Chii kaunda-kuchinja uye zviri kuitika mu Russia

Mwanakomana Alexander II rechipiri akatora chigaro pashure pokufa kwake mukoma. Haana akagadzirira kutonga, pasinei ichi, kwake muna Russia kwakaratidzwa nezviitiko zvakawanda kuti akatora zvikuru dzinopesana nemigumisiro. Alexander III rishaye akarurama uye democratic nebudiriro munyika. Zvaive munguva Russia wake vakadzidza chii munhu pakaunda-zvinhu uye akarwadziwa nemigumisiro yacho kuchinja hurumende.

Nokuumbwa zvinotendwa vamambo

Political maonero Alexander III yakaumbwa pasi simba simba muchengeti wake uye chipangamazano K. Pobedonostsev. Izvi enyika arambwa vaishora kutanga wokuRussia mafungiro Western Europe evanhu tsika. Hurumende Local akasarangarira basa, unhu hwavo - "kutaura chitoro", kubva izvo zvinofanira kubvisa. Vanhu, kunzwisisa Pobedonostsev anofanira kuenda baba-changamire. Kudikanwa tirambe munharaunda yacho Russian Empire autocracy chipangamazano changamire aionekwa chete zvakarurama mutemo, uye chero yakatsauka kubva kosi, maererano naye, aizoparadza pehurumende uye kuwisira nyika nyonganyonga.

Pamwe ramangwana mambo haana zvinombokunetsa dzidziso Pobedonostsev, asi kupondwa baba vake, Alexander II, vakasundidzira mutongi autocratic kuti inonzwisisika mhedziso. Alexander III akafunga kuti mazvake vanhu Russian hazvibviri, uye magariro kuchinja - vane ngozi uye kutungamirira mhirizhonga.

The enyika nenzira Alexander III

The chikuru zvichemo zvematongerwo weboka Alexander III vaiva sezvinotevera:

• Nokusimbaradza autocracy, nokusimbaradza kudzora kuchengetwa vanhu vakaderera kurongeka, pakuwedzerwa anokudzwa ropafadzo kirasi.
• Kubviswa kubva pasimba akarurama enyika.
• Enyika Russia akatanga kuwana zvinhu chomupurisa mamiriro. Counter-kuchinja Alexander III kwakakonzera kwaita Security dhipatimendi. mapurisa The chevaux kuti chakavanzika akatarisa enyika mwoyo vaanotonga, dzinodzorwa, uye kana zvakakodzera - uye kudzivirira kunaka basa pasina kutongwa.

• Active Russification pamusoro pamafuro yenyika uye achangobva yakatora nenharaunda. chiyero ichi chaiva kuparadza chero kuedza kudzorera nyika yavo rusununguko uye zvitupa. Rairambidzwa pfungwa National mabhuku, tsika uye uri - National manhamba pachayo vakaziva kuti ichi pakaunda-kuchinja uye chii vari nemigumisiro yayo.

Zvinhu uye kaunda-kuchinja Alexander III hazvina kumutadzisa kupedza chaizvo nemaonero yokumwe mitemo mutsetse. Nyaya akadana vanoyananisa, sezvo vanosarudza norugare zvinetso zvakananga nemauto kupindira. Panguva imwe cheteyo Mambo Russia haana kuitisa akavhiyiwa zvechiuto uye haana kupinda kubatana zvechiuto.

kaunda-nadzurudzo nguva

Kupikiswa pakatanga European tsika dziri Russian Empire kwakatungamirira kusikwa dzinoverengeka zvisarudzo zvematongerwo enyika, rinoronga mambo kosi. Makore 1880-1900 ainzi dzekare. counterreforms nguva hurumende. Panguva ino, zvakanga chikwereti zhinji worupo matanho uye kuchinja. Russia akaziva kuti pakaunda-zvinhu, uye vakatanga kuti ndimutsidzire misimboti Nicholas I.

Chii pakaunda-kuchinja uye sei vakatakurirwa kunze

Pakutonga kaunda-zvinhu vakuru vakapa masimba mukuru wokusarudza kuti jurors. Gavhuna akapa kodzero kupikisa chero mutongi pasina kupa zvikonzero. Zvakanzi zvekare vakasuma chinokosha kukamurwa pfuma uye zvinodiwa dzidzo nokuda assessors.

Counter-kuchinja Alexander III vanobatwawo omunharaunda kuzvitonga. Varimi substantially kwakaderedza nhamba vamiririri vayo yeko, uye kuti nhaka kwamachinda, nekusiyana, iyo kota yakawedzera. Mamwe circulars hwochinja nesarudzo hurongwa wakagadzirirwa, mhedzisiro rakanga yokuderedza uwandu vanhu vanokodzera kuvhota.

Kurambidzwa mumunda dzidzo uye zvokudhinda zvinorwadza akundwa kuna Liberals, uyo achiri vasina akaziva kuti ichi pakaunda-kuchinja. Zvaakanga vamise chinangwa kudzivirira nokusimbaradza sunungukei mafungiro munharaunda, zvikuru matanho akatorwa sungisa achitonetsekawo vechidiki uye vadzidzi. kosi Closed dzevakadzi, kumayunivhesiti vari kunyimwa kodzero dzavo uye rusununguko, ikawanda muripo mari yechikoro uye pamusoro kurapa mumayunivhesiti vakagadzwa kubva kumusoro. Uyewo, maererano dzeraundi "On vana mubiki wacho", zvidzidzo maduku vaiva vanhu kunyimwa kodzero yokugamuchira dzidzo yepamusorosoro.

Huru kaunda-zvinhu, tafura riri pasi apa, tsanangura zvakajeka zvose zvikuru zviri basa mambo inoenda autocratic mapurisa dhipatimendi.

Counter-kuchinja Alexander III. zvabuda

Mhedzisiro mudzimba mutemo Alexandra Peacemaker aiva hama Kudzikamiswa yacho womukati upenyu enyika munyika. Asi chido nokuda rusununguko uye kusununguka haana kubviswa - sezvariri raputika ari expanses kweRussia, akauya simba mwanakomana Alexander III - Nicholas II.