inotsanangurwa Greek Classics vekare. uchapupu kwakadaro zvenhoroondo sezvakanyorwa pamapepa enhokwe inoshanda Vakhelida, Hyperides, Menander uye Herodes, pachine. Anoshanda Papera, nyika yakakurumbira vanyori yechiGiriki yakatangwa hwaro kuti "rengano" yakakurumbira N. Kuhn. Ancient uzivi hwechiGiriki, sainzi, uye tsika ndidzo nheyo ruzivo ano.
nyanya Pamazita
Mazita maguta ekare munyika vari kukuru kwazvo list, iyo anopindura peji vanopfuura mumwe, nekuti nguva kare auya mugumo muna dzenguva yedu, ane musi chaiwo - 476 AD, zvichiratidza kuwa Western hweRoma. Nguva iyi kwave zvakanaka kudzidza, uye kuvapo maguta akawanda rakanyorwawo. Naizvozvo, dzimwe misha anganzi kubva guru mazita zvose zvizivikanwe chaizvoizvo munhu wose. Mahuri, uye guta akanyangarika kubva panyika, asi ari kuramba nhoroondo uchapupu kana kuyeuka kuvazukuru. Izvi zvinosanganisira maguta makuru munyika yekare, Bhabhironi, uye Palmyra, rePompeii uye Thebes, Chichen Itza, uye muUri, Pegamo uye Cusco, vekare Greek Knossos uye Mycenae, maguta akawanda mune Asia uye mamwe makondinendi. Zvakavanzika matongo mumaguta aya asi kuti kugadziriswa. Somuenzaniso, akafirwa ari mumatondo pane risingazivikanwi Angkor - Cambodia dzine mabwe mwoyo, kuzodzosera akazaruka kunyika iri pakati XIX remakore, kunyange zvazvo nhoroondo yacho mavambo anodzokera remakore rechipiri AD. Kana riri pamusoro pegomo, riri panzvimbo kukwira pamusoro 2450 metres pamusoro pegungwa, hapana zvishoma inoshamisa Machu Picchu. Iri "guta riri kudenga" yekare iri kuPeru.
The womumhuri muguta
Taundi wekare Demre tichienzanisa nevanhu vanogara pamusoro apa pfungwa chete muduku. Kutaurwa nezvazvo kutanga ndezvomunhu V remakore (kwete chemakore) BC. Asi guta ngano. Anozikamwa kare pasi zita World, hazvina inozivikanwa kwete chete kujairika pazvivako, asi kutanga zvose chokwadi kuti akadzidza, akararama uye akava nomukurumbira St. Nicholas, aizivikanwawo Nicholas Ugodnik, Miracle Worker, aka St. Nicolaas, uye Santa Claus. The kupfuura chinoshamisa tsika yokupa Christmas zvipo vaibva chaizvo guta rino. The initiator raiva Saint Nicholas, bhishopu Myra rokutanga. Guta rekare Demre Vakawanda nzvimbo kukwezvwa.
Very akabvunza nzira "Demre-Kekova-World." Guta zvichengeteke zvakakwana Roman yemitambo, rakakura zvakakwana kuzotonga kukosha ichi chikuru yegungwa centre kare. Kekova - chitsuwa. Ndiye mbiri nokuda chokwadi kuti mahombekombe ayo kuenderera masvingo mungarava guta somugumisiro kwenyika. guta Very zvakanaka ano Demre, Turkey ndiyo musimboti wenyika homonymous province.
Very muchidimbu pasi
Wanda uye dzakanaka maguta ekare munyika. List zvikuru inozivikanwa ndeichi: Bhaibheri, Jeriko Aleppo, achiteverwa Sousa, Dhamasiko, El-Fayoum uye Plovdiv. Hazvina kunaka kunongedzera Derbent uye Zurich, iro "guta kusingaperi" Roma, uyewo nemisha vanoverengeka China yekare (Ningbo, Changshu, Changzhou, uye nezvimwe). Akanyangarika Bhabhironi, Palmyra, rePompeii, muUri uye Mycenae kupedzisa ichi zvinopfuura mwero mazita maguta ekare. Unique zvinotyisa Anozvirumbidza yekare Persian Persipol. Pane imwe nguva yaiva guta guru Achaemenid Empire, yakavambwa muna VI-V emakore BC, chihombe mamiriro, pashure yakakunda Aleksandrom Makedonskim. All guta rekare rakombwa ngano, kusangana kuti anonakidza zvikuru.