John Kenneth Galbraith: Basic Ideas

John Kenneth Galbraith - Canadian (Papera American) Economist, mushandi wehurumende, Wenyika uye mutsigiri American liberalism. mabhuku ake kunge Bestsellers kubva 1950s kusvika 2000s. Mumwe wavo - "The Great Crash cha1929". Dzhon Kennet Gelbreyt vakananga ari mazita yakanakisisa-kutengesa vanyori zvakare muna 2008, pashure yatanga yose zvoupfumi kuGreece. Muna 2010, vakawanda mabasa musayendisiti vave reissued pasi editorship mwanakomana wake.

The maonero somunhu Economist Galbraith dzinokwanisa kukanganiswa pfungwa Trosteyna Veblen uye John Maynard Keynes. Scientist zvinenge upenyu hwake hwose (Makore 50) vaishanda paHarvard University. Iye zvakanyorwa pamusoro mabhuku 50 uye zviuru nyaya nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana. Pakati ake yakakurumbira trilogy nemabasa ari dzezvoupfumi: "American capitalism" (1952), "The vakabudirira Society" (1958), "The New Industrial State" (1967).

Dzhon Kennet Gelbreyt: Biography

Future inozivikanwa Economist uyo akaberekwa mumhuri vokuCanada pamusoro wokuScotland dzinza. Aiva mbiri nehanzvadzi uye imwe hama. baba vake aiva murimi uye chikoro mudzidzisi mai - amai vemba. Akafa apo Galbraith aiva nemakore 14 chete okuberekwa. Muna 1931, iye akapiwa Bachelor of Agriculture, ipapo - Tenzi Science uye Ph.D. zvakafanana mumunda. Kubva 1934 kusvika 1939 yaaishandira sezvo wechipiri (nokungozorora) purofesa wepaHarvard University kubvira 1939 kusvika 1940-fung - pa Princeton. Muna 1937 akatanga American mugari uye bhezari kuna Cambridge. Ikoko akatanga vakajairana pfungwa John Maynard Keynes. Galbraith kuti rezvematongerwe akatanga basa consultant muna Roosevelt kutarisira. Muna 1949 akagadzwa purofesa dzezvoupfumi paHarvard University.

Gelbreyt Dzhon Kenneth, kana chete Ken (haana kufanana zita renyu rizere), akanga kushingaira wezvematongerwe enyika, vakatsigira Democratic Party uye vakashumira vari dzekushumira pamusoro Roosevelt, Truman, Kennedy uye Johnson. Uyewo zvishoma aishanda mumiriri India. Unowanzonzi yakakurumbira Economist yechipiri yezana XX remakore.

Sezvo theorist kuti institutionalism

John Kenneth Galbraith aiva mutsigiri vanonzi technocratic mupi werutemo. Kushanda Kennedy kutarisira aitambisa basa rinokosha kukura yepurogiramu "New kwekumaodzanyemba". Pahwaro unyanzvi uye zvoupfumi zvinhu okuwana maviri akasiyana gadziriro: pamusika uye urongwa. Boka rokutanga kunosanganisira mamiriyoni madiki kuti ushande mumaindasitiri siyana. Kuronga hurongwa rinoumbwa zviuru Makambani makuru kuti abudise dzakawanda zvinhu uye mabasa. Recent yokubiridzira yemakambani diki, uye izvo zvakachinja chinokosha chikamu mari vemabhizimisi makuru. The chikuru che kuronga hurongwa Galbraith akatenda vanonzi "vakura" dzesangano. By pezvawakaita, inofanira technostructure, izvo zvinounza pamwechete masayendisiti, mainjiniya, uye nyanzvi mumunda wezvokutengeserana uye voruzhinji ukama, magweta, vamiririri, mamaneja, vakuru, uye dzimwe nyanzvi uye rinotarisira nokuchengetedzwa uye nokusimbaradza nzvimbo sangano mumusika.

On the US upfumi

Muna 1952 John Kenneth Galbraith akatanga nomukurumbira trilogy ake. Mubhuku rake rinonzi "American capitalism: pfungwa countervailing simba," akagumisa, kuti upfumi hwenyika inotongwa Kuedza akabatana mabhizimisi makuru, huru dzaishandiswa mibatanidzwa hurumende. Uye mamiriro ezvinhu aya, maererano musayendisiti, aiita kuUnited States haisi nguva dzose zvazviri. Kurwisana simba akadana nezviito indasitiri mapoka vaenzi uye mibatanidzwa. Mwoyo pamusoro 1930-1932. mabhizimisi makuru pamwe hama rusununguko kutarisira upfumi. In basa rake "The Great Crash cha1929", iye rinotsanangura yakakurumbira donhwe mugove mitengo iri Wall Street uye kuti misika vari zvishoma ichidzokera kubva chokwadi munguva dzokufungidzira tiguu. Mubhuku "The vakabudirira Society", iro akavawo Bestseller, Galbraith anoti kuti uve anobudirira ezvinhu pashure peHondo Yenyika II, United States anofanira mari kuvaka migwagwa uye dzidzo, vachishandisa mari kubva mitero. Haana kufunga kuwedzera kugadzirwa zvinhu chiratidzo utano hwenyika uye nzanga. Anotsvaka musayendisiti yekudyidzana uchiumba mitemo yacho Kennedy uye Johnson dzekushumira.

Pfungwa itsva maindasitiri muvanhu

Muna 1996, Galbraith akakokwa redhiyo. The zvirongwa nhanhatu aifanira rinotiudzei nezvoUmambo kugadzirwa upfumi uye matambudziko Makambani makuru ari mamiriro. Bhuku "The New Industrial State John" Kennet Gelbreyt muna 1967 akasunungura yakavakirwa zvirongwa izvi. Mairi, akaratidza nzira yake ongororo uye nharo nei inokurukura kuti akakwana makwikwi ndiyo chete akakodzera nhamba duku sectors of US upfumi.

On matema zvemari

basa Galbraith kwakaita vakazvipira dzakasiyana-siyana nyaya. In "A Brief nhoroondo zvemari euphoria," rakanyorwa muna 1994, iye rinoongorora kwaita dzokufungidzira matema kwemazana emakore anoverengeka. Achitenda kuti vari chigadzirwa wakasununguka musika gadziriro, iyo inobva "vakawanda zvepfungwa" uye "kuzvidzora kushumira kufarira kukanganisa." Galbraith aidavira kuti "... nyika mari kuti reinvent vhiri kakawanda, kazhinji kunyange zvishoma kugadzikana pane yapfuura shanduro." Zvinofadza kuti munyika yose dambudziko ra2008 gore, izvo zvakashamisa vakawanda nezvoupfumi, dzakatsigira vakawanda maonero ake.

nhaka

Dzhon Kennet Gelbreyt macroeconomic pachisara vaiona sezvi- chokushandisa, zvinonzi vaidavira kuti neoclassical mienzaniso vasingawanzotauri kuratidza mamiriro chaiwo. All zvikuru nesayenzi dzidziso chokuita kufurirwa Makambani makuru ari pamusika. Gebreyt aidavira kuti vakaisa mitengo, pane vatengi. Iye waitsigira kuzvidzora hurumende, pawakanga kudiwa. Mu "The vakabudirira Society" Galbraith anoti dzokudzidzisa dzenhoroondo zvoupfumi dzidziso dzakanga chete abudirire kare, kuti "zera urombo." Iye chairidza hazvizivi rutapudzo ari kudyiwa zvimwe zvinhu kuburikidza kwegadziriro mitero. Galbraith zvakare zvinganaka chirongwa "bhizimisi vanhu".

pfungwa tsoropodzo

John Kenneth Galbraith, pfungwa dzinokosha kuti kurondedzerwa rakawanda US upfumi, aipikisa kwainoita neoclassical mienzaniso achitsanangura zvoupfumi kwendangariro. Akahwina mubayiro weNobel Milton Friedman wasimbisa pamwe utsinye kutsoropodzwa musayendisiti maonero. Akataura kuti Galbraith anotenda ukuru vakakwirira uye paternalistic simba uye anoramba vatengi kodzero nyore kusarudza. Paul Krugman haana kufunga iye musayendisiti. Aiti kuti Ken anonyora asiri ingano mabasa anopa mhinduro kutsarukana mibvunzo yakaoma. Krugman akafunga Galbraith "vezvenhau munhu" uye kwete rakakomba Economist.

Dzhon Kennet Gelbreyt (mazwi):

• "Ndiri kuti pragmatic chiito. Kana musika mabasa, zvino ndiri pamusoro payo. Kana uchida kupindira hurumende, neniwo kutsigira izvi. Ndiri kwazvo nechokwadi vaya vanoti kuti privatization uye nehurumende pfuma. Ndinogara kutsigira chii anoshanda kunyanya nyaya iyi. "
• "Kudzidza mari, kupfuura dzimwe sectors zvose upfumi hwenyika, achishandisa kunzwisisa kuti tivhare chokwadi kana kuti kunzvenga kuburitsa, uye kwete vakutarisire. Neurongwa hwakashandiswa nemabhangi kusika mari iri nyore kuti pfungwa hazviwirirani kurinzwisisa. Kunenge kuti paumbwe chinhu chinokosha zvikuru kuva chakavanzika zvikuru. "
• "Politics haasi unyanzvi ingangovapo. Zviri kusarudza pakati unotyisa uye hachifadzi. "
• "Hapana mubvunzo kuti ikozvino dzesangano akatora pamusoro huru kuzvidzora rikurumidze."
• "Vakamira pamberi kusarudza pakati vachinje mafungiro uye kutsvaka zvikonzero kwete kuita kudaro, anenge munhu wose rinomira nokuda yechipiri."