Lipid metabolism: zvikamu zvikuru zvemafuta metabolism

Lipid metabolism is the metabolism of fat and fat - like substances. Kushandurwa kwemapiritsi kunosanganisira zvikamu zvina: kuparadzaniswa, kupindira, kupindirana uye kugoverana kwekupedzisira.

Lipid exchange: cleavage. Nyaya dzakawanda dzinoita chikafu dzinodonhwa nemuviri chete mushure mekutanga kwekudya. Pasi pesimba rekudya gorosi ivo vanodheredzwa (vakaputsika pasi) kumashonga ari nyore (glycerol, yakakura mafuta acid, sterols, phosphoric acid, nitrogenous bases, yakakwirira yewaini, nezvimwe), iyo inowanikwa ne mucosa yemugero wekudya.

Muchikamu chemuromo, zvokudya zvine lipid, zvinogadziriswa zvinopwanyika, zvakasanganiswa, zvakanyorova nemate uye zvakashandurwa kuva coma yezvokudya. Yakagadzika mashizha ezvikudya kuburikidza nesopa rinopinda mudumbu. Pano ivo vanovhenganiswa uye vanogumburwa nejusi ramuviri. Gastric juice ine lipolytic enzyme - lipase, iyo inogona kuputsa mafuta emulsified. Kubva mudumbu, mashizha ezvokudya anopiwa mune zviduku zviduku mu duodenum, ndokubva apinda mukati meganda uye iriac. Pano nzira yekugadzirisa lipidhi yakagadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa zve hydrolysis yavo zvinoputika. Bhiri, pancreