Infusorian mabhosvo: mamiriro, kubereka, kukosha muzvarirwo

Internet All wakazara nenyaya pamusoro ciliate-shangu. Nepo mashoko pamusoro mabhosvo varombo chaizvo, kuaverenga haufaniri kazhinji vane mukana, pasingaverengwi chokwadi kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana vagari madziva. Infusorian mabhosvo dzimwe nguva ndakanganisa kuti suvoek kana rotifers. Stories achiziva vanhu hakurevi sokuti chokwadi, vashomanana vaigona kudavira kuti pane munyika majemusi inoshamisa yakadaro.

Origin of zita

Zita ciliates anotaura pacharo. Chinobva chitarisiko chake. Chimiro muviri wake ciliate Stentor chakafanana gramophone hwamanda kana hwamanda. Chine zvakafanana ane zvakanaka kuwedzera gunde, izvo pakupedzisira anoenda panosangana uyewo chiridzwa mhepo. Zvisinei, infusoria akadaro chete kana kudzikama. Kana achishungurudzika, ndiko, nemhaka ayo tsandanyama fibers, kamwe yava seshumba chibharuma.

Freshwater ciliate-blowers vari mhuri "Blowers", unova genus Stentor (Blower). Name Stentor rinowanikwa ngano Greek yekare. Ndizvo mudanidziri, nenzwi rakasimba, raishandiswa kuti chiziviso wemitemo vamambo.

Stentor: tsanangudzo pfupi

Muchidimbu kuisa, chii Stentor, zviri akayangarara uye sessile ciliates. Ciliate-blower (rondedzero pfupi): rezasi ndechokuti reducible elongated hunde iyo anokwanisa pagomo infusorian kune zvinhu kuti vari pasi mvura. Izvi zvinoitika achibatsirwa ari madzihwa secreted Stentor.

Ruchifanoona hunde ngozi hwamanda mutambi pamwe pakukurumidza anotanga kutapudzwa, panguva ino muviri wake compressed. Kuti aponese upenyu hwake infusorian blower zvingaderedzwa mashoma zvikamu zviduku munhu wechipiri chetatu urefu! In kwokutanga nzvimbo, zvinoita anodzoka zvishoma nezvishoma nguva ino ine mumasekonzi 10. Rutapudzo anosimudzirwa pamberi mukati yesero tsandanyama fibers.

Uyezve, ine zvinoshamisa anokwanisa kwakachengeteka. Infusorian mabhosvo ane pamuviri wako zvisingaverengeki mumakomba duku umo maari zvakavigwa pamwe mazano dema, rine muchetura. Munhu, ndokurova zvombo zvakadaro mitezo pakarepo, pane zvakaipisisa nyaya, ikafa.

Infusorian anopararira panguva kumhanya. The Tsananguro ndiye nyore uye zvakanaka kutamira zvayo woita cysts mhepo waterfowl, tumbuyu, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu. Cysts vari akaumba mumwe tembiricha pazasi 0 madhigirii C.

chitarisiko

Stentor muviri ane maitiro fanera serin'i chimiro, kuguma pamberi awanda ari fanera. Hazvina peristomalnoe kusango nenguva rokunze kumucheto izvo batanidza refu dzavo cilia membranelly kuumba riri kumativi nemumuromo in.

Melenkie cilia pasi Kamudzira kufukidza longitudinal mitsara muviri wose ciliates. Kune mhando vane muviri chete yokusafa ruvara: hwamanda hwamanda zvitema kana zvitema uye girini.

The ciliates vari kukura kubva 1,2 mm 3 mm. pakuonekwa angava sezvinotevera:

• Mobile.
• Munogona kubatira.
• Colonial.
• Single.
• Kuchinja chimiro masero.
• Regai kuchinja chimiro masero.

Pamusoro sero akafukidzwa endoplasm ane siderogenous maonero, uye zvikuru batana nevamwe.

Infusorian mabhosvo: systematics

Kana tikafunga vehwamanda maererano taxonomy, ndivo nyore iri chikwata raznoresnichnyh ciliates. Sezvazviri dzepedyo, muviri wavo cilia mhando mbiri dzakasiyana - pfupi uye refu.

Short cilia, izvo zvaireva kuti nokushambira, Stentor muviri chakafukidzwa zvakaenzana. Long eyelashes vari pedyo muromo, munyatsoshandisa mumwe nomumwe. Vanoshumira kutungamirira mvura muromo yokutanga. No musiyano pakati pavo harioneki, asi kureba, chimiro chimwe chete.

chikafu

Nyore cho zvose upenyu mashandiro, kusanganisira zvokudya. Chete chikafu uye kuti kugaya pana Stentor - mubvunzo unokosha zvikuru. Infusorian mabhosvo inokurukura yayo huru chikafu utachiona. Pamwe zvinhu izvi dzinodyiwa zvakare majemusi diki, algae plankton nezvimwe zvacho mumvura. Kazhinji, vehwamanda, kutyora mitemo makanika, akawedzera dzinoshambira mberi kuguma muviri. Izvi anononoka inofamba unovabatsira zvinobudirira anopamba chaaida kubata. zvokudya Fine anopinda achishandisa muromo kuramba huro trubkovidnuyu. Residues pashure kugaya anomunzwira kunze kuburikidza poroshitsu.

Ciliates ari voracious chisikwa, iye aigara akavhura muromo wake, achingogaroudzwa dzinofambiswa. Chete munguva maberekero mwaka, izvi zviri wakagumiswa. Vazhinji vavo vanoonekwa nezvikara.

Mararamiro

Huru pamutemo nzvimbo dziri chinoumba Stentor. Vari zvakagadzirirwa nechokwadi kuti pezvakaitwa zvose muchitokisi anogona mberi zvakanaka uye nokukurumidza akaruramisa nekukasika. Ciliate blower ane inoshamisa anokwanisa nokukurumidza kuuya muviri yepakutanga chimiro pashure zvinokuvadza. Kunyange kana racherwa akawanda zvikamu, mumwe nomumwe wavo mushure mechinguva ichichinja kuita Stentor duku, zvino, kudya nokukurumidza, anowana yaro yepakutanga ukuru.

The chete chinhu chaunofanira kuita - iri pamberi mune mamwe macronucleus. Kana kutora donhwe remvura kubva dziva mashizha yevatadzi muriise pasi maikorosikopu, une mukana kuchengeta upenyu izvi vaduku vamiririri nyika mhuka roga ndiro inonakidza zvikuru.

Stentor: zvemukati mamiriro

In Stentor ane imwe contractile vacuole. It rine tangi uye zvichiguma channel. A maitiro aizoonekawo sechivako ciliates - huru makirisito macronucleus. Aimutevera, pane zvakawanda micronuclei diki.

Tinewo mabhosvo uye duku chinoumba, dzimwe nguva pachava akawanda. Sechivako ciliates zvinosanganisira zvichiitika zvomudumbu vacuole, cilia, crystals, muromo, zvomudumbu vacuole, bvisa nzvimbo zvokudya (poroshitsa), neerekitironi nucleolus, kuti contractile vacuole.

Ciliates mabhosvo: kubereka

Stentor mamirire asexual kubereka. Zvinonzi kuitwa transverse nokupesana akawanda fission kana yotunga kupinda maviri, izvo zvinoodza kuvapo svobodnopodvizhnom ezvinhu.

Kana asexual kubereka ndiko weboka nuclei zvose, mutoo panguva mabhosvo akadzokorora zviviri kana katatu pavhiki panguva zvikamu zvakasiyana. Mwero iri mhando wokuberekana kunoenderana zvakasiyana zvikonzero, zviri, pakutanga kwezvose, zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu: tembiricha, uwandu zvokudya, etc.

Micronucleus nekupesana kunoitika mitonicheski. Macronucleus pakutanga yakakamurwa uye dzinoratidzwa doubling kuti DNA. Kana vachigoverana ciliates vanogona kuchengeta zvimwe cytoplasmic organelles. Kazhinji, vari vemumapato vanhu vanenge kuzodzosera vakaumba eyelashes matsva uye muromo yokutanga.

Ciliate kunotanga nesimba kuti zvokudya uye kukura, uye ipapo Achiwanza zvakare. Masayendisiti ichiitwa vakawanda kuedza kupindura mubvunzo, rinhiko vanogona mhuka idzi bereka asexually.

Kuedza vakaratidza kuti mashoma kumarudzi muupenyu kutenderera ciliates anofanira kurara kubereka kana conjugation muitiro, panguva iyo vanhu vaviri vakapinda nevanhu mumwe dumbu. Panguva mhesano yacho goko urwa kuumba cytoplasmic zambuko. Macronucleus vanotanga yokuputsa ive 4 microcores core. Vatatu vavo zvakaparadzwa zvachose, uye wechina weboka iri hafu. The mugumisiro - paumbwe vechirume nuclei imwe neimwe ciliates.

Saka, pabonde kubereka kwacho hakuna zvakunoita kuwedzera kwenhamba Stentor. Iye chete hunoita kuti kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu nhaka zvivako uye kwaita anofambidzana itsva magene mashoko.

Stentor: kukosha zvakasikwa

Ciliates, kufanana nemamwe mano, kutamba basa ravanamukoti, mvura yakachena kubva kusvibiswa nokudya utachiona hunokuvadza uye kuora Organic mapfupa. By uwandu mhuka unogona kuona ukuru yakasviba mvura.

Stentor chuma zvokudya ndechimwe wokutanga zvinoriumba. Kana kuti inobatsira kuita akanaka ezvinhu, ivo bereka nokukurumidza, uye mune vadzidzisi zvuru gumi izvi nyore kuva zvokudya zvomusi hove duku, crustaceans diki, zvipembenene dzavo mazana reservoirs. Ekupedzisira, akavapindurawo, akava zvokudya zvakawanda makuru reservoirs mhuka, uye hove furaya.

Taura pamusoro zvisikwa izvi zvinoshamisa zvikuru. Infusorian mabhosvo, kukosha apo hunhu nhasi achiri chakavanzika, kumanikidza masayendisiti kushanda kutsvaka mhinduro dzose pamusoro chisikwa ichi. Zvakawanda zvichiri kuitwa kuti vazive uye vanzwisise zvishoma nyore.