Chii arboretums uye botanical mapindu

Tinowanzofunga vanoshanyira paka kuzorora, kutiza kumhanya-mhanya uye kunyudza pachako wakadzikama uye rugare. Asi vanogona kusikwa kwete chete nokuda zvinotivaraidza uye zvinotizorodza, asi vo Somuenzaniso, vane tsvakurudzo chikuru. Parks ndiwo akasiyana-siyana kwemarudzi ezvinhu akadai dzakaitika, zoological, uye chirangaridzo asi munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro Arboretum uye botanical minda. Ngatitarisei kwavo chinangwa uye nhoroondo.

Arboretums: Definition

"Arboretum" muchiGiriki rinoreva kuti "muti." zita Latin kuti unorira "Arboretum". Arboretum - mumwe wenyika yacho Arboretum, iyo dzaizopiwa paruzhinji kutandara. Nzvimbo anochengeterwa kurimwa raro pakachena muvhu Woody zvinomera, izvo kuiswa zvimwe chikonzero, zvakadai decoration uye jogirafi. Zvinonzi kuzivikanwa kuti akawanda Arboretum ndivo botanical mapindu, asi pangava yakazvimirira dzakabatana. Arboretum akatanga kuonekwa maererano kukura munda iyi bhotani sezvo dendrology.

Cherechedza Arboretum pamwe zvikuru kusiyane muunganidzwa miti: Sochi, Forestry Engineering Academy muSt Petersburg, uyewo Main Botanical Garden Ras (Moscow). Kune dzimwe nyika mienzaniso inotevera mumapaki: Arboretum Kornik wokuPoland, ari Arboretum pana weKew (pedyo London), kuti Arboretum pamusoro Nikitsky Botanical Garden muna Crimea. Arboretum angava yakamanikana nezvechii, kureva chete mamwe miti inogona akura mazviri. Izvi zvinogona kuva siringarii (dzidzira kurima imwe Lilac) populetumy (yemishambangwena) kana koniferetumy Pinar (coniferous) frutitsetumy (nemiti) vititsetumy (creeper).

Pane mutemo Kazhinji arboreta zvose: yose pamiti riri pamusoro hurongwa hwaro. Kureva, vaya vari chete genus, achaiswa kudyarwa pamusoro penzvimbo yacho. Kushanyira Arboretum, unogona tinyatsoziva zvinoshamisa nyika zvinomera, pangozi kana usisiri kuwanikwa zvakasikwa.

Nhoroondo chiitiko

The muti chirimwa nyika hwagara kubatikana nebasa rinokosha, sezvo munhoroondo yevanhu aita zvikuru kubatsira vanhu. Muzana remakore rechi18 basa dendrology, asi ivo kungotaura kuratidza rondedzero chokunze zviratidzo zvinomera. Gare gare, masayendisiti akatanga kubata nezvinetso akadai acclimatization én miti, kudzidza genetics dzavo, uyewo kusikwa chitsva kwemarudzi. Cherechedzai rwakabhadharwa kuna sumo - pakatanga zvirimwa munzvimbo idzodzo dzisiri yaingowanikwa dzinogarisana.

The mabasa anotarisana masangano aya

Arboretums uye botanical mapindu zvine chokuita zvakananga kunyika dzine zvikuru kudzivirirwa. Ivo yoga chikamu nzvimbo kudzivirirwa, apo pane chinokosha chirimwa kuunganidza kuitira rokuvandudza nemiti uye zvipenyu. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanofanira kutakura kubuda kudzidzisa, kutsvakurudza uye ngavasununguke mabasa. In masangano zvemhoteredzo izvi kutanga zvigadziko kwesayenzi kuti nzvimbo mapurani, zvishongo horticulture, kurima, okusuma zvirimwa mhuka iri tsika, kuvadzivirira kubva zvipukanana uye zvirwere, uye zvakawanda.

The epamutemo hurumende arboretums uye botanical mapindu

Ngatitarisei anoona mundima idzi. Land pamusoro izvo pane botanical mapindu uye arboretums zvaive nokusingaperi zvimwe masangano. Mukati pazvivako izvi zviri rakakamurwa akasiyana dzichipfekeka munzvimbo: kwamagwaro, zvesayenzi, experimental uye okutarisira.

Natural pazvivako, arboretums, botanical mapindu vane chinokosha utongi pamutemo. First dzakatangwa zvasarudzwa Hurumende yeRussia uye varikutonga miviri Russian Federation pamusoro panyaya yokusarudza mvumo ehurumende kwemiviri iri nzvimbo kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza.

Vaya vanobatanidzwa panyika runofarira, vari zvivako zvakasikwa, ndivo achisungirwa kuita mabasa kuitira hurumende chaiyo kudzivirirwa. Botanical mapindu uye arboretums zvose kwematunhu uye batana kugadza. Mundima yavo hakubvumidzwi zvinhu zvisina chokuita kuti kuita mabasa avo uye vanogona zvisingaenderani kuvimbika maruva zvinhu.

Muenzaniso yakakurumbira Arboretum kuRussia

Dendrological, botanical anovaraidza nemapindu dzakapararira munyika yose. Vakawanda vavo vari Russia. Muenzaniso wakanaka mupaki kwakadaro kunogona kunzi Sochi Arboretum ndiro chikamu Sochi National Park. Iye, kufanana nezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana, anoita se muchengeti Green Collection. Iri mumwoyo yokuzororera, somunhu kwazvo nharaunda Zvigwenzi nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Kune zvinopfuura 1,700 rudzi pamiti, izvo inounganidzwa kubva dzakasiyana-siyana munyika.

Sochi Arboretum waro mapurani zvivako, zvivezwa namatsime sokunge basa ounyanzvi. Akazviratidza kumaodzanyemba yevashanyi mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, uye 50s remakore rapfuura yave reconstructed. Pari Park wakasima vanopfuura zviuru 2 marudzi vamiririri kasvisto zvenyika. It yagara akapinda mune kutenderera purogiramu ruzhinji zvevashanyi. Zviri dzinopisa umambo chinokushamisa yayo siyana zvekumwe zvirimwa anotumbuka kunyange muchando. Kwete kure kure, muna Adler muruwa, uyewo riri Arboretum "Southern tsika".

Ndeipi botanical mubindu?

Maererano nerondedzero, randakapiwa botanical mubindu International Botanic Gardens, ndizvo sangano iyo rakanyorwawo muunganidzwa miti mupenyu, izvo dzinoshandiswa nechinangwa kutsvakurudza, uyewo pezvakaitwa dzidzo, zvipenyu uye Maruva mienzaniso kukurukurwa mairi. Other tsanangudzo inoti kuti botanical bindu - munyoro nzvimbo, raakasikira chinangwa dziri pamusoro. Kuti pane musiyano pakati kududzirwa pfungwa iyi chete chokwadi kuti rinonzi ndima kana sangano.

In hurukuro yanhasi iri izwi iri zvaireva zvikuru akadzivirira madhorobha nomunda, inobva zvinhu zviri landscaped mapindu, girini rakanyorwawo muunganidzwa. Panguva botanical mapindu kazhinji anoshanda greenhouses, nemaruva, herbaria, nzvimbo dzinoyevedza uye madhipatimendi edzidzo.

The muunganidzwa mukuru Main Botanical Garden, riri muMoscow, kune mhando dzakawanda miti kubva kunyika iri Northern Hemisphere kuti havasi pakarepo kukwanisa vajaire kuna kujairika okunze kwavari.

Kana tanga akasuma Botanical Garden?

pamunda yokutanga botanical akasikwa ari XIV remakore ari Italian muguta Salerno, rakanga rakakurumbira kuMiddle Ages, dangwe zvokurapa chikoro muEurope. Mumwe chiremba akakurumbira ipapo wakanga Matewu Silvaticus, uyo aiva nyanzvi. Mumazuva iwayo, kwainyanya mishonga vaiva zvirimwa zvakasiyana.

Uyu murume wokutanga akawana botanical mubindu; ndicho vadzidzi mune ramangwana ringadai chiremba, kuti vazive pamwe makwenzi pachavo. The zita akapiwa mukukudza mwarikadzi weRoma uchenjeri - "Munda Minerva". Akava nzvimbo vakatanga kukura zvinomera zvinangwa yesayenzi. mapindu izvi vakazonzi kupararira Italy, uye ipapo akazviratidza mune dzimwe nyika dzomuEurope. Pakutanga vakaramba wezvokurapa wezwi, uye akatanga vasikwa, uye nezvimwe zvinangwa.

Basa botanical mapindu

In nyika yedu, bindu wokutanga botanical aoneka pasi Peter I, kureva muna 1706. It akasikwa kukura makwenzi mairi, uye zita chete richisimbisa rayo pfungwa - "Pharmaceutical Garden". Asi sezvo akanga akatakura uye mabasa edzidzo. Ipapo mambo wakasima munda larch, misipuresi spruce, saka kuti vaenzi kuona zvakajeka kusiyana navo.

Botanical mapindu vanodzivirirwa dzakadaro nemasangano yesayenzi. nzvimbo yavo akakamurwa sectors kuti anoenderana zvimwe okunze zvikamu. Nokuti avo zvirimwa asingagoni dzikamhara kusango, kuvaka girinihausi, apo mamiriro ezvinhu zvakanaka vakasikwa. Sezvo zvedzidzo masangano, botanical mapindu kuita zvinotevera mabasa: chirimwa kudzidza uye ndichengetedze zvisingawanzoitiki kwemarudzi. Kana masangano aya herbarium kuunganidza raibhurari mabhuku pamusoro bhotani, pane nzvimbo dzinoyevedza madhipatimendi.

China ndiro pakukura botanical mubindu, kukura kwakaita nharaunda iri zvinoshamisa. Zvinonzi vakayambukira ne 13 nzizi, pane makomo nemipata. Muna Nikita Botanical Gardens, riri pamusoro Peninsula pamusoro Crimea, kukura muorivhi, ane zera riri makore anopfuura 2000. Asi zvikuru guru botanical munda Europe ndiyo huru botanical mubindu anonzi N. V. Tsitsina Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow). Nechokumusoro pfungwa munyika umo pane chinhu chakadaro - ndiye Norway. In nyika yedu riri pamusoro Kola Peninsula.

mhedziso

Pachishandiswa mashoko acho pano, zvinoramba zvichitowedzera kukosha pachena zvinokosha zvivako zvakadai arboretums uye botanical nemapindu. Vanotakura yakawanda zvinhu uye dzinoratidza zvose runako nemiti redu. Muzvikamu izvi zvakasikwa, nevanhu, panzvimbo imwe unogona kuona mhando dzakasiyana zvinomera inounganidzwa kubva pasi pose.