Kolka rechando, Karmadon kuzvimbirwa, Republic of North Ossetia. Description of rechando. Dambudziko guru muna 2002

Beautiful hunhu, anoshamisa makomo, tekoizi rwizi, mhepo yakachena uye mutsa vanhu - ichi zvose ndiye North eCaucasus. Zviuru zvevashanyi kubva rose kusvika munzvimbo idzi kuyemura zvinoshamisa zvakasikwa. Kamwe zvikuru wakajeka nzvimbo dzaiva Karmadon Gorge (Republic of North Ossetia). Chinowanzoonekwa kunzi Genaldon. Wechipiri rokuremekedza, zviri mazita rwizi Genaldon, iyo inoyerera pano. Zvose zvakachinja pashure njodzi yakaipisisa kwakaitika muna 2002.

Canyon

Karmadon Gorge, mapikicha iyo makore gumi nematatu akapfuura akazviratidza pamusoro cover vazhinji nyika madunhurirwa, vazhinji pakuzivikanwa mushure raizouya rechando. Ndizvo chikamu Caucasus Greater. Rine misara miviri anoshamisa shava mawere. Kare, pakati pavo isu takanga anamapako akanaka, musasa site aiva, wakasununguka vanhu. Zvino kune dema, kufanana kunorasirwa marara rwangu, chirambe chakapfava guru. Zvino pasi rechando, pakarepo vakaviga zana matatu mana munhu.

The kunoshamisa runako rokumupata nezuva rimwe chete muna September 2002 rakaparadzwa njodzi.

Kolka rechando

Cirque - mupata rechando, riri munzvimbo yepamusoro inosvika rwizi Genaldon (Pool Terek River). Ndiye chikamu Caucasus gomo mamiriro kurutivi rwokumusoro Kazbek-Dzhimarayskogo kuko anonzi Colca.

Glacier Dimensions vari runako hunoshamisa: kureba - 8.4 km imwe nzvimbo 7.2 mativi makiromita. mavambo ayo, anotanga gomo pamusoro (kukwirira 4780 m), kuti rechando riri imwe kukwira ra1980 mamita. Kukwirira chando muganhu (the firn mutsetse) - 3000 mamita.

Kolka rechando ndohwaJehovha vanonzi pulsating mhando. Vari ichazivikanwa noku achishingaira uye dzimwe nguva zvisingatarisirwi muna zvimwe nguva muviri mberi. Kwakadaro Ice inochinja (Ira Champion) kazhinji achiperekedzwa collapses chando inotungamirwa masarasara Rwako. Ira Champion kazhinji nengozi.

Glacier pamberi njodzi

Zvinozivikanwa kuti Kolka rechando mberi katatu remakore rechimakumi maviri - muna 1902, 1969 uye 2002. Kunyange zvazvo glaciologists, nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti ndiyo inochinja siyana uye chando muzana remakore rapfuura. Somuenzaniso, "zimbabwe" kana "anononoka" Serge Kolka, akanga vachipemberera 1834. Asi ipapo haana kuuya guru dambudziko.

In XX remakore, kupfuura kunoparadza kusimudzirwa rechando hwakanyorwa muna July 1902. Panguva dzinza ichi vakaurayiwa uye matatu namatanhatu vanhu, vanopfuura chiuru nemombe. Akavigwa pasi chando Karmadon akakurumbira dzisina, akaparadza zvivako zvakawanda.

Rokuparadza mberi Akaperekedzwa ice-dombo mudflow. At kumhanya yaiva Genaldon Valley, makiromita mapfumbamwe kure. Kuti gore yakaitwa pamusoro makumi mashanu mamiriyoni cubic metres echando uye padombo anogona kuenzaniswa aine kuutio ine mativi mazana mana namashanu mamita. Kwakaitwa muaizi ikanyauka gumi nemaviri, uye muna 1914 mupata pazasi rechando Miley ndikabvisa pake. Achienzanisa sei vakaita Kolka rechando muna 1902, apo mwero ice-pavazhinjisa zvakapwanyika kuyerera yakasvika 150 km / h, zvinganzi nharo kuti mberi 1902 kwazvo zvakafanana njodzi muna 2002.

