Chii nedhaimani? Stone Diamond: pfuma tsananguro

Diamond - ibwe kwakakurumbira kwete chete asiwo chinokosha zvicherwa zvose Panyika. Agara vaiona uye kuramba chiratidzo zvakaoma, muenzaniso wakakwana ushingi uye imwe mhosva. zita raro rinobva mushoko rechiGiriki "Adamas", iro akashandurirwa Russian se "haufi", "risingadzivisiki". pane panyika vanenge 1000 mhando madhaimani, kusanganisira kwezvishongo. It sokunge nedhaimani, chii ehupfumi rine, uye sei anogadzirwa?

The nedhaimani kwakasiyana nedhaimani?

Hapana. Vanhu vazhinji vanokanganisa vanodavira kuti mangoda uye mangoda - izvi akasiyana anokosha. Uyezve, vamwe vavo kunyange nharo pamusoro pezvinhu izvo pamabwe aya chinonyanya dzinodhura. Cherechedza kuti kusawirirana vose pakati vanhu noruremekedzo kuti nengoda uye nedhaimani - zviri zvisina maturo.

Chokwadi kuti nedhaimani (Photo chicherwa anoratidzwa munyaya) nedhaimani - ndiwo mumwe uye ibwe chete. Musiyano mavari chete pakuti nedhaimani ane zvicherwa-anyatsoona, nedhaimani - zviri zvakaipa uye akacheka nedhaimani. Kazhinji, shoko "diamond" - chiFrench. Akashandurirwa Russian, rinoreva "anopenya."

Chitarisiko rwokuzvarwa nedhaimani

It sokunge nedhaimani waro yepakutanga chimiro? Pasina chinokosha chinhu chicherwa ichi vachatarira asingakwezvi kwazvo, nekuti penyika zvinokosha crystals mined muura enyika, kazhinji, ndiko hasha. Uyezve, akafuka translucent grey goko pamwe makatsemuka siyana.

nyanzvi chete madhaimani nokuveza uye makorari kuzvitengesa nedhaimani chaiye, achitamba zvose mavara ose muraraungu muzuva. Panyaya iyi, nedhaimani pacharo kakawanda vachava segirazi, akaita sedonhwe remvura. A yakanakisisa wechokwadi, dzichinyikwa mugaba remvura, achava chose asingaoneki.

Diamond. Description of chicherwa

Kubva esayenzi maonero, mangoda ndiwo zvicherwa anomirira cubic allotropic muchimiro kabhoni. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, chicherwa ichi inogona kuvapo nokusingaperi yakareba. Kana akaisa nedhaimani muimba inert gasi kana Vacuum panguva yakakwirira tembiricha pakupedzisira zvichafambira kupinda graphite. Huru zvakasiyana zvimwe ndiwo nedhaimani:

• yakakwirira kwazvo (pakati nezvimwe zvicherwa) pokuoma;
• The soro Kupisa kuitisa kugona zvose zviripo nezvishoma;
• akapararira;
• yakakwirira refractive indekisi ;
• yakaderera coefficient kuti kukweshera pamusoro simbi mumhepo;
• dielectric ehupfumi.

Diamond, inorondedzerwa munyaya ino, nokuti mukuru wayo pokuoma ane wakanaka mukurumari kuti abrasion. Uyezve, zvicherwa izvi vane yakakwirira kwazvo (zvichienzaniswa nemamwe chicherwa matombo) elasticity uye yakadereresa compression reshiyo.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha ehupfumi pakati nedhaimani anoonekwa kuti ake anonzi luminescence. Nemamwe mashoko, matombo anokosha aya ultraviolet, cathode ranzi kana chiedza uye tichiratidza mavara akasiyana, i.e., luminescence.

Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro ruvara uye luminescence of nedhaimani

Diamond - ibwe, iro kazhinji haana mavara. Asi dzimwe nguva zvicherwa izvi vachine munyoro shava, yellowish, greenish kana pinkish tinge. Very kashoma kuwana zvakasikwa mangoda dema. Kana zvishongo zvokusarudza, vakawanda wechitema nedhaimani zvishongo vane shava kana tsvuku ruvara.

Noruvara kuvimba wevasungwa ari kuremara mamiriro pamabwe aya. Color anogona kuvapo ari Hauoneki mangoda. Nyanzvi dzinoti kuti zvicherwa, risingagoni uchishandisa spectrophotometer kugadzirisa paine STRUCTURAL urema, neapo kazhinji kuvhenekera kubudikidza rinoreva siyana kuridza navo zuva. Ndiro migumisiro luminescence.

Jewelry mangoda

Kazhinji, nhamba mined madhaimani zvishongo munyika yedu hapana anopfuura 25%. Sezvingatarisirwa, mune alluvial deposits venyika chicherwa ichi mangoda dzakadaro zvakawanda zvakajairika kupfuura zvemo. Jewelry Diamond - a pemakomo chiwanikwa hazvina inclusions uye makatsemuka.

Nyanzvi dzinoti unogona kutarisa kupfuura chipenye kunonyanyisa mutambo ibwe iri kana kutema nedhaimani zvishongo. cheka wavo zvachose anobvisa zvose zvinowanikwa dzinongoitika kuremara, asi akarasikirwa anenge hafu yepakutanga kurema chicherwa. Kana uchishandisa chaiyo madhaimani nokuveza kwemangoda chimiro uye akavezwa mapapiro, cabochon uye nokukurumidza.

Diamond. makemikari anoumba

It sokunge nedhaimani tichitarisa kwavo namakemikari zvivako? chicherwa Izvi anenge 99,8% ine kabhoni. The yasara 0.2% - yakasiyana tsvina zvine maatomu akafanana:

• senitrogen;
• aruminiyamu;
• okisijeni;
• nesilicon;
• Boron;
• mhangura;
• manganese;
• nickel;
• simbi;
• zingi;
• titanium, etc.

Diamond. mumuviri ehupfumi

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, nedhaimani, pikicha zvatakapfidza akapa kwamuri, kungava Hauoneki (mvura yakachena) uye dzakapendwa ne luminescence dzimwe noruvara mavara. Muchiitiko chino, kazhinji kupenda vari vanoiswa anoparadzirwa, zonal kana mottled. Zvakare, kuti iri pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu akasiyana chiedza mwaranzi ruzhinji yemadhayamondi zviedza ruvara ose zvichibvira kwerima guru.

Masayendisiti akawana kuti zvicherwa izvi vane rakasiyana kukwanisa kuomerera mamwe mafuta sanganisa. Zvinokwanisika kusika mune ramangwana kushandisa zvikuru kuzivisa nzira mafuta kwemangoda dzokubudisa pa concentrators siyana.

Diamond. semushonga

chicherwa ichi zvinokosha rakashandiswa pakurapa. zvinangwa kubva munguva dzekare. Vanhu akavarapa chirwere chepfungwa akadai:

• phobias;
• huta breakdowns;
• kuora mwoyo;
• netsinga;
• kusina pakwakavakirwa kutya.

Vanachiremba lithotherapists vanoti, somuenzaniso, nedhaimani zvishongo anokwanisa kuchinja tsinga, vajaire kuti zvakanaka mamiriro. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chicherwa ichi anobatsira pakurwisa fodya, kunwa, udhakwa, kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka.

Zvinokonzera Mifananidzo mangoda zviri kwazvo antipyretics. N'anga kazhinji kutokurudzira kushandiswa nedhaimani sezvi- mudziyo inokosha kurapwa anotevera zvirwere:

• chiropa;
• bronchitis;
• kuzvimba mumapapu;
• kuzvimba kweprostate gland;
• siyana noutachiona;
• joini chirwere.

Diamond. Esoteric uye mashiripiti zvivako

Saka tinoziva kuti akaita nedhaimani tichitarisa kwavo mumuviri makemikari zvivako. Zvino tinodzidza sei kutaura nezvake-esoteric nyanzvi. Vanodavira kuti chicherwa ichi ndicho chinokosha munyika, asi zvikuru ngozi vanhu kwete chete. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti zvichaita chete kuita zvakaipa kuti muridzi. Careful uye zvinonyatsochengeta atinoitwa ibwe kwavo achamutsira maari yakanaka simba panyaya tenzi wake.

Kwemazana emakore, vanhu vakatenda uye kuramba kutenda kuti mangoda vauye vadzo ushingi, kutsungirira, kushinga, kutsunga, etc. Esotericism vanobvumirana. Kushongedza pamwe zvicherwa izvi, mune pfungwa dzavo, kudzivirira chaizvoizvo vanhu doro uye kushandisa zvinodhaka, kukudzivirira kubva zvakaipa ziso, kuderedza kusuruvara, achiita zvimwe zvitsinga.

Asi haasi munhu wose ari kudaro inonaka saka zvakanaka sezvo zvingaita sokuti pakutanga kuaona. Esotericism vanoyeuka kuti mangoda vanoonekwa kuti kare mabwe madzimambo, vapristi uye vanokudzwa. Diamond chishongo nguva dzose akashumira nokuda nechinzvimbo chepamusoro unhu. Zvinosuruvarisa anozvikudza chindori dzimwe nguva ingava hanya vanhuwo mukirasi pakati.

The nedhaimani uye nyeredzi

Diamond - ibwe, unova wokutanga muna nyeredzi denderedzwa. chicherwa ichi ane wakanaka simba, iyo neDare simba hazvigoni kuenzaniswa zvicherwa simba yasara. Kubva hwenyeredzi nemaonero, mangoda vanomiririra nyeredzi yose, ari tacit vatungamiriri nezvimwe zvicherwa.

Maererano venyeredzi, chicherwa ichi chinofanira kuva munhu wose akaberekwa pasi renyeredzi pamusoro yechinguva. Chokwadi ndechokuti simba rake zvemashiripiti anokwanisa kupingudza hasha, kushatirwa uye kudzikamisa muridzi. Chokwadi, mangoda asina contraindicated uye navamwe kwezviratidzo zvenyeredzi.

Mazango uye mazango vane mangoda

Kana uchida vashongedze pamwe akavezwa nengoda sezvo mazango uye mazango, Zvinokurudzirwa kuti kudzipfeka sezvo mezvindori zvaiva mhete nomunwe ruoko rwake rworuboshwe, somunhu pendant yakapoteredza mutsipa kana dziri mhete. Panyaya iyi, ibwe anofanira kubata ganda rako. Sedumwa nedhaimani achaita chete chiitiko kuti chinangwa wayo zviri zvikuru tsika uye vakatendeseka. Regai kupfeka madhaimani zvishongo sezvo mazango uye mazango nemhondi, makororo, mbavha, recidivists, scams, kutendeseka vanhu, etc.

Sezvo mined mangoda?

Diamond kuchera - nyaya, uye nguva yakawanda, sezvo chicherwa ichi crystallizes rokutanga panguva kutonhora jasi silicate uchanyangadika, riri mudumbu panyika kuti kudzika 200 km. Kumanikidza kunoitwa pamusoro crystallization pezvakaitwa ndiyo 5000 MPa. Zvadaro, pasi zvinoitwa nenyunje pezvakaitwa izvo pematanho paumbwe mapaipi kimberlite (20% wavo huri nedhaimani), zvicherwa vachaitwa kuti panyika, kubva vakazochinja kunoitika uye ayo dzokubudisa.

Vanodzidza kuti mabwe awa anogonawo kuwanika yakadzika pamatombo Earth, akadana eclogites. Hazvina kuziva kuti mangoda duku panguva yake akawanikwa ari meteorites mu kumbonyanya yakawanda. Diamond kuchera akanga akatakurwa ari hofori meteorite mwena, apo zvakawanda remelted mabwe nhaka inokosha mari yakanaka-grained zvicherwa. Kazhinji, zvokutengeserana deposits pamabwe aya chokuita zvakananga kimberlites uye placers. Huru nedhaimani-kugadzira nyika uye nzvimbo dziri:

• Congo (Zaire);
• South Africa;
• Namibia;
• Botswana;
• Ural;
• Yakutia.

Mangoda zviri Yakutia - Russian National pfuma

zita ravo rechipiri - Yakut mangoda. Pari lapidary mafekitari pamusoro Yakutia chaizvoizvo vari undisputed vatungamiri pagadzirwe zvicherwa izvi munyika. Nyanzvi uye jewelers vanoti zvose zviri kbps nedhaimani, riri mudumbu Yakut nyika. Zvakaoma kutenda, asi nhasi kunyange South African mangoda vakarasikirwa chinzvimbo dzavo dzakanakisisa mangoda munyika.

Mangoda ose Yakutia, mukusiyana yayo zvakananga uye zvikuru nomukurumbira vorongerwa anozvikudza munyika rarest kuchena: kusavapo makatsemuka pamusoro hukawanika dzavo, uye nemhando dzose inorema inclusions anobvumira Yakut nedhaimani nakisisa uye naMwari "mutambo" muzuva, artfully refracting chiedza mwaranzi. Zvisinei, pasinei kunobatsirei pachena, matombo aya haana zvikuru kupararira munyika yedu.

The chatingatevedzera mangoda mined kuRussia, Chokwadi, havafaniri kunzi kupinda mubvunzo. Zviripachena, chaikonzera achiri zvisaririra zviri dzematongerwe Soviet, maererano izvo mangoda zviri chaizvo zvinokosha chete munyika yacho yokuzvidzivirira indasitiri. Pari, 80% kuti mangoda ose mined yokuRussia iri aivigirwa reEuropean uye Western vepamusoro zvishongo muzvitoro.