Kutemerwa - chii ichi? Kufanoziva uye kufanoronga kare naMwari

Kutemerwa - iri monotheistic zvitendero (chiJudha, chiKristu, Islam) Pfungwa preloaded zvose zviitiko zvoupenyu uye nhoroondo, runobva kuna Mwari. Ndiko, zvose chaitika, zviri kuitika uye zvichaitika muupenyu vanhu vose uye munhu anoratidzwa, kune rumwe rutivi, kuda Mwari, uye pamusoro mumwe - vakasununguka kuda wacho. We vanosimbisa kuti rusununguko kwevanhu haisi shoma, asi zvose zvaitwa maererano nokuda kwaMwari.

Kuti akataura Mwari yezvechitendero uye wenhau Leonid Matsih

Leonid Alexandrovich mu hurukuro yake "Nzira ruzivo vechitendero" akapa kwete kuvhiringidza pfungwa nhatu: Mwari, chitendero uye nechechi. Mwari akaita se soro private sangano, takaparadzana nenyika, iye akasika zvinhu. Mwari, mune zvaanofunga, akasika nyika yedu (uye vamwe vazhinji hatina pfungwa), rinotarisira kukura upenyu panyika, chete kupota vachivhiringidza kosi kare, chete muzviitiko vanhu apo vari kutaura zvose zvachose zvakaipa . He, kusika nyika yedu, pakuva "kuedza" nomwoyo isingagari migumisiro naye. Saka, tingati: dzekugadzwa - chinhu chisinganzwisisiki zvouMwari dzidziso, nokuti iyo hakuna mhinduro chete. Asi tichaona pazasi. dzidziso All izere navo.

Chii chitendero, maererano L. A. Matsiha

Chitendero - kwegadziriro nevanhu uye nedzidziso, zvakawanda kana zvishoma zvinonzwisisika. Mostly pachena zvakakwana. It proposes nokuongorora zvinhu vanhu vakawanda vari kure uye anoedza kutsanangura raora kuti mananara kuti zviripo munyika. In tsika izvi hazvibviri, nokuti pfungwa dzedu nyika yakadzika uye yakakura. Too masayendisiti akawanda ano vane asi kuziva.

Ancient mazwi rima uye sviba, uye shoko "kutemerwa" - iri akafanorongerwa munhu upenyu, ruponeso kana kutongwa wemunhu naMwari. Basic dzechitendero magwaro haagoni chokubatanidza chinyorwa chake chakaita zviuru zvemakore akapfuura, pamwechete nokusingaperi-zvichiitika zvakawanwa uye michina nokubudirira. Last, zvinokosha kusimbisa kuti chitendero ose inokurukura pacharo chete chokwadi kuchinjika. Zvimwe zvose - kutsausa.

Hellas uye Rome yekare

Pfungwa iyi akatooneka munyika yekare. Olympic vamwari uye vanhu pasi zvisingadzivisiki, magumo ake, izvo vakakosa Moira vaGiriki uye vaRoma Parks. Mumwe wavo, Clotho, vakaruka tambo youpenyu, mumwe, Das Lajes, navanoruka micheka tsaona, wechitatu, Atropos, vakatsunga pekusadziviririka zviri kuitika. Ivo akayera kureba upenyu hwomunhu mumwe nomumwe uye nguva rufu kucheka shinda pfupi wematambudziko. Maererano Sophocles, kutemerwa - pavanotaurirana munhu simba wavanamwari, uye ake invariable kurasikirwa. Saka, zvine musoro kuti kutevera pfungwa wematambudziko uye mugumo.

ChiKristu zvavo

dzekugadzwa Divine - ndiro uzivi chitendero ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma nyaya. Rinobatanidzwa naMwari zvivako chaizvo nokuratidzwa zvakaipa uye kuti nyasha chokuita rusununguko.

Vanhu sezvo mutsika wenyama uye vakasununguka, vangasarudza zvakaipa nezvakanaka; Vamwe vari zvakaipa - pachena. Asi sezvo zvose aripo chinoitwa nokuda kwaMwari, zvinoreva kuti vamwe vanhu uye kugara zvakaipa uye rufu kwavakazoita - ariwo kuratidzwa kwaMwari.

Kugadzirisa kupesana ichi kwave makanzuru akawanda omunharaunda, ayo rinotsanangurwa zvakawanda chaiwo Orthodox vachidzidzisa kuti Mwari anoda ose vaponeswe, asi haadi kuti ubvise tsika rusununguko. Naizvozvo, ruponeso ose Mwari anoshandisa mari zvose kunze avo kuti kunyima munhu rusununguko. Somugumisiro, vanhu vakanga vachiziva vanoramba rubatsiro nyasha ruponeso, hamugoni kuponeswa uye Musoro hwehuMwari Mwari kare mukurasika.

Dzidziso MuApostora Pauro

. St. Paul muzvinyorwa ake anoti dzekugadzwa - iri sarudzo yomunhu ruponeso. In zvizere chibvumirano nedzidziso yechiKristu MuApostora Pauro anonyora pamusoro vaya akafanozivikanwa uye kufanoziviswa naMwari kubwinya kusingaperi. St. Ioann Zlatoust, nokududzira izvi, anonyora kuti zvaiitirwa zvose, asi hazvisi zvose kuteerera. Next yezvechitendero Feofan Zatvornik anotsanangura kuti kutemerwa raMwari haritauri rusununguko. Mwari anopa mumwe nomumwe rusununguko rwokusarudza uye kutarisira mukuru dzinokwana nezviito zvake zvose. dingindira iri kukudziridzwa St. Augustine.

Life kutaurirana. , Augustine Bishop weHippo

Augustine akaberekwa uye achigara IV Tagaste muNorth Africa. Vabereki vake vakabhabhatidzwa. Special uMwari akasiyana mai. Mwana aiva netsika nguva, chete vakazivisa, asi kwete kubhabhatidzwa.

Akanga akadzidziswa chizvarwa guta rake, uye ipapo akaramba zvidzidzo ake girama uye zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe muna Madavre, uye ipapo guru - muCarthage. The Jaya upenyu hwounzenza. Akaberekwa ari mwanakomana asiri wepamutemo Adeodat. Gare gare, asi bhuku "On mudzidzisi" achanyorwa naye.

Panguva ino mabasa Avreliy Avgustin anofarira Cicero uye anofarira zvouzivi. Zvinochinja nzvimbo dzokugara. Kwemakore gumi, Augustine aidzidzisa zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe uye girama nomutauro wake Tagaste, akabva atamira muCarthage, ipapo muRoma.

Zvino akanga ari Mediolanum, kwaakabereka pamutemo anoziva. Pano akasangana neboka guru webhaibheri St. Ambrose, achiteerera mharidzo yake uye kero kuna chiKristu. Akabhabhatidzwa uye kure chiedza. Kupa chechi yekwako zvose zvavo, Augustine anouya austerity. Rinotanga kukura mukurumbira wake ave nyanzvi yezvechitendero.

The nenzanga Hippo, kwaakanga netsaona achipfuura, vakasimbirira ake presbyter akagadzwa. Panguva iyoyowo, akavaka wemamongi rokutanga Numidia, nokududzira Scripture. Muguta Hippo, awana cheya bhishopi, zvinotora makore 35 kusvikira pakufa kwake. mabasa ayo unogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: kuti gakava Manichaeans, pakurwisana mahwanda uye kubva nedzidziso Pelagius ari mumongi. Sezvo chikamu polemic kunangana mabasa Pelagius uye vateveri vake, St. Augustine anosika dzidziso yokufanorongerwa.

Bishop weHippo nedzidziso yake. chiKristu mangwanani

Augustine ari IV remakore padzidziso yake nenyasha akawa, sezvakaita vafundisi nguva wake chakakomba zvisizvo. In maonero ake, kutemerwa - Mwari ndiye chete huchagadzirisa chii angaponeswa, uye ndiani achafa. Izvi zvazvisingarambiki uye kuchinjika. Urongwa Izvi zvakatungamirira kukurukurirano vakawanda kuti anopfuura rimwe remakore.

Pfungwa yokufanorongerwa aishamwaridzana nzira munhu pachake, kuda kwake, chinobatanidzwa kununura, kana unogona chete kugamuchira nyasha dzaIshe. In maonero ake, chivi vanhu saka akatsveyama kuti munhu anogona kuvazve kukunda zvakaipa pasina rubatsiro rwaMwari yepakutanga. Ruponeso yomunhu rwokusarudza asina kutamba kuchikosha kwete chete, asiwo vose chero basa. The rwokusarudza vanhu pashure chivi chokutanga haako. Ruponeso zvinogoneka chete vamwe - vaya vakasarudzwa naMwari, uyo akasarudza kupa kutenda uye kuponesa. Mumwe kufa. Ndizvo ruponeso - chete chiito-simba vose nyasha dzaMwari.

Dzidziso Avgustina Blazhennogo rakaitwa Western Church panguva Council of Arossim muna 529 gore. Nepo Western Church achinetseka dzidziso mumongi Pelagius, uyo akaramba nhaka chivi chokutanga, uye aidavira kuti munhu anogona kuzadzisa utsvene uye pasina rubatsiro nyasha dzaMwari. Dzidziso dzake akanzi vanyengeri.

Protestantism

The Reformation akatanga muGermany pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu chiremba uzivi uye dzidziso Martina Lyutera. Akaisa mberi dzidziso itsva dzechitendero kuti rokunyika mamiriro iri yakazvimirira yechechi, uye munhu haafaniri vanozoshanda pakati pavo uye Mwari.

Martin Luther pakutanga asingatenderi dzidziso Pelagius, asi boka racho rake zvakasimba akashorwa, uye Luther akachinja pfungwa dzake. Dzidziso yokufanorongerwa haana kuiswawo pakati dzidziso Lutheran.

The yezvechitendero uye gweta Zhan Kalvin akaumba dzidziso yake pahwaro Lutheranism, nokuita kuchinja maro. Aidavira kuti hurumende nesimba rayo rinofanira akaisa zvachose kuchechi. Akanyorawo kuti munhu wacho zvachose uori, uye vakatenda kuti nyasha dzaMwari - chikonzero ruponeso kwevanhu. Uye kudavira muna Mwari hakuna kukwana kuregererwa kwezvivi.

Maererano Calvin, kutemerwa - ichi inscrutable nokutungamirira kwaMwari. Iye akaramba ariko vakasununguka kuda munhu uye kwakaitwa nevateveri vake vakawanda avairambidzwa pazvokudya uye zvinokuzorodza. Calvin akatenda dzidziso yake anoona kukura bhishopu Hippo. Iye vaintenda kuti Kristu akafira chete nokuda kwezvivi "yokufanorongerwa kuti ruponeso," uye kwete yose vanhu.

nokufanoziva kwaMwari

Hatifaniri kufunga kufanoziva hwaMwari uye kutemerwa. Kana Mwari akafanoona zviitiko, iye nokudaro kare navo. Akapa munhu rusununguko rwokusarudza, uye kana munhu akashinga kupinda chivi, nokudaro zvikanganiswe remangwana rake. kufanoziva kwaMwari hakusi kutemerwa. Mwari hakupesani rusununguko murume, kana iye asingadi Mwari. Human rusununguko - rusununguko mufananidzo waMwari. Kufungidzira Mwari haagari asarudzira. Iye chete anoisa munhu ezvinhu akadaro kuti iye akaratidza mirayiridzo yaro; kuti chivi, kuti zvakaipa, iye kuchaita kana kuita zvakanaka, kuti chiedza. Zvakakosha kudzorwa murume pamusoro pachake.

Fate yaro dzekugadzwa

Shoko "mugumo" rinogona kureva:

• matsvene - denga, kureva Kuziviswa rakakwana nomufananidzo waMwari - hupenyu hwaMwari.
• Kuziva yepasi mauto aya Mwari akudzwe kwaMwari.
• Performance kana asiri kuzadzika kwechinangwa chaMwari.
• ezvinhu Life (kweHumwari).
• Zvizununguke, Dzoro. (A confluence hwakadaro ezvinhu oupenyu, risingagoni kudziviswa).

Kutenda mugumo sezvo ari pekusadziviririka, pane akomborerwe naMwari, zvinopesana nedzidziso yechiKristu. Panzvimbo kunzwisisa wematambudziko kwakadaro kune pfungwa wematambudziko sezvo Providence kweHumwari. Kwete mugumo bofu anodzora upenyu hwevanhu, uye Musiki All Akachenjera.

Mumwe munhu anosarudza mugumo dzavo: zvakanaka - kuva muparadhiso, kana zvakaipa - inaye mugehena. Mupfungwa iyi, mumwe nomumwe ane magumo avo. Saka chii chinoita "zvakafanorongwa dambudziko"? Sezvo isu akanyora pamusoro, Mwari isati yavambwa akafanoona (asi haafanosarudzi!), Vachaponeswa, asi ani nani unorasikirwa mweya wake. Asi iye anoedza kudzidzisa munhu munzira ruponeso. Kutemerwa munhu uyu nyaya - kutevera kuda kwaMwari.

Islam uye dzekugadzwa

Dzidziso iyi akatora yakawanda chiKristu, rinochinja yayo inokosha pfungwa kwavowo. Wana zvakakwana basa Muhammad yepakutanga - ari Korani. It, sezvo muprofita pachake, achinyora kwaari murenje Allah. Saka kana akanga kana kwete, ikozvino hapana anoziva. Asi kutaura ngano iyi.

In tsika Muporofita anotiudza kuti mumwe vokuIsrael vakarwa chiuru mwedzi (apo Anoverenga muchichinjana panze tarenda - makore anopfuura 83) pasi pomureza pakati Allah. Yakanga ushumiri zvikuru zvinoshamisa, sapamazuva iwayo upenyu hwomunhu raiva pfupi. All nezveshamwari Muhammad vakasuruvariswa kuti havagoni kudzokorora munhu Feat yakadaro.

Pakarepo mushure musangano veIsrael kuti Muporofita yakasvika Jibril Ngirozi Huru. Iye akazivisa kuti pashure yakadaro yakareba basa Israeri mwanakomana Allah anopa muprofita neshamwari dzake usiku, riri nani pane zviuru mwedzi. Akabva dzinofanira 97 zvitsauko Koran, unonzi "The simba". Rakati kuti Allah akatuma Muporofita rake Korani pausiku yokufanorongerwa kana ukuru. Usiku huno ndiyo yakanaka kupfuura chiuru mwedzi, waimira ane veIsrael. Usiku ihwohwo ngirozi dzose ndiburukire pasi uye anogamuchira vatendi vose. Allah anokanganwira zvivi uye anozadzika zvikumbiro zvose vakatendeka usiku huno tsvene. usiku huno anouya uye inodzokororwa kakawanda mumakore gumi usiku Ramadan. It is vasinganzwisisike usiku apo muprofita zvinomudzora nokufungisisa simba zvikuru uye kufungisisa uye kunamata Allah. Ndizvo zvakasarudza - 21 vakasuwa 23 vakasuwa 25 vakasuwa 27 ndipo uye 29 usiku fung. Ndeupi wavo uchava ukuru usiku?

Mune Koran, zvose zviri vashumiri zvakajeka uye vakatendeka uye kuvhiringidzika kusina. Asi, zvisinei, pane zvave kuramba gakava pakati zvitatu dzezvechitendero pamusoro dzidziso yokufanorongerwa.

Kunze kwaizvozvo, Islam kunewo pfungwa "mugumo." Anoziva zvose Allah kunyange isati yavambwa aiziva chii chinoitika zvakasikwa uye munzanga, kuti achaita zvakanaka kana zvakaipa munhu kana mhuka. Munhu anotenda muna Allah, anonyatsoziva kuti vafadzwe, uye izvo zvingakonzera kusagutsikana kwayo kana kunyange hasha. Asi murume simba uye kururama pakusarudzwa, asi nokuti pashure chakaipa chiito anofanira kutendeuka.

ano maonero

A nekubvirana pasi rino nyaya vafundisi havana kuuya. Zvino nendege inenge hafu chemakore. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvishoma nezvishoma, kwete vanoda zvikuru kumhedziso, chechi iri kuuya zvinodavirwa muchitendero ayo, izvo zvakaoma kunzwisiswa. Kwete, kana ukabvunza webhaibheri, iye Ndichasimuka dzidziso zvakanaka sezvo iye akanzwisisa. Mubvunzo yakasiyana: mhinduro chete haako. Asi dzidziso yokufanorongerwa - mumwe chikuru zvinodavirwa muchitendero dzidziso.

Lyrics F. I. Tyutcheva

Vabayiwa dzechitendero nyanduri-muzivi F. I. Tyutchev, ainyatsoziva chii yaiva Orthodoxy "kutemerwa." Tiutchev kwete wotaura akapa zita iri kuna rake pfupi uye inovava nhetembo. Kana kutemerwa inopiwa naMwari uye mugumo, ipapo, zvisinei kuti beysya, murume mutadzi anogona kutiza nayo.

Love Tyutchev haangavi kuonekwa pahwaro pfupi ziso. Witty, aifara, yakashongedzwa runako zvishoma akapinda pakutanga mumba make kushanyira vanasikana vake, uye ipapo mumwoyo nyanduri. Vakatsanangura chaizvo pakati June 1850. Musi uyu F. I. Tyutchev haana kukanganwa pashure Helena akanga aenda. zuva rino akadana "havo zvinouraya." Zvakaipa afunga kuda majaya vadzidzi of Smolny Institute Elene Denisevoy. Ivo kudanana nomwoyo wangu wose. Sezvo makore gumi gare gare akanyora Tiutchev, iye akafemera kwake wose. Zvinoguma ukama mutadzi uye vakaramba chiedza uye vabereki vangu kwemakore 14 E. A. Deniseva. Nhetembo, "Kutemerwa" Tyutchev akasika pakutanga kuvazikamwi kwavo, makore 13 asati afa Elena Alexandrovna. Asi mutambo ezvinhu, apo mumwe munhu anoda, uye mumwe angozvibvumira rudo, runoratidzwa zvizere.

Tiri kutanga kuita Kuongorora munhetembo Tiutchev, "Kutemera." Munguva vamakumi mashanu, kwouzivi nhetembo Tiutchev kunonyanya rima uye rinorema. Panguva kukurukura Elenoy Aleksandrovnoy nyanduri delves munzvimbo yerima uye apererwa mamiriro. Ose nhetembo hunoumba "denisevsky" kutenderera, kuora mwoyo uye mukuzvizvidza. Nechekare muna 1851, akabvuma kuti anovada uye anoparadza zvinouraya kuti zvose dearer mwoyo wake. Rudo rwake vakaenda musikana usina nyadzi. "Kutemerwa" Tiutchev akanyora chete muna 1851, kana anoona unouraya mukadzi anovada uye rubatsiro kunogona.

mhuri mbiri

Mudetembi zvabvamburwa. Mweya, akanga akasungirirwa vakadzi vaviri. Vose ake kunamatwa. On mumwe wavo, Ernestine Feodorovna, akararama, sezvo kuva muwanano. Zvakanga noushamwari uye musha wake. Ernestine Feodorovna akaita zvose zvaanogona kuti kuchengeta mhuri pamwe chete, pasina kutaura chinhu chinozvidzwa. Asi mune imwe imba uye akabvarura mweya wake.

Detembo, "Kutemerwa" zvakanyorwa pakutanga yokukurukurirana. Rinotaura ukama mweya vavo yenhamo duel. Mudetembi akanzwa kuti zvikuru rudo vanogona kwaizombomiswa chete kana kurwadziwa mwoyo iznoet mukadzi. We kutanga Kuongorora nhetembo, "Kutemera." Ndakaona Fedor pakutanga kubatana Elenoy Aleksandrovnoy? Kusabatwa kurwisa mwoyo, apo munhu akasungwa kuva norudo uye kutambura. Zvechokwadi, Denisiev mugove, izvo anofunga pacharo chaiye, mudzimai Fyodor Ivanovich wechokwadi, akauya pamusoro kusurukirwa kuti chete ijeke vana. Zvinonyorwa mune metrics sechipiriso Tyutchevs, asi vanokudzwa uye vanhuwo zvavo.

Shomanana Biography E. Denisiev

Elena aibva vanokudzwa mhuri varombo. Iye nokukurumidza akarasikirwa naamai vake, uye baba vake pavakaroorwazve. Akanga akarerwa tete vake, uyo akashanda ari mudzidzisi panguva Smolny Institute. Sezvingatarisirwa, musikana ndokumuka payo dzidzo, ndakawana yokunyika tsika uye aizoita machisa akanaka. Nyaya Elena Alexandrovna upenyu anticipates ari Kuongorora nhetembo, "Kutemera." Kwete chete Tiutchev, asi zvaiva pachena kuti musangano rakadaro haatongogumi zvakanaka. Pashure pezvose, musikana ane kuenda uye akatanga kupenya munyika, ini ndirege chete kuroorwa uye kuva mudzimai akanaka uye amai. dzekugadzwa Divine zvakanaka urongwa zvose dzevanhu uye nevavariro yakanaka.

Upombwe, nokuti mhuri nyadzi - inoratidza izvi iye akararama kwemakore gumi nemana, muromo zvose pachangu kuva nyanduri. Detembo, "Kutemerwa" chinoratidza zvinyoronyoro tariro nezvezvakanga ichi, risingagoni kuva chepamutemo kuenderera. Zvisinei, iye akanga akasimba uye kwete kubvaruka. Waani makodzero? Tinofunga kuti mukadzi uyo akanga akasunganidzwa tighter kuna Fyodor Ivanovich. Akanga chiedza yake pahwindo, shinda, unobva munamati nenyika. Gurai ukama aireva kwete chete kuparadza mukurumbira, asiwo kuuraya amai nevana vake vatatu.

Artistic achishandisa munyori

Musoro nhetembo, "Kutemerwa" (ongororo inoratidza izvozvo) kwava tariro norudo, tariro. Her simba uye vaneshungu kukunda mwoyo, vaviri haagoni. Chokutanga, rokutanga quatrain ari musangano, ipapo yenhamo batanidzo mweya vavo yenhamo duel (ndopakaperawo), uye zvadaro norufu nyanduri aona simba nyoro uye. Tinopedza patinotaura pamusoro nhetembo "yeMutondwe", dingindira kuongorora. Ikozvino ngatitaurei pamusoro nemamiriro ndima

Ndezvipi mifananidzo nzira dzakashandiswa Nyanduri paakanyora, "Kutemerwa"? Tiutchev ndima zvakanyorwa iambe tetrameter. Uyu ukuru. Asi sezvo mweya nyanduri zvakabvaruka kufunganya uye nenyonganyonga, anopinda mariri uye pyrrhics muvaravara. Nemhaka iyi unyanzvi kushanda, "Kutemerwa" ndima chiduku. Mudetembi anoshandisawo enzaniso, anaphora, lexical kudzokorora, inversion. Detembo, "Kutemerwa" Tiutchev akanyora sokuratidzwa maonero ake pamusoro rudo uye dzinouraya zvichaguma. The pfupi chimiro nhetembo, misara vasere chete pane kwete musangano chete, asiwo remangwana rufu rudo rouprofita.

Muna May 1864 murwere Elena akabereka mwanakomana. Akanga atova mwanasikana Helen uye mwanakomana Theodore. Baby uye mwanasikana vachafa 1865. Fedor zvikuru agumbuka nokuda izvi matambudziko. Ainzwa sokuti mwoyo wake akabvarura panze uye akagura musoro wake, akaramba achichema. Mwanakomana Fyodor kukura kuva mupurisa uye akafa muchipatara panguva World War First.

Gare gare, kumativi "denisevskom" kutenderera Hurukuro inokosha kuchaitika pfungwa rufu, kuparadza, kuparadzwa, umo nyanduri blames pachake. Iye zvikuru kumbozvidemba asina kusunungurwa panguva upenyu Elena Alexandrovna bhuku rwakazvitsaurira kwaari. Tataura nhetembo "Kutemerwa" (Tiutchev). The kuongorora unopirwa dzizere nezvaanogona.