Muna 1969, ivo Kolka rechando vazvibate zvikuru kwakasara - mberi kwave ndokudzora uye haana kuita kuti nemafashamo nemigumisiro. Ice sangano September 28, 1969 akatanga, uye vhiki yakatevera yacho Kolka rechando akakunda vose gumi nenhatu zana metres kusvika kumagumo Maili rechando rurimi. Saka, ayo avhareji kukurumidza yaiva 10 m / awa. Zvino yava seiyi - kusvika 1 m / H, uye 10 January (1970) rechando amira. Over yose nguva rechando kwakaita makiromita mana. Akawisa pasi mumupata mazana manomwe namakumi masere mamita.

Muna 1970, glaciologists vave nechokwadi kuti kunyunguduka rechando chinofamba pedyo achatora anenge maviri nehafu emakore.

Hapana boded dambudziko

Veko vagara nezvenzvimbo Kolka rechando ngozi kwazvo. Izvi vakawanda kwazvo echando kuti akarembera pamusoro rokumupata, kuti vadzidzise vanhu kutya nezvedambudziko njodzi, asi glaciologists (nyanzvi, uchiona mazizaya) vaiva tsvarakadenga tariro. Uyezve, vagari vomumusha Upper Karmadon wavo kare aisagona kurangarira vamwe kufunganya zviratidzo pamusoro chikamu nowokwake sezvisingabviri. Hapana waimiririra kungangoitika njodzi ichaparadza.

Dambudziko iri Karmadon zvakandishamisa zvakakwana kuvatori vechikamu vese - nokuti Sergei Bodrov boka vagari vemo, kununura mabasa. Vanhu chinyararire aidaro zvisingakoshi zvenyika, uye vashandi vemo apedza vachipfura S. Bodrov. Ivo dzakarongwa kutanga mangwanani, asi nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana kwakaita kuti masikati. Around 19,00, sezvo mumakomo mangwanani zvikuru murima, vanhu vakatanga kuungana. Zvichakadaro, mune okumusoro kunosvika pakati rokumupata akatanga kuchinja, zvichiita kuti zviitiko hapana aigona akarota mune rwaityisa.

Dambudziko guru muna 2002

Kazhinji vanhu vanokanganwa zvakapfuura. Last aiparadza dzinza Kolka rechando kwakaitika makore ane zana apfuura. Sezvinotarisirwa, zvapupu zvakaona zviitiko hakusisipo, uye Republic of North Ossetia kunochengetwa mundangariro chete apfuura kubva baba nyaya vakuru vavo kuti mwanakomana. Zvisinei, muna 1902 makanga zvishoma kurondedzerwa migumisiro nenjodzi gore. Vakaita masayendisiti Russian uyo akashanyira Karmadon mupata chete pashure pokuwa rechando.

Nokufamba kwenguva, kuvenga vanhu nedambudziko chakatanga kupera nomusoro, uye pamusoro matongo rechando nemisha vanhu vakatanga kuvaka vatsva.

At maawa makumi maviri (September 20) pamubhedha ari rechando aenda Genaldon muna Karmadon kuzvimbirwa. Kureba kwayo kwakanga makiromita mashanu, ukobvu - kubva 10 kusvika 100 metres uye wakafara makubhiti anodarika 200 metres. Bhuku chando guru - mamiriyoni 21 cubic metres.

Munguva kufamba chando vakaumba sel makiromita gumi refu, apo yakafara anenge 50 metres, uye pakukora - 10 metres, vhoriyamu - mamiriyoni gumi cubic metres. Apedza zvaaida kuti makiromita nomwe kumaodzanyemba kwomusha Giselle.

Zvakaipira njodzi

Kuunganidzwa Kolka rechando vakaparadza musha Yokumusoro Karmadon uye vose panguva iyoyo vari kuzvimbirwa. Rakaparadzwa zvachose chivako chokugara chine nhurikidzwa nhatu pachipatara pacho "Karmadon" kunoshamisa zvinotivaraidza Ushumiri Ruramisiro Ossetian University, anopfuura mumwe nehafu makiromita simba mitsetse, matsime uye mvura yaunodya wastewater kurapwa chirimwa.

Mumusha Karmadon pasi chando akatendeuka dzimba gumi. Kuunganidzwa Kolka rechando wakatsamwisa mafashamu rakasimba murwizi Gizeldon.

kwevanhu vanotambura

Chakaipa kupfuura mugumisiro echando ari ichidzikira kufa. The Chimanimani ane boka S. Bodrov, kuzoposhera munzvimbo idzi akaisvonaka firimu "Mutumwa" panguva njodzi. Interdepartmental Commission akagumisa kuti pashure kuungana kwakadaro asina chaizorarama pano munhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, nguva refu ndikarangarira tariro kuti munhu angaponeswa. Vavhiringidzika hama vakatora Zvinoshingaira mubasa kununura basa, kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzakanga nechokwadi kuti kununurwa yatova vamwe.

kununurwa kwacho

Long uye zvinorwadza gore nehafu vaiva kutsvaka uye kununura mashandiro ari kuzvimbirwa. Zvinosuruvarisa kununurwa kuitwa, masayendisiti, vazvipiri kwave kusingabudiriri. Under kurema chando akawana namanomwe chete zvitunha. Pasi-mita zana guru chando kuwana chero akafa, ndoda vapenyu. Year pamwe vanunuri nyanzvi dzavo rokuzvipira vabatsiri uye nehama vakaurayiwa akararama. Kwavari, tariro yokupedzisira vairamba yakazara chando tanera iyo, maererano dzimwe shanduro, aigona kuvanza vanhu.

tanera

Nyanzvi vaitaura kuti pfungwa mugero asina ramangwana, hapana munhu aigona kurarama. Kunyange zvakadaro, hapana aigona kuramba hama vanoitirwa ', uyo akaramba kuti mugero akachera matsime. Under guru paiva echando vanunuri kare kugona kuwana aimbova mugero. matsime gumi namapfumbamwe vakanga akachera. Twentieth kuedza akabudirira. Mugero wacho pa 69 metres pasi siyana buri. Sezvaitarisirwa, yakanga isina. Pashure voukama vakawanda kusvikira ichangobva kutenda zvishamiso, vakabvuma kufa vavanoda.

Panguva kutsvaka oparesheni yakawanikwa namanomwe miviri. Zana nemanomwe vanhu vachiri kushaikwa. The vakatsvakwa yakaturikwa May 7, 2004.

Zvikonzero ichidzikira rechando

Chii chaiva chikonzero ichidzikira rechando muna 2002? Kune shanduro dzakawanda njodzi. Asi nyanzvi dzakawanda vanowanzomuitira kudavira kuti chikonzero chikuru chaiva gasi choutsi kubva rinoputika Kazbek (akarara).

Izvi hwakasimbiswa 2007 pagungano remarudzi musangano, iyo yakaitwa North Ossetia. Iye Vanodzidza akapfupikisa kutsvakurudza rwakatora shanu. zvinokonzera tsaona vave ainzi Karmadon kuzvimbirwa.

Masayendisiti kuzivikanwa kuti nhasi ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose munyika tichitarisa zvinhu zvinokambaira rechando njodzi. Massa akaburuka echando, matombo, mvura kwapfuura namanomwe makiromita mhiri mumupata uye makaumba dhamu guru, wakareba kwazvo makiromita mana.

Mumwe yakakurumbira shanduro, njodzi iyi dzinongoitika angadai kunokonzerwa vakawanda Madhaka nematombo uye chando neshure chikamu rechando.

Chimanimani nhasi

Rinotyisa mufananidzo ndiye Karmadon Gorge nhasi: refu ne vakabvisa "ganda" tunnels dema, akatema sechisvo, enzizi uye ivhu makomo.

Vladikavkaz uye Chokwadi, pamusoro nzvimbo nenjodzi, muri Zvivako mazita navose vakafa akaenda kurasikirwa pazuva iroro yenhamo zuva muna September 2002.

Mukupera October 2002, nomukova rokumupata Karmadon yakatangwa ndangariro dzose vakaurayiwa chirangaridzo ndiro.

A gore gare gare (2003) kunofanira kuyeukwa chirangaridzo yakavhurwa. Ndiye dimikira jaya, chando mune chidhina chando. The Monument rakadzikwa pabani, pedyo nomusha Giselle. Zvinonzi asvika rechando pano.

Muna 2004, panzvimbo paiva musasa vakazvipira searchers muna Karmadon akagadza ndangariro "Kushungurudza Mother", akasikwa ari zvokuzvidira. This Twenty-shanu-ibwe, vakauya pedyo rechando, uye pedyo - mufananidzo mukadzi akarwadziwa, vakamirira mwanakomana wake.

Veukama havazivi zvakadini zvichanyunguduka ari Kolka rechando, asi kumirira kuti zviitike, uye vachakwanisa kuwana zvasara vavanoda. Dambudziko riri pakuti ose gore utsotso DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA - kuwedzera madhaka goko panyika, iyo DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA kwacho.

Kolka rechando vasati uye pashure penjodzi yacho

Kamwe Karmadon Chimanimani mapikicha paunogona kuona munyaya ino, yaiva yakanaka dzisina nzvimbo. Zvakanga kunyanya yakanaka aro okumusoro rinosvika. Very pedyo rechando aigona kuonekwa "Glade Shelestenko" ane imba-pokuvanda. A zvishoma repasi Miley rechando yaiva Verhnekarmadonskie chafariz matsime. Captivates rayo maonero cavern mumutauro Miley, icefall, ari Kazbek rakaorera.

Colca Glacier vasati uye pashure njodzi iri ngozi chakakomba. Mumakore achangopfuura, iye zvakare anovaka pavazhinjisa chando. Maererano masayendisiti, rinotevera nokuungana angatarisirwa munenge nemashanu. Saka, iye zvino rinotarisa pfungwa nevatsvakurudzi.

Mumakore achangopfuura, izvozvo akacherechedza kuti Kolka rechando iri kubvunda nokukurumidza. Zvino vanamazvikokota akanyorwa mafashamo Koban Gorge - kuti "hunogara" kuvigwa muna 2002 Karmadon Gorge. On muviri rechando wakaumba nyanza, mvura izvo ngozi mumusha Saniba. Water chiine ngozi dzakawanda guru neyamapani misha, izvo zviri maererano Gizeldon River.

Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti kunyunguduka rechando Kolka aigona hakumbofi emakore. Hazvimbofadzi kuti mumakore ose aya, achava nengozi chaizvo kuti vanhu vanogara pano.

Masayendisiti akawanda vanodavira kuti Karmadon gomo mupata uye mupata aifanira riziviswe ndima imwe ngozi mukupera sixties remakore rapfuura, pashure mberi Kolka rechando. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa vanhu vakatanga kukanganwa nezvazvo zvakare nokukurumidza.

tsvakurudzo mberi

Masayendisiti dzichiri kudzidza Kolka rechando. Most ichangopfuura, rokumupata akauya Karmadon kutungamirira glaciologist nyika yedu Nikolay Osokin. Akapedza guru tsvakurudzo chirongwa musi nzvimbo rechando dzinza. Uye munzvimbo idzi inotevera zhizha kuenda mumiririri rwendo masayendisiti. Ndinoda kutenda kuti basa ravo richabatsira kudzivisa migumisiro yakaipisisa nomumwe dzinza rechando. Uye kuti nokusingaperi kuzoitika, hapana mubvunzo.