Kutapukirwa mafuta: riri nani sarudzo, unhu

Kuderedza kusakara kuti vachidzipukuta zvikamu, dzinongobuda kudzivirirwa pane mukuru tembiricha ngura kudzivirira kushandisa mafuta hutachiwana. Ndechipi chakanakisisa uye chii mutsauko pakati pavo? Ndezvipi kupatsanura pakati lubricating zvinwiwa? We nezvazvo munyaya ino.

General unhu

Kuburikidza kushandiswa noukama nokubata zvemaziso zvinoriumba vanodzivirirwa nezvokubvuta, kukurumidza kusakara uye nezvimwe kukuvara. Izvi zvinoitwa paumbwe imwe batana firimu. Uyezve, kunoderedza mutoro pamusoro rachulis uye saka ruzha injini. More Lubricity mvura Falls kushanda kupisa nokubviswa kubva kuonana hukawanika. Nokudaro, yekudyidzana akaderedza simba kurasikirwa kuburikidza kukweshera. Miti nokuti kutapukirwa uyewo nokuda Motors vari dzakasiyana kupatsanura.

Kupatsanura maererano GOST

Pane epamba GOST kuti hutachiwana lubricating Urume. Zvichienderana viscosity uye kuita, vari mapoka mapoka mashanu. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane yayo izita. Somuenzaniso, TM4-10 zvinoreva:

• TM - kufamba mafuta;

• 4 - bhendi oparesheni;

• 10 - viscosity kugiredhi.

Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

1. TM-1 - boka iyo tanzi NIGROL zhizha nechando. Tiri kutaura pamusoro kwakafumuka vakasara, iyo yakaumbwa mumakore DISTILLATION mafuta.

2. TM-2 - boka kuti gozvo mafuta uye PPC. Vari ne kbps uye saka chete kushandiswa mumhuri motokari tsaru.

3. TM-3 - a noukama hwakadaro, semuenzaniso, TSP-10, TSP-15K. Ivo inoshandiswa rinorema basa marori cylindrical, conical uye helical-conical mhando.

4. TM-4 kunobvumirwa mafuta: Tsp-14gip, Tsgip uye TSZ-9gip. The ndewechiLatin rinoshandiswa kuchamhembe pagondobwe lorries, apo tembiricha inogona kusvika kusvika madhigirii mashanu pazasi razero. Chokutanga mhando rinoshandiswa kuna unozvidzora zvikamu uye inopisa okunze.

5. TM-5 - mafuta ichi TM5-12rk uye Tad-17Ndakafara. Chokutanga mhando rinoshandiswa kuti rori nokuti chando mumamirire ekunze sezvo vsesezonki uye wechipiri - pisa uye vakadzikama mumamirire ekunze.

dzimwe classifications

MuEurope, United States, uye munyika yedu, vakapararira classifications maviri: SAE uye API. Vane kusununguka uye mukwanisi mumwe. Mumwe anosarudza kuti viscosity, uye mumwe yakasiyana, zvichienderana yokuvirisa zviri mukati.
kupatsanura Izvi hakuwaniki chete kuti hutachiwana asiwo injini mafuta, kunyange zvakasiyana pairi. Funga zvose mhando zvizere.

SAE

kupatsanura ichi yakazokudziridzwa neAmerican Society Engineers. On the lubricating Urume rakakamurwa mhando zvichienderana viscosity. kupatsanura Izvi zvinozivikanwa vose, uye rinoshandiswa nekuti vakawanda motokari vagadziri dzinorumbidza kufunga mwero zviri viscosity, mafuta hutachiwana.

Chii nani akagadzirisa pachishandiswa tembiricha, izvo zvichaita kuti wakashanda kubudikidza motokari. Naizvozvo, mhando dhisikaundi kuti mukuru uye yakaderera tembiricha.

Viscosity pa tembiricha yakaderera iri zvazvakaipira nokuyera mwero iro inowana chimwe namakumi mashanu zviuru CP Brookfield. Ipapo tembiricha ndee. Kana kukosha iri kupfuura mabheyaringi dzinotanga kukundika. Chokwadi, kwacho kunobva zambuko mamiriro. Asi chokwadi chokuti inokanganisa Uchavatinhirira, ndizvo isingachinji chokwadi. Ndokusaka zviri zvichikosha kuita kunenge pamusoro yakaderera-tembiricha chakarurama.

Kana tembiricha kazhinji rinosvika madhigirii matatu pazasi zero, nokuti Chinyorwa gearbox yakakodzera chakaita zvokugadzirwa anonhuwirira wakati segwapa 75W-XX, uye wakazoguma zviuru zvishanu CP viscosity.

Mukuru-tembiricha yepamusoro kunotemwa dzimwe madhigirii ane zana. Naizvozvo, nokubata zvinhu haazorambi vatanga dhirika, kunyange kana vanoshanda kwemaawa makumi maviri pane mukuru tembiricha.

API

kupatsanura ichi ndicho ichiita mabasa akawanda, kuti anosarudza kuti zvaida mafuta hutachiwana. Chii nani vakasarudzwa rokuisa chiratidzo GL. Rakajairika tiri GL-4 uye GL-5.

For hurongwa pfungwa kuutengawo yedzimudzangara mafuta GL-1 uye GL-2. Ikodzere pasi munyoro uye yechipiri modes kushanda, uye kunyange musimboti yechipiri ine yokuvirisa. Asi kuwedzera kushandiswa vakaona kuti zvokurima michina.

GL-4 uye GL-5 vari nokudenga nokuti ezvinhu akasiyana zvakakwana akagadzirwa yokuvirisa. Yokupedzisira mhando Chinyorwa hutachiwana hakuchina akakodzera.

ZF

Pane imwe kupatsanura Zahnadfabrik Friedichshafen zvigadzirwa mugadziri. Kana iwe wakawana mafuta yedzimudzangara riri nani inyaya haringamiri pamberi penyu, samafuta uyu zvinoreva chemhando yepamusoro chiratidzo. Chichatara iyi nyaya ingava ZF Te-ML 01 uye ZF Te-ML 15. Nhasi uhwu mamakisi ari vachiva dzakakurumbira chaizvo.

1. ZT Te-ML 01 inoratidza mafuta kuva vasiri nemasiraidhi akapendwa panzvimbo.
2. ZT Te-ML 02 zvakakodzera mumarori nemabhazi.
3. ZT Te-ML 03 - nokuti torque converters;
4. ZT Te-ML 04 - vazhe.
5. ZT Te-ML 05 - nokuti nemotokari zvokubatisa kure-mugwagwa michina.
6. ZT Te-ML 06 - nokuti nematarakita anofamba.
7. ZT Te-ML 07 - Nokuti Cranes, dzemagetsi gadziriro.
8. ZT Te-ML 08, 09 - nokuti gozvo enyika.
9. ZT Te-ML 10 - nokuti mutakurwi motokari.
10. ZT Te-ML 11 - nokuti zvemaziso uye otomatiki transmissions.
11. ZT Te-ML 12 - nokuti yezvokutengeserana motokari nemabhazi mabhiriji.
12. ZT Te-ML 13, - nokuti chokufambisa motokari kuti NATO.
13. ZT Te-ML 14 - nokuti otomatiki transmissions kuti motokari zvebhizimisi.
14. ZT Te-ML 15 - nokuti akaputsa gadziriro chaidzo chokufambisa NATO michina.

kirasi imwe neimwe zvinosanganisira mafuta pamusoro siyana yakavakirwa mafuta-: chicherwa, Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa. Also zvakaburitswa kunosiyana inosiyana viscosity uye mhando lubricating Urume.

Zvakakurukurwa kushanda

Uye chicherwa uye Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta giya ane upenyu refu kubva maviri chiuru nemazana makiromita. Daro kunobva girisi uyewo anodawo ezvinhu uye pamasikiro mashandiro. Changing mafuta rinoitwa chete chiitiko munhu zvinhu zvachinja kwayo unongotaura.

Yakadzikama oparesheni zvinoitwa kuti pane akavimbika kudzivirira kupinda guruva enzira, unova chikonzero chikuru uchinyara. Uyewo functionality inowira uchikurukura mwando ari mashandiro. Naizvozvo, kana kereke yakapa rakaisvonaka chisimbiso zvinoriumba zvose uye mapfundo, uye kushanda zvivako vacharamba nguva nenguva refu chechetere.

Hutachiwana mafuta 75W90

Izvi lubricating Urume rinoreva multigrade kirasi. Mafuta vari gelled uye ungelled. Aimbova vane chaiwo yokuvirisa, uye vari varehwa nhamba mbiri, uye yokupedzisira harina kwaro sezvamunoita thickening uye akasarudzwa chete nemifananidzo.

Gear mafuta 75W90 chokuita gelled chimiro. Its chinhu ndechokuti panguva uchishandisa tembiricha chete viscosity, asi panguva yakaderera noukama kunova wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose.

On 75W90 mafuta giya chinhu mubhadharo dzinozivikanwa, sezvo ane unhu hwakanaka, ichipa refu zvakakodzera nokushanda mashandiro akasiyana uchishandisa modes.

Lubrication unopikiana zvakakwana pasi tembiricha kuti mana Celsius. High tembiricha vari yaitakurwa navo, uyewo mamwe marudzi, nyore nyore.

Gear mafuta 80W90

Ipfungwa ichi ane tsamba W iri rokuti, zvinoreva chando, uye muna Chirungu shoko "yechando". Gear mafuta 80W90 chokuita nemitambo muchando. Zvakangoita sezvazvakanga 85W90, akakwana kuti kutonhora kwekunze. mafuta ichi, kufanana yaimbovapo, anorondedzera kuti akarembedzwa marudzi. 80W90 anonyatsokwanisa kuti uchatamisa tembiricha kuti makumi maviri nezvitanhatu madhigirii pazasi razero.

ZIC

Funga muenzaniso nokupfuuridzirwa mafuta ZIC 75W90. It kunoratidzwa imwe yakanakisisa yakaderera tembiricha fluidity.

1. Maererano API GL-mafuta kunoratidzwa 4/5.

2. Flash pfungwa iri 230 inegumi.

3. Dururai pfungwa - 45 Celsius.

Saka, tinogona kugumisa kuti hutachiwana mafuta ichi 75W90 (mutengo iyo vanopfuura chiuru rubles, kuti kuri kukudyira nayo inodhura kwazvo), ichapa rakaisvonaka nokushanda chikwata, uye nokubata zvichabviswa kushandisa akanyatsosvika uye zvakanaka. High kuita yaunonyanya kushandisa panguva kudzivirira kupararira kubva nguva isati yakwana kusakara uye pave rakaisvonaka basa pamusoro yakareba nguva.

Zvisinei, hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti kuti kusarudza zvakarurama giya mafuta ZIC kana mumwe muenzaniso, unofanira kutanga kuteerera mirayiridzo Chinyorwa. Pashure zvose, pane motokari iro mafuta shanduko pakararama hauna yakapiwa zvachose.