The Board of Prince Ivan Kalita. Ivan Kalita: Paitonga

policies Large achawira munhau tichitenda basa ravo, uye kwete zita remadunhurirwa rokuti, asi ivo, kamwe nomazvo Data kubvumira zvizvarwa kuongorora kukura kwakaita munhu mutongi. zita remadunhurirwa rokuti ake Kalita Ivan Danilovich akagamuchira panguva upenyu rupo kuratidzwa kurutivi murombo. Kalita - musuki bhegi, chikwama. MuMoscow nyika akaramba yezvechitendero pamusoro sei Prince kuparadzira mari, izvo akatora redehwe chikwama akarembera negwarada. Mukuwedzera, asingaregi mari, akatenga hugota pedyo, nesimba priraschivaya nyika itsva. Munhu kunoshamisa nedzenyu tarenda, akangwara uye rupo, akachenjera uye yakaoma, takabatana nyika dzakawanda Russian uye nheyo hurumende Moscow - zviri Mukuru Duke pamusoro Moscow, Ivan Kalita, makore ane ushe - kubva 1325 kusvika 1340 Nhasi tichataura pamusoro pazvo.

A wechizvarwa Aleksandra Nevskogo

YaMakoronike regai kuchengeta mashoko yakarurama pamusoro nguva yokuberekwa Ivan Danilovich: dzekare vanotungamirirwa nokuti nguva kubva 1282 Mumakore 1283. Aiva mwanakomana rechina Moscow Prince Daniel Alexandrovich uye muzukuru Aleksandra Nevskogo. Maererano nemitemo iyoyo mwanakomana wechina kugona kutarisira kuti machinda choushe, asi zvikazooneka kuti akatora zita Ivan I Kalita. Vatongi Russia kazhinji kuchengeta muhurumende tisingazvifungiri.

Nzira choumambo

Kutaurwa rokutanga Ivan Danilovich mu ari Novgorod Chronicle iri yomusi 1296 gore nokuda chitarisiko chake muguta. Pakutanga kwezana remakore hwegumi akatonga ari Pereslavl-Zaleski, uye zvinobudirira akarirwira muhondo chete Tver boyars Akinfiev muna 1305.

Muna 1303 baba vake vakafa Ivan Daniil Aleksandrovich, uye machinda choushe rinopfuura mukuru Yuri mukoma wake, uyo akatonga Moscow ivhu pamwe 1303 Mumakore 1325. nguva yose iyi Ivan akagovera rutsigiro rakasimba Yuri. Kazhinji kubatanidzwa mishandirapamwe uye akaenda Golden Horde Yuri Danilovich aine mwoyo wakadzikama akasiya hugota, rakanga akatarira zvakanaka pashure Ivan Kalita. Paitonga pakati Yuri Danilovich - ne 1303 nokuti 1325 Panguva ino, nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana dzimwe hama vakauraya Ivan Kalita, uye kana ari mumaoko Horde Tver muchinda afa Yury of Moscow, anouya ushe Ivana Kality.

Pakutanga ushe

Chaiva yakaoma nguva. Horde Power anofanira kuwedzera kune yose Russia. Uye ushe mumwe muchinda nharo ari Horde. Apo John Danilovich akatora choushe, akamanikidzwa kuenda Golden Horde. Imomo mune zvose zvayo uchenjeri akaratidza unyanzvi ake makuru nedzenyu. Akakwanisa kutaurirana Tatars zvipo zvikuru kukosha pane kutsvaka rugare kuvapo uye akadzivirira Muscovy kubva vachirwisa pakati Tatars, zvichiita matambudziko guru.

Mumazuva iwayo, rugare norunyararo vari kutonetsa. Pashure pezvose, kana neKomisheni mari guru mutero nguva kubvisa ari wechiTatar vachirwisa, vavakidzani - machinda - aigona kukonzera itsva rutsigiro. Moscow namachinda nguva dzose vaikwikwidzana pamwe Tver. Uye Tver akanga ari nani pane Moscow. Iye akamira Volga, uye akakura akapfuma zvokutengeserana pamwe roga gore vachiwedzera kukurira nyika Russian. Zvinonzwisiswa Ivan Danilovich Kalita. ushe The makore akamudzidzisa murefu uye kushandisa donhwe-pasi mikana, kunyange inosuruvarisa.

Rutivi kuri rwendo pamusoro Tver nemigumisiro yayo

Chii chakaitika muna August 1327 Tver kumukira pamusoro Tatars, tverichey unotambudzika, akashandura nzira nhoroondo yakasiyana negwara. Mugumisiro yakakurumbira nokumukira yaiva zvachose wechiTatar ravarwi pamusoro Horde vaisagona kubatsira asi kupindura. Uye muna 1328 akanga kurongedzerwa munhu kuri rwendo pamusoro Tver, umo machinda akawanda, kusanganisira Ivan Kalita, makore ane rokutonga yakanga ichangotanga. Aisagona kuteerera, uye akaona ari kudzvinyirira pakati Tver simba Remangwana Muscovite mamiriro. Pashure pokukundwa Tver achitonga kwake Prince Alexander akatizira muPskov. Ivan Kalita kubva Uzbek Khan apinda nhaka weutungamiriri pakati Kostroma uye kukwanisa kudzora Great Novgorod.

Pakafa muchinda Suzdal muna 1331 Prince of Moscow yaigadzirwa Khan Uzbek chitaridzi (mvumo) nokuti Grand Duchy pakati Vladimir uye akava mutungamiriri political yose wemuTesitamende Eastern Russia. Uyezve, Ivan Danilovich, achiratidza hunoshamisa kugona, akanyengetedza Khan kuti kumbonzwiwa chibvumirano: 1 Ivan Uzbek akarayira kuti mitero kubva vanhu mukutsinhana chivimbiso arege kuita bvuta uye akatuma Baskakov. mativi ose vakachengeta zvivimbiso zvavo, vakadzivira Tartars kupamba nyika Russian, achitya kutsamwa Uzbek uye Kalita azere kuripwa mutero hwakagadzwa.

dzomunyika mabasa

Chronicles nguva idzodzo kudzai ushe Prince Ivana Danilovicha Kality: kunyengetedzana pamwe Horde, iye kubudirira chinokosha kworugare uye kunyarara, panguva iyo akaita wandei makuru-pamwero zvirongwa Zvaunofanira kusimbisa zvikuru simba Moscow kwakaita.

Makore makumi mana Kunyarara akanga kumamwe ivhu Russian Ivan Danilovich. Up kusvikira 1368 panguva Moscow nyika yakanga isina imwe bvuta. How kuzviita? Prince akaita pamberi Horde zvose zvavanofanira dzayo; zvaaigara akabhadhara mutero, akaita zvipo vasingaverengeki Khan, nguva nenguva kuuya kwaari.

Ivan Kalita: Paitonga

Musi mubvunzo sei kuunganidza vakadaro mari hombe, hapana mhinduro chete. Kunyange zvakadaro, izvozvo zvinozivikanwa kuti pakutanga kwake ushe, muchinda akakwanisa mugwagwa kubva makororo nenhubu, chinivshih kwavari kunyadziswa, nokuti yaakanga apiwa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti wechipiri - Good, uye vakauya kuna Moscow vatengesi uye mapoka, kuwedzera nokukurumidza uye tsika mabasa.

Uyezve, tichiziva kuti vatongi vemo kutorwa zhinji kuenderana pakati aunganidzwa mutero, Ivan Danilovich akashandisa dzoutsinye nzira kuti uzere ayo muunganidzwa, uye akaranga thieving gavhuna akaratidza tsitsi vavengi vavo.

Ivan Danilovich akaita dzinoverengeka achienda yokuRussia kuchamhembe, panguva iyo anoratidza chimwe kunobva mari - hove mbava. Nzira idzi vangangorambana, uye akamutendera kuti kwete chete zvakazara dzaona pamwe Golden Horde, asiwo kuchinja zvikuru hugota.

Moscow - guta guru Russian Chechi

Ivan Danilovich aisangova wechitendero, akanga nechokwadi exclusivity kuvonga kuna Mwari nokutungamirira, uye vachiverenga pamusoro kubatsirwa Metropolitan iri Implementation zvirongwa zvavo kubatanidza nyika Russian uye nokusimbaradza ari Moscow State. Hanya kuchengeteka hugota, Ivan Danilovich anomutsa itsva pomuouki Kremlin, iyo inodzivirirawo guta centre uye kudyarwa. On mundima Kremlin kubvira 1326 kusvika 1333 makore, akavaka zvikuru ibwe netemberi: Arkhangelsk, Muponesi uye kubvuma Cathedral, Church of Ioanna Lestvichnika uye Chechi chitarisiko.

Chimwe chinokosha nebudiriro Moscow machinda kurwisana utongi munyika Russian iri kuchamhembe iri kubatana pamwe yemo dhipatimendi, iyo kwakatangwa zvakawanda Yuri Danilovich.

Zvichida zvakanga kuvaka ichi chikuru chirongwa kukanganiswa chisarudzo Metropolitan Peter kuronga yaaigara muMoscow. Kwemakore anoverengeka chaaitsvaka yakakodzera nyika chinangwa ichi. Muna 1326 Metropolitan Peter akafa uye akavigwa muMoscow. Gare gare, sezvo muchinda Vladimir, Ivan Danilovich akaita canonization Petro.

The Board uye basa Ivan Kalita

Pachishandiswa kutsigirwa echechi yeRussian Orthodox uye vanoita munhu akwanise mutemo kubatanidza nyika Russian, Ivan 1 vakatenga kana akahwina kweutongi itsva, tichisiya itsvo simba mumaoko machinda emo, yezwi mamiriro vevatariri of Moscow muchinda. The kuverenga pakunamata Dmitry Donskoi, muzukuru Ivan Danilovich akaratidza pamusoro asapinda Moscow nyika yakatengwa panguva dzakasiyana nguva Uglich, Galich uye Merskogo Beloozero.

Kuomera Ivan Danilovich agara aiva noukama Tver. Pashure pemhirizhonga yemuna pamusoro 1337 kusvika 1327 makore mitemo yaro zvakanaka vakavimbika Konstantin, asi ipapo vakadzokera Tver Prince-muutapwa, iye akaregererwa Khan Uzbek, Alexander. Kuziva kuti pavanotaurirana avamba zvakare, Ivan Danilovich akaenda Horde uye, achichipa Khan zvipo anofuridzira iye kuti Alexander akanga kutamba mutambo kaviri, mubasa Lithuania. Uyewo muchinda Tver uye Plotting, asi kunoita Kalita, uye muna 1339 muna Horde Khan Uzbek vanourayiwa naye pamwe nemwanakomana wake Theodore. Akabata nehasha navavengi vake, Ivan Kalita 1. Paitonga rakaenderana utsinye uye zvakaoma, saka iye akaridza mitemo yake.

Kukoshesa vomunguva mukuru munyori

Rakanga yokupedzisira kubudirira Ivan Danilovich. Muchirimo 1340 iye akarwara, akazosiya basa ndokutanga yemamongi mhiko vari Spassky wemamonk, iyo yakavakwa pedyo yaaigara. Ikoko akapedza mwedzi ake okupedzisira hwake uye akafa muna March 1341.

It anoramba nani mabhuku Monument, rakanyorwa nomumwe mamongi. Inonzi "Rumbidzai Ivan Kalita", apo zvikuru mabasa nezviito "muunganidzi wokuRussia munyika", inova muchinda Ivan Kalita, Biography, bhodhi policies uye zvinotarisirwa dzaiva pasi chinangwa chete vanokudzwa - kusika kuMoscow mamiriro.