Joachim von Ribbentrop: biography, zuva guru uye zviitiko zvehupenyu

Joachim von Ribbentrop mumwe wevadzidzi vakakurumbira vakaita nhoroondo munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Murume uyu anozivikanwa zvikuru sePresident wekuGermany wekune imwe nyika uye mumwe weAdolf Hitler shamwari dzepedyo dzeReich Chancellor mumakore eFührer ari musimba. Ichi chinyorwa chinozvipira kune zviitiko zvinokosha muhupenyu hweMutungamiriri weReich kubva pakuberekwa kwake musi waApril 30, 1893 uye kupedzisa nerufu rwekufa mumutambo weNuremberg munaOctober 1946. Kuti uve nechinje chakajeka cheunhu hweRibbentrop, munhu anofanira kutarisa uye kuongorora zvakare iyo inonyanya kukosha, dzimwe nguva nguva dzinotyisa dzehupenyu hwake.

Childhood

Von Ribbentrop, ane nhoroondo yaro iri pasi apa, akaberekerwa mune rimwe duku reGermany renhare yeWesel. Vabereki vake vaionekwa sevanhu vakadzidza, vaine fuma, vanogona kuzvirumbidza nezera rakanaka.

Amai, zvisinei, vakafa kare muna 1902 kubva mukurwara, saka vose vaviri vanakomana vakakurudzirwa mukutsamwa uye kurangwa nababa vavo Richard Ulrich Friedrich Joachim Ribbentrop, mukuru-lieutenant wezvombo zvehondo. Muduku Joachim akapiwa dzidzo yakanakisisa kwemakore iwayo. Nekuda kwekuti baba vake vakatumirwa kumativi akasiyana-siyana eGermany, vanakomana vake vaiva nemitauro yeChirungu neFrench kubva paudiki, uye vakavandudza mukoroji. Kubva kuna amai vake Ribbentrop, mudukuse, akapiwa rudo rwemimhanzi: kutamba violin kwakava chikamu chinokosha chehupenyu hwake.

Vechiduku uye basa rokutanga rinofamba

Kunyange mumakore ekuyaruka akakwanisa kurarama nemakore anoverengeka kuSwitzerland, England, America (New York), Canada, kuburikidza nekuberekera vana vanobatsira. Muchikamu chechipiri Joachim akagarawo, nokuti pakanga pave nemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekuvaka basa. Paaigara kuMontreal, akakwanisa kuzviedza mubhengi, uye semutungamiriri wekutakura. Zvisinei, sezvo akatamira kuOttawa nekukoka, Ribbentrop aida kutanga bhizinesi rake, kunyatsoisa mari muhomwe yakagara nhaka.

Mabasa panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yokutanga

Muna 1914, vasingadi kugara vari kure nehondo, Ribbentrop anosiya Canada uye anotumwa kuzoshanda mumabhiza anotungamira mutsara. Inorwisana zvose kuEastern uye neWestern Front. Muna 1918, sezvo akanga atova mutungamiriri wenheteti, akazivikanwa nekuda kwekuita kwehondo yake nekukuvadzwa ne Iron Iron. Nezvikonzero zvehutano, anotamirwa kuTurkey semutevedzeri weshumiro yakagadzwa rehondo, kubva paRibbentrop inotaura nezvekugadzirira kurwisana kwenyika ino. Apo hondo yakazopedzisira yasara neGermany, iye akazvipira kurega, achifunga asingabatsiri mukupikisana neChipatano cheVersailles. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa, zvisinei, kuti makore ebasa haana kubviswa kubva kuna Ribbentrop: yakanga iri mberi kwaakawana shamwari dzakaipa nevatungamiriri vezvematongerwe enyika, saFranz von Papen naPauro von Hindenburg.

Kubva mubhizinesi kusvika mune zvematongerwo enyika

Mumashure-hondo yeEurope, kunyanya muWeimar Republic, iyo inotasikirwa nehupfumi hwehupfumi, zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu, saka Ribbentrop anosarudza kudzokera kuCanada, Ottawa, uko shamwari dzake dzenguva refu dzakasara. Zvinyorwa zvegore anokwanisa kupinda muchikwereti kune zvinorehwa nekotoni uye kuti aite zvinhu zvakabudirira zvekutengesa, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kukurumidza kuwana upfumi nekugadzira vatsva vanoziva.

1919-20s akayeuka gare gare nechishuwo chakanaka, nokuti panguva ino ukama hwake nemudzimai weramangwana Annelies Henkel, uyo akamuberekera vana vashanu, akabatanidzwa. Iye anozivikanwa zvikuru kune avo achava mune ramangwana mumwe wevanakomana - Rudolf Ribbentrop, iyo yakanyorwa panoperera nyaya yacho.

Imba yemhuri yakange iri inofara, uye inobatsira zvikuru, zvakare, sezvo Baba Anneliesz vakapa mukwambo wake nzvimbo yekubatana nemuridzi webazi rake rebazi muBerlin, iyo inotenga uye inopa waini kubva kune imwe nyika. Iri bhizinesi rakabatsira Joachim von Ribbentrop muna 1924 kuti azarurire kambani yake yekutengesa kune doro rinotengeswa "Schoenberg uye Ribbentrop." Kambani iyi yakatanga kutora mari yakawanda, iyo yakabvumira muridzi wayo kubatana nechepamusoro yeBerlin.

Muchikamu chechipiri chema1920, Ribbentrop akadzorerwa kusangana naReich Chancellor Franz von Papen. Mukufananidza, iye, achivimba nesimba rake uye simba rake, anogadzirisa basa rekushandura mutemo wenyika yake yekuzvarwa, iyo yakaderera mumakore.

Kuziva naAdolf Hitler nekubatana ne NSDAP

Von Ribbentrop akanyatsoona Chibvumirano cheVersailles, icho, mumaonero ake, chakaparadza uye chakamanikidza Weimar Republic. Achiziva kuti hurumende yakadaro ine mutemo wayo usina kujeka uye kuchinja kwakakurumidza kweReich Chancellors haikwanise kurwisa zvose zvinyorwa zveMadokero nekupararira kweBolshevism, anopa tsitsi dzake kune National Socialists.

Yakanga iri mushure mekuzivana naHitler uye zvirongwa zvake zveGermany kuti von Ribbentrop akabatanidza pamwe neboka rake rose uye SS, achiva Standartenfiihrer, ndokutanga kufambisa mberi Fuhrer kusvika kunzvimbo yeReich Chancellor munzvimbo yaPaul von Hindenburg. Nokuda kweizvi, akaronga huwandu hwekukurukurirana pakati pevatungamiri vemazuva ano uye vanogona kunge varipo, uye nokuda kwemisangano yavo yakapa imba yake muDahlem. Mukuwedzera, mabhizinesi nevarume vakapfuma veGermany vaibatsirawo kwaari: Joachim von Ribbentrop akavakurudzira nounyanzvi kuti vabatsire mune zvemari vatsigiri vemarudzi. Nokudaro, zvinogona kubvumirwa kuti Hitler akapiwa ruzivo rwakakura uye rwemweya kubva kuNational Socialist yakangobva kuitwa. Nokuti Hitler uyu, atora simba risingagumi, akamugadza kuti ave mutungamiri wenyika.

Kutanga kupindirana kwemakwikwi

Iyo Fuhrer haina kuisa chivimbo kuRibbentrop nemabasa akawanda anokosha, sezvaainzwisisa kuti murume uyu akasiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzezvematongerwo enyika. Mutungamiri wake ainyatsonzwisisa muchiChirungu neFrench, aive nemafungiro emafungiro, zvematongerwo enyika eEngland neFrance. Hitler aigara achikurukura nezvehukama nenyika idzi neRibbentrop ndokumutumira kuLondon neParis nemishando yakasiyana-siyana, somuenzaniso iyo yakabatana nekudzivirira. Uye kana kukurukurirana neFrance kwakundikana, kubva kuGreat Britain akaunza Hitler muna 1935 chibvumirano icho chikamu chakakosha chemaChirungu nemaGermany chakagadzirirwa 100: 35, uye mikana yekuvandudza hukama hwehukama pakati penyika.

Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana hachikwanisi kutaura nezvekusika kwezvinonzi Ribbentrop Bureau, avo vavariro dzaive kudzidzisa vashandi vezvematongerwo enyika kuti vagadzire hurumende itsva, uyewo kukudziridza mazano ehurumende kune dzimwe nyika uye zvirongwa zveGermany. Ribbentrop akamutungamirira iye pachedu, saka hazvishamisi kuti pakati pevamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vaive nevanozvarwa vashoma veSSS. Gare gare, vese vashandi veChipatimendi Chekune dzimwe nyika pamitemo yake vachabatanidzwa mune izvi zvidziviriro.

Chimwe chakanaka chaVibbentrop chaiva kupedzisa muna 1936-37 yeAnti-Comintern Pact neJapan neItaly nokuda kwekubatana kwekodzero yekomonisiti kubva kuEast. Kubatanidzwa kwenyika idzi kwakasara kusvikira pakuguma kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri uye kusvikira kuedza kokupedzisira kudzivirira Communism mune ipi zvayo yekuratidzwa kwayo.

New Imperial Minister of Foreign Affairs

Muna 1938, Ribbentrop akagamuchira mutevedzeri weMutungamiri weZvenyika Dzepasi Pose, achiva mutsigiri weVez Neurath. Kubvira panguva ino ukama hwake nevamwe vake hwakaderera. Chokutanga, haana kubvumira kuzvimiririra zvakanyanya munhau dzedzimwe nyika, iyo yakashandiswa zvisina kufanira naReichsführer SS Himmler kana reReichsleiter Rosenberg. Nguva dzose, mhirizhonga yakawanda yakavapo pakati pavo pamusoro peMasons, machechi, nyika dzeScandinavia, vaJudha, nezvimwewo.

Chechipiri, vazhinji vakatsiura mushumiri mutsva mukunyomba pamberi paHitler, asingakwanisi kudzivirira zvaaida. Ribbentrop pachake (memo yakanyorwa naye muna 1946, izvi zvinotsigira) chikamu chakabvuma izvi, achitsanangura kuti Fuhrer akanga ari munhu ane simba uye ane tsvimbo yekuti kunyange vanhu vanoramba varipo uye vanoramba vachimutevera vanomuteerera, vachitya kumupikisa. Kunyange zvakadaro, akazviruramisa nekutaura kwekuti Hitler aida kutora zvisarudzo, uye kwete kubva Ribbentrop akanga asingakwanisi kumuita.

Prewar mabasa

Muchigaro chake chitsva, mushumiri wekune dzimwe nyika aiva nemabasa akawanda: Austria, Memel, Sudetenland neDanzig. Ribbentrop yakatsigira zvakakwana Fuehrer mukuedza kuwedzera Austria neSudeten Germans kune Reich, saka akaisa mari iyi mune simba rakawanda: akaronga misangano neAustria ambassador, akakurukura hurukuro neBritain Prime Minister Chamberlain, vakabatanidzwa mukugadzirira kwechibvumirano cheMunich. Izvo zvakanga zvisiri kunze kwechisimba, gare gare akapomerwa mhosva yekutambudzwa kwevaJudha, nokuti iye, saHitler, aida kuparadzwa kwake. NezvePoland, mumashoko ake von Ribbentrop anotaura kuti akanga asingazivi nezvegadziriro yehondo pamwe chete naye uye akashandisa matarenda ake ose ezvematongerwo enyika nokuda kwekugadzirisa rugare kune dzimwe nyaya. Zvisinei, izvozvi zvinotaura zvakasiyana, nokuti haaigona kuona zvisati zvaitika hondo yePoles nekuda kwechinzvimbo chake.

Ukama neUnited States munguva yehondo

Mutungamiri wekudzorerwa kwehukama nekutaurirana pakati pezve nyika mbiri akanga ari Joachim von Ribbentrop, uyo akatora nguva yakafuridzira Hitler wekudiwa kwekugadzirisa hukama neSoviet Union. Mukuona kwake, izvi zvingadai zvakabvumira rusununguko rweRussia mune zvekuitika nehondo nePoland, kugumisa kushandiswa kwemari yekubatsira, uyewo zvakanyanya kuvimba kuti vaone nyika dzeWestern. Mushure mokukumbira zvizhinji zvehurukuro, Stalin akabvuma kusangana neGermany plenipotentiary. Pasinei nemafungiro anopikisana nemakomunisti, Führer akatumira basa reRibbentrop kuU.SR, nokuti iye pachake akanyora chiGerman-Russian Non-Aggression Pact uye akazvipira zvakasimba kuisaina.

Mugumo webasa iri chibvumirano cheMlotov-Ribbentrop cheAugust 23, 1939

Ichi chakaitika munhau pamwe nemakakatanwa akawanda anoenda naro kusvikira nhasi. Muzvokwadi, hazvisi nyore kutsanangura nzira yekubudirira kwekusagadzikana kwepasina, iyo mativi maviri aifarira, yakava hondo yakawanda yeropa. Zvisinei, muna 1939 hapana Germany kana USSR yakaronga kupindira kwemauto mune imwe sarudzo yemumwe nemumwe; asi, iyo yakanga isiri ushamwari hwakatangwa pakati penyika (mukuona kwekuchengetedzwa kwemafungiro akasiyana-siyana), asi hukama hunobatsira. Sezvo mutungamiri wekuGermany wekune imwe nyika akanyora mubhuku rake, dhipatimendi ravo rezvematongerwe enyika rakange rine chimiro chakaipa cheSoviet Union, Stalin naStalin vakaona sechimiro chengano. Ribbentrop haana kutarisira kugamuchirwa kwakadaro uye kwakasununguka kwakapiwa kwaari, uye People's Commissar yeZvenyika Zenyika Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov uye mutungamiri weSoviet Union vaishamisika vanobvumirana uye vanovhiringidzika mune zvematongerwo enyika. Nokudaro, Germany neSoviet Union vakabvumira kusawirirana mune zvakaitika kana rumwe rutivi rwunopinda muhondo uye rakasiyiwa kunze kwechisimba pakurwisana.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, chivande chakavanzika chaMolotov-Ribbentrop chakasayirwa chakaparadzanisa Eastern Europe uye Baltic inotaura kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinofarira. IU.SR yakatora nyika dzakawanda dzeBaltic, Finland, Bessarabia, uye Lithuania uye kumavirira kwePoland yakadzokera kuGermany. Gare gare, musi waSeptember 28, mutsara wekutarisa pakati pavo mushure mokunge hondo yeGermany nePoland yakagadziriswa uye yakagadzirirwa muChipatano Cheshamwari neMiganhu. Kudyidzana kwezvemari kwakagadzirwawo: Soviet Union yakapa maJalimane ane zvigadzirwa zvekushandisa zvakakodzera, uye mukudzoka yakagamuchira ruzivo pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvavo zvekugadzira, mararamiro emotokari, nezvimwewo.

Ribbentrop mukutanga kwema1940s

Nekukaka kwehondo yekurwisana neU.SR, kusagadzikana kwakawanda kwakavapo pakati paHitler neHurumende yezvekunze, izvo zvakatungamirira pakuziva kuti Mutungamiri wekune dzimwe nyika pamwechete nedhipatimendi rake vakanga vakanyatsoparadzaniswa kubva kune mutemo muEast. Von Ribbentrop anorasikirwa nemafungiro ake panguva ino, kuwedzerwa nzvimbo yake inopesana nechinzvimbo cheFuhrer. Izvi zvinotungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti muna 1945 iye pachake anozvitsaurira kubva kumufundisi. Mushure mokukundwa kweGermany, iye nemhuri yake vanovanda muHamburg, pavanomusunga.

The Nuremberg Trials

Musi waOctober 16, 1946, kuurawa kwevatongi veGermany vakaverengwa, vakawanikwa vane mhaka yezvakaipa zvekurarama norugare, mukuputsa kwakasiyana kwemauto ehondo. Ribbentrop nokuda kwemabasa ake asina kukodzera aifanira kurangwa nekurembera. Makuva ake haana kuchengetedzwa, nokuti madota akapararira.

Prolongers of the genus

Mushure mokufa kwake, mudzimai wake Annelies Henkel akabudiswa muna 1953 mhemberero yemurume wake, akagadziridzwa uye akavatsigira nemashoko anodiwa. Kutaura nezvevana, mwanakomana waRibbentrop Rudolf anozivikanwa zvikuru. Iye, achiva nhengo yehutano hweSSS, akaita zvehondo muPoland neFrance. Iye muhondo yehondo yekurwisa USSR, akarwisana kuchamhembe kweSoviet Union uye pedyo neKharkov vasati vazvipira kune veAmerica. Muna 2015, akabudisa bhuku rinonzi "Baba vangu Joachim von Ribbentrop. "Usambopikisana neRussia!" "Uye akatoita mharidzo muRussia. Vana uye vazukuru vane nguva yakaoma kuva nezita rechibaba chababa vavo uye sekuru, asi vanozvitakura neruremekedzo munzanga yanhasi. Somuenzaniso, muzukuru weRibbentrop, Dominic, achishanda semutengesi akachengeteka, zvidzidzo zvakadzika magwaro ezvakaitika panguva dzehondo, anozviona pachake akasungirwa kuziva chokwadi chose pamusoro penguva iyoyo.