Kubereka hydra: zvayakaita, unhu

Siyana kwemarudzi mhuka, akachengetedzwa kubva kare nanhasi, pane zvakawanda. Pakati pavo vane chinyakare zvipenyu kwemakore anopfuura mazana matanhatu mamiriyoni riripo uye kubereka - hydra.

Description uye mararamiro

Normal ugere mumadziva, Freshwater polyp hydra rinonzi rinoreva coelenterates mhuka. Zviri gelatinous translucent chubhu iri kureba 1 cm. Mumwe magumo, iro chepakutanga sole wanamatira hwemvura zvirimwa. Asiwo kune beater muviri ine muzvizhinji (6 kusvika 12) tentacles. Vanokwanisa ruoko kusvika masendimita wandei pakureba uye zvinoshandiswa kunotsvaka chayabata, iyo paralyzes ari hydra anopedza anobaya, it tentacles arwo muromo uye ikamedza. Zvinoumba hwaro zvokudya daphnia, mosquito mazana, furaya hove, Cyclops. Zvichienderana ruvara zvokudya zvinodyiwa ari kuchinja uye kupenda translucent hydra muviri.

Nokuda marwadzo uye kutandara pamusoro pamafuro-uye-tsandanyama masero kuti muviri anogona kuderedza uye thicken vatiitire kudivi uye zvishoma nezvishoma kufamba famba. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, zvikuru vari kufamba uye kurarama yakazvimirira upenyu hwakaita nomudumbu Freshwater hydra. Kubereka ko, pasinei neizvi, pane zvakarurama yakakwirira mwero uye nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.

mhando hydra

Zoologists marudzi mana Freshwater polyps. Ivo vakasvimha zvakasiyana mumwe. mhando Large pamwe threadlike tentacles, kanoverengeka kwazvo kureba muviri, rinonzi Pelmatohydra oligactis (dlinnostebelchataya hydra). Rumwe rudzi, muviri tapering kuti sole, anonzi Hydra vulgaris kana shava (zvakafanana). Hydra attennata (mutete kana pfumbu) zvakafanana mune chitarisiko kuti chechetere rose kureba chubhu ine duku, sezvo zvichienzaniswa nomuviri, tentacles. Green hydra inonzi Chlorohydra viridissima, saka zita nokuda kwayo manyoro ruvara, iro ape chimwe-celled algae, izvo kuwanisa muviri pamwe okisijeni.

rutoto Features

Zvinongoreva ariko uye anogona bereka zvepabonde uye asexually. Muzhizha kana mvura inotanga kudziya, ari hydra kubereka kunoitika kunyanya nokuda yotunga. Same pabonde masero vari yakaumbwa muna ectoderm kuti hydra chete mumatsutso, pakatanga kuchitonhora. By chando, vakuru kufa, vachisiya mazai iyo chizvarwa chitsva rinowanika muchirimo.

agamobium

Kana mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, kuti hydra inowanzopiwa inoparadzirwa yotunga. Pakutanga, pane zvishomanana protrusion pamusoro muviri porusvingo, iyo zvishoma nezvishoma ichichinja kuita dhumhira diki (itsvo). Zvishoma nezvishoma, izvozvo kunowedzera kukura, mutandavadze uye akaumba tentacles, pakati iyo tinogona kufunga muromo. Pakutanga, mukomana Hydra zvakabatana muviri raamai tichibatsirwa nhete dzinde. Papera kanguva, wechiduku muitiro anoparadzanisa uye anotanga yakazvimirira upenyu. Izvi zvakafanana zvikuru sei nezvinomera kuva kubva namabukira kwokutizira, saka asexual kubereka inonzi yotunga hydra.

syngenesis

Kana kuenda inowana chando kana mamiriro ezvinhu hazvisi zvakanaka chaizvo kuti upenyu hydra (pakaoma dziva kana mazhinji nokutsanya), iri ectoderm paumbwe bonde masero. Chokunze rukoko repasi muviri mugove vakaumba mazai, uye zvikurukuru anorovera (nhongo gonads) kuti dziri pedyo muromo, kukura dzisingaoneki. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane refu flagellum. Nawo urume inogona vakatamira mumvura kusvika zai uye mupfudze. Sezvo kurara kubereka hydra rikaitika kuwa kunoguma embryo nokufukidzwa rwokudzivirira mumuhara uye hunogara pamusoro pasi dziva muchando, uye chete nokuuya kwematsutso kachitanga.

Camadas masero

Izvi Freshwater polyps mu Kakawanda kacho vari dioecious (dzisingaoneki uye mazai vari aumba pasi vanhu siyana), hermaphroditism muna Hydra zvikuru hazviwanzoitiki. With kutonhora rikaitika ectoderm Tab gonads (gonadal). Sex masero vari kuumbwa muviri hydra masero zvenguva uye akakamurwa mukadzi (zai) nenhongo (dzisingaoneki). Zai afanane ane amoeba norutsoka wenhema. Inokura nokukurumidza, apo rokutora masero zvenguva dziri munharaunda. Panguva ichiibvira, ayo dhayamita iri 0.5 1 mm. Hydra kubereka kushandisa mazai uye inonzi pabonde.

Dzisingaoneki masero akafanana flagellate majemusi. Kukanganisa hydra muviri uye akayangarara mumvura achibatsirwa iripo flagellum, vanoenda kunotsvaka mamwe vanhu.

muchangosangana

Kana urume kushambira, vanhu pamwe zai uye kupinda mukati nuclei izvi kubatanidza masero vose. Shure iyi, sero anova woita chimiro nekuti pseudopodia wakavhomorwa. Kuvakwa pamusoro wayo pechiso chiine Hull zvinoshandiswa dziri yakatesvera panyanga dzacho. Hydra pamberi kutanga chando anofa. The zai anoramba mupenyu uye akasangana kuhwanda, kugara pasi dziva kusvikira kutsime. Kana wokunze inodziya, overwintered sero containment unoramba uchikura uye anotanga kugovera, achiumba zvokuvamba wokutanga intestinal lumen, ipapo tentacles. Ipapo zai goko yaputswa uye chiedza anooneka duku hydra.

patsva

Features hydra kubereka vanosanganisira vachiri uye zvinoshamisa kukwanisa kuwanazve, somugumisiro uko regenerated munhu mutsva. Kubva yoga chimedu muviri vanoumba dzimwe nguva asingasviki chimwe ramazana pamusoro zvachose vhoriyamu, zvinogona kuumba muviri wose.

Zvinofanira gurwa ari hydra, sezvo pakarepo akaparirwa pakuberekwa kutsva kwacho, umo chidimbu chimwe nechimwe anowana yaro muromo tentacles uye sole. Kunyange nemanomwe remakore musayendisiti kuitisa kumwe kuedza, kana nzira chienderane sezvikamu akasiyana hydraulic vakawana kunyange Semiglavaya zvinenge. Yakanga kubva ipapo kuti Freshwater polyp uye akawana zita rayo. Mano Izvi zvinogona aionekwa neimwe nzira hydra kubereka.

The hydra ngozi iri akwariyamu

Nokuti hove, kuva kukura masendimita anopfuura mana, hydra havana ngozi. Asi semusimboti mhando chokukomborerwa sei tsime muridzi vanodzirurira hove. Kana chikafu anopiwa yakawandisa, Unokanganisa mvura duku zvidimbu, ipapo unogona kuona sei kukurumidza kutanga kuwanda hydra ari akwariyamu. Kuti zvakavatorera zvokudya, kuderedza uwandu chikafu.

Muna akwariyamu, musha kuti hove duku chaizvo, kana furaya, kuti chidzoke uye kuwanda pamusoro hydra iwayo ngozi. Izvi zvingaita kuti dzakasiyana-siyana matambudziko. furaya First kunyangarika, uye nehove asara zvichaita nguva kuona nemakemikari kutsva, izvo kuti tentacles hydra. Ari tangi muviri kuwana mhenyu inosimbisa, akauya kubva muviri wechisikigo mvura zvinomera uye zvichingodaro. D.

Kurwisa hydra vanofanira kusarudza nzira kuti havakwanisi kuti kukuvadza hove mhenyu akwariyamu. Nyore nzira yokushandisa hydra rudo sechiedza. Kunyange ichingori chakavanzika sei iye anoona izvozvo tisina zvinhu nhengo. Zvakakodzera vasaziva zvose madziro akwariyamu, asi mumwe icho Inosendamira mukati girazi akaenzana. Masikati, iyo hydra vari kutamira pedyo chiedza uye akaisa pamusoro pechiso girazi. Achisiya chete zvayo nokungwarira kuti - uye hove haasisiri munjodzi.

Nokuda kwayo yakakwirira kugona zvichiberekana pasi akwariyamu hydra anogona kukurumidza kubereka. Izvi zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo uye kunyatsotevera akuteerere chitarisiko yavo nguva kudzivisa dambudziko.