Irrationalism - uzivi isingazivikanwi

Munyaya Mupfungwa yakazara, irrationalism - dzidziso kwouzivi kuti rinokutadzisa, kunodzima chipi uye zvose kuramba basa pfungwa sezvo huru uye kusarudza chimwe chezvinhu cognition. Muitiro uyu pfungwa uye mitsara nemamwe marudzi uye dzakasiyana-siyana nemano dzevanhu - femero, fungidziro, manzwiro, zvaisazogona, kunzwisisa, kufungisisa uye zvichingodaro nezvakadaro.

Kazhinji, irrationalism - dzidziso iyi rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma kuti anoona nheyo zvose zvakasikwa hakuiti pfungwa, uye chimwe. Kumboda pane zvitatu. Chokutanga - mashoko repakona Absolutized yaibvira pfungwa dzevanhu uye subconsciousness (irrationalism pamusoro Schopenhauer). Wechipiri - kuzivikanwa naMwari sezvo kusava kuzivikanwa chaizvo riri pamusoro pfungwa neunyanzvi zvinogona kuzvizivawo chete mukufamba rakavanzika mubatanidzwa. Chechitatu nzira ndechokuti irrationalism - vanonzi "kumuziva," izvo, pfungwa, a priori dzisingambosvikiki kunzwisisa pfungwa dzevanhu, asi ndiyo hwaro kuziva kungazviratidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. maonero ichi chinoumbwa nemabasa Kant, uye Frank Spencer.

Irrationalism - zvinoderedza basa pfungwa kuziva uye ungwaru. Nechepakati zvikuru pfungwa zviri pedyo agnosticism. Asi agnosticism chinotarisa Mhedziso musimboti wenyika hazviiti kumuziva. Pokutangira ichi chete dzenzvimbo kwouzivi kufanana irrationality vakashumira kusava nechokwadi. Pyrrho, muvambi chikoro ichi pfungwa inoti zvose zvakafanana neissleduemymi, indeterminate uye indiscernible. Somugumisiro, hapana pfungwa kana mutongo haagoni kunge vari venhema kana zvechokwadi. Kusava nechokwadi (uye nokudaro akadaro kuerera sezvo irrationalism zvoruzivo) vane chokuita nedzidziso dzakadaro kwouzivi uye pfungwa sezvo chinja (dzidziso relativity uye conditionality kuti pfungwa uye cognition) uye nihilism (Kuramba kwose zvinozivikanwa).

KuMiddle Ages raiva hwaro zvose irrationalism uzivi uye zvechitendero. Scholasticism uye zvitendwa wechiKristu kwakavakirwa Dzidziso Johann Eckhart uye Bernard Klerosskogo vanodavira kuti wakanaka haungabereki kuziva Mwari, asi zvinoita kuti kufungisisa usingaonekwi. Nechekare sezvo Renaissance, zvaibvira kutaura kuti irrationality - ndiyo zvinyorwa zvokupikisa uye zvinyorwa zvokupikisa vavapo realism. Nepo pfungwa safunga zvitendero dzaigona qualitatively Classified muzvikwata mikuru mitatu:

1. Irrationalism sezvo maitiro kuti panlogism uye rationalism pamusoro Hegel.
2. Existentialism sezvo kudzidza irreducibility yevanhu munhu mumwe ungwaru chete.
3. Critical nemafungiro rezvedzidzo mano yevanhu, izvo yakatanga yekare skeptizitsme.

Panguva iyoyo anobva uye nhungirwa irrationalism, uye akazova kuzvimiririra - pamusoro existentialism, uyo akakurukura pfungwa kuti musimboti uye remunhu - haisi pfungwa, asi kuvapo imwe mhando, risingazununguswi kuratidzwa, asi inogona akarondedzerwa mupfungwa uye musoro mativi pfungwa dzevanhu.