Slavophiles - nayo ... Trends muna Philosophy. Slavophilism uye Westernism

Anenge 40-50 makore XIX remakore muchiRussia muvanhu kuti govera zviviri mirayiridzo - Slavophilism uye Westernism. Slavophiles akatsigira pfungwa "reRussia nzira chaiyo", apo vavengi vavo, dzokumadokero aiwanzofamba vanoda kuenda mumakwara Western ibudirire, kunyanya munzvimbo munzanga mamiriro, tsika nedzevanhu upenyu.

mazwi aya akaita kupi?

"Slavophiles" - shoko akasuma nomudetembi yakakurumbira Konstantin Batyushkov. Uyewo, shoko rokuti "Westernization" kutanga akazviratidza wokuRussia tsika pakati 40s pakati rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore. Zvikurukuru, anogona kuwanikwa "netsamba" Ivana Panaeva. Kakawanda, izwi rakatanga kushandiswa mushure 1840, apo paiva kumbozorora pamwe Belinsky Aksakov.

History of chitarisiko Slavophilism

Slavophilic Chokwadi, haana kuonekwa nomuzvarirwo "pasina". Izvi pashure yose nguva tsvakurudzo, achinyora mapepa akawanda zvesayenzi uye mabhuku, painstaking kudzidza nhoroondo uye tsika Russia.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakutanga chaipo uyu muitiro kwouzivi aiva Archimandrite Gabriel, aizivikanwawo Vasiliy Voskresensky. Muna 1840 akabudisa mu Kazan, "Russian uzivi", waiva nenzira kwayo ane chaicho zvichiitika Slavophilism.

Kunyange zvakadaro, muuzivi Slavophiles vakatanga kubuda imwe nguva gare gare, mukufamba Pfungwa kukakavadzana kuti vavapo maererano kukurukurwa "ouzivi Letter" Chaadaev. Vateveri nzvimbo iyi vaiva pfungwa zvemunhu, nevamwe nzira chenhau kukura Russia uye vanhu Russian, iri unopfuura rakasiyana Western nzira European. Maererano Slavophiles, Russian kuzivikanwa pakutanga ndiye kushaya mukirasi hondo munhau dzayo, munyika yacho Russian munharaunda uye cooperatives, uyewo muChechi yeOrthodox iri chete chiKristu chechokwadi.

Development Slavophil kuyerera. Pfungwa huru

Muna 1840-ies. Slavophilic kunyanya zvakajairika muMoscow. The yakanakisisa mupfungwa vehurumende vakaungana mune mabhuku Salons Elagina, Pauline, Sverbeevyh - zviri pano kuti kutaura nomumwe uye vakanga yainakidza vachikurukurirana dzokumadokero.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mabasa uye mabasa Slavophiles vakanga achinetswa kusenza, vamwe vatsigiri vari pamberi mapurisa, uye vamwe vakatourayiwa vakasungwawo. Imhaka ichi kwenguva vakanga vasina zvachose bhuku uye akaisa ake manotsi uye nyaya kunonyanya pamusoro mapeji magazini "Moskvityanin" nguva refu. Pashure zvishomanana easing kuti kusenza ari 50s Slavophils vakatanga kubudisa magazini dzavo ( "Rural runako", "Russian kukurukura") uye mapepanhau ( "nechikepe," guhu ").

Russia havafaniri kudzidza uye kugamuchira siyana Western zvematongerwo - ichi zvakasimba nechokwadi zvose pasina chakasara, ivo Slavophiles. Izvi, zvisinei, haana kuvatadzisa kuti zvakakodzera kuti vanoshingaira kukura bhizimisi uye zvokutengeserana, rwezvemabhengi Nokutendeka mabhizimisi, pakatanga michina ano mune zvokurima uye kuvaka njanji. Uyewo, Slavophiles akachingamidza Pfungwa abolition ose serfdom "kubva kumusoro" pamwe fanira urongwa nyika runofarira kuti murimi mudiki munharaunda.

Zvakawanda ngwariro rwakabhadharwa kuna chitendero nako Slavophiles pfungwa dzakanga zvikuru kufanana. Mupfungwa dzavo, kutenda kwechokwadi, iro vakasvika Russia kubva Eastern Church, anenge chaiwo, yakasiyana nhoroondo basa vanhu Russian. Kuti Orthodoxy uye tsika, magariro kuchaita kuumba zvakadzamisisa nheyo mweya wokuRussia.

Kazhinji, kuti Slavophiles vanhu vakanzwisisa mukati kuchinja romanticism. Mamirire kwavari waiva idealization zvinodiwa traditionalism uye yemadzitateguru. In zvakafanana naizvozvo, Slavophiles vakatsvaka kutungamirira intelligentsia kuti pedyo zvavo, kudzidza upenyu hwezuva nezuva uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva, mutauro netsika.

vamiririri Slavophilism

Muzana XIX remakore, vanyori zhinji, masayendisiti uye vadetembi Slavophiles vakashanda Russia. Vamiriri ichi mirayiridzo zvakakodzerwa nzeve - Khomyakov, Aksakov, Samarin. Vakakurumbira Slavophiles vaiva Chizhov, Koshelev, Belyaev, Valuev, Lamanskii, Hilferding uye Cherkassy.

Zvakakwana pedyo nharaunda iyi Maonero vaiva vanyori Ostrovsky, Tiutchev, Dahl, Languages uye Grigoriev.

Nekukudza kufarira pfungwa Slavophilism akaitira vanoremekedzwa nyanzvi dzemitauro uye kare - Bodyansky, Grigorovich, Buslaev.

History of pakuonekwa dzokumadokero

Slavophilism uye Westernism ane anenge ari kumwedzi chete, uye somugumisiro, funga dzenzvimbo izvi kwouzivi inomuda kunzwisisa. Westernism Slavophilism sezvo nevakomana - ndicho kutungamirirwa Russian feudal evanhu pfungwa, zvakare yakabuda munzvimbo 40s ose XIX remakore.

Original hwesangano umbowo vamiririri ichi muitiro vaiva Moscow mabhuku Salons. Pfungwa nharo kuti vakatora nzvimbo mavari, zvakajeka uye rinonyatsobvuma vanoratidzwa mu "My Kare uye Pfungwa," sydäntä.

Westernized budiriro kuyerera. Pfungwa huru

Uzivi Slavophiles uye dzokumadokero anosiyana zvinoshamisa. Kunyanya, mukuru zviri dzematongerwe enyika dzokumadokero zvinosanganisira categorical kuramba feudal serf wemuTesitamende zvematongerwo enyika, upfumi uye tsika. Vakanga vachida kuita socio-kwezvoupfumi kunoparirwa pamusoro muenzaniso Western.

Vamiririri dzokumadokero vaidavira kuti nguva dzose inoramba mukana kugadzwa kwoUmambo kweutongi Bourgeois-democratic achishandisa rugare, nzira anoparadzirwa uye dzidzo. Vari zvikuru chaizvo zvokuchinja kwaitungamirirwa Peter I, uye aiona basa ravo kutendeutsa uye kuumba voruzhinji nenzira kuti umambo akamanikidzwa kuita Bourgeois kuchinja.

Dzokumadokero vaidavira kuti kukunda kwenzanga backwardness weRussia hazvifaniri tichiregeredza ravaIndia tsika, asi nokuda zvakaitika Europe, refu-aenda mberi. Muchiitiko chino, havana kufunga kusiyana West uye Russia, asi yose, kuti aiva magumo avo netsika uye nhoroondo.

Mukutanga zvokukura kwouzivi tsvakurudzo dzokumadokero kunyanya kukanganiswa nemabasa Schiller, Schilling uye Hegel.

Split dzokumadokero pakati 40s. XIX remakore

Pakati pezana remakore forties zviri XIX remakore pakanga inokosha aparadzane mu dzokumadokero zvakatipoteredza. Zvino pashure nharo Granovsky, uye sydäntä. Zvakaguma mirayiridzo maviri Westernized dzinokura: akarurama uye echimurenga-democratic.

The chikonzero akarara kusiyana noruremekedzo kuti chitendero. Kana liberals vakarwira dzidziso yokusafa kwomweya, Democrats, akavapindurawo, zvaibva chinzvimbo pfuma uye kusatendera.

Siyana uye pfungwa dzavo pamusoro nzira zvinhu muRussia uye post-kuchinja pakukura ehurumende. Saka, Democrats waitsigira pfungwa Revolutionary kutamburira kuti mberi kuvakwa gutsaruzhinji.

Chaizvo muupenyu maonero Vokumadokero iyi vaiva mabasa Comte, Feuerbach, uye Saint-Simoni.

Mugore post-kuchinja nguva iri ezvinhu zvavo capitalist kukura Westernism vakaguma kuvapo somunhu chaiye kutungamirirwa mumagariro pfungwa.

vamiriri dzokumadokero

The yepakutanga denderedzwa Moscow dzokumadokero vaiva Granovskii, Hertzen, Korsch, Ketscher, Botkin, Ogarev Cavelin uye t. D. Chimwe akataura denderedzwa Belinsky, aigara St. Petersburg. Vazivikanwe sezvo dzokumadokero uye unyanzvi munyori Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

Pashure zvakaitika pemwedzi 40s. Annenkov paradzanisa, Korsch, Cavelin, Granovsky uye vamwe vatungamiriri akagara kurutivi liberals, uye sydäntä, Belinsky uye Ogarev asiya kuti Democrats.

Kukurukurirana pakati Slavophiles uye dzokumadokero

Zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti uzivi izvi vakaberekerwa panguva imwecheteyo, havaoni yavo vaimiririra kuchizvarwa chete. Uyezve - uye dzokumadokero uye Slavophiles aibva rimwe munzanga mamiriro zvaingova mune dzimwe madenderedzwa.

Fans vose dzidziso dziri kuramba kutaura nemumwe. Uye kutaurirana zviri kwete nguva dzose chete uchitsoropodzwa: ivo vanozviwana vari musangano, mune imwe denderedzwa, vari kazhinji inowanikwa kufunga pfungwa vavengi vavo chinhu pedyo yavo pfungwa maonero.

Kazhinji, kusawirirana vakawanda vari chemhando nemagariro chechetere - vavengi kubatwa mumwe noruremekedzo uye nyatsoteerera mhiri uye akaedza kupa zvikonzero zvinogutsa vachida munzvimbo dzavo.

Kufanana pakati Slavophiles uye dzokumadokero

Pasingaverengwi vakaparadzana Papera dzokumadokero Democrats, uye vokutanga, wechipiri uye vanoziva kuti vanofanira kuchinja muRussia uye kugadzirisa huripo matambudziko murunyararo, pasina nokumukirana uye ropa. Slavophiles akadudzira nayo kwavowo, nokuomerera yakawanda kuchinja maonero, asi aizivawo kudiwa kwokuchinja.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti maonero kuti chitendero chaiva chimwe chezvinhu gakava nyaya iri pfungwa kusawirirana pakati vatsigiri akasiyana dzidziso. Zvisinei, muna nokururama, zvinokosha kuziva kuti vanhu chinhu akaita iri basa rinokosha. Saka, maonero ari Slavophiles vakanga zvikuru papfungwa yokuti kunamata kwevanhu Russian, napedyo zvayo Orthodoxy uye kunyatsoomerera kuchengeta tsika dzose dzechitendero. Panguva iyo Slavophiles pachavo, vakawanda vavo - vaibva kumhuri rokunyika hakusi vakatevera Rites yeChechi. Dzokumadokero zvakare hadzikurudziri kunyanyisa umwari munhu, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nhengo magetsi (muenzaniso wakajeka -. P. Ya Chaadaev) pachokwadi aidavira kuti kunamata uye, zvikurukuru, chinhu chinokosha pamusoro Orthodox Russia. Pakati vamiririri vaviri dzinokura kupa zvose vatendi uye hakuna Musiki.

Paivawo vaya chisiri chinhu nezveizvi, zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro chechitatu chakatarisana mupaini. Somuenzaniso, V. S. Solovov mune zvaakanyora, akacherechedza kuti inogutsa kugadzirisa huru nyaya dzevanhu achiri asina kuwanikwa kana kuMabvazuva kana kuMadokero. Izvi zvinoreva kuti basa iri pamwe vanofanira zvose, pasina chaakasiya vanoshingaira mauto zvevanhu, kuteerera mumwe uye pamwe pedyo kubudirira uye ukuru. Soloviev aidavira kuti "wakachena" dzokumadokero uye "zvakachena" Slavophiles - ipfupi uye vanhu vasiri vanokwanisa vavariro mutongo.

To muchidimbu

Dzokumadokero uye Slavophiles, pfungwa chikuru dzatakurukura munyaya ino, chokwadi, vaiva utopians. Dzokumadokero kunge idealized vatorwa nzira kukura, asi European ano, kazhinji vanokanganwa pamusoro peculiarities pakati Russian Pfungwa uye nemakore kusiyana kwepfungwa ari nechokumadokero uye Russian. Slavophiles zvaizoitawo akarumbidza mufananidzo vanhu Russian, vakanga vachida idealize hurumende, mufananidzo mambo uye Orthodoxy. Uye avo uye vamwe havana kucherechedza kutyisidzira chimurenga, uye kusvikira ichangobva vaitarisira zvinetso kubudikidza zvinhu, mune rugare nzira. WeNobel muhondo Pfungwa iyi zvisingaperi govera hazvibviri, nekuti kusawirirana pamusoro Kururama rakasarudzwa nzira kukura reRussia harimiri nhasi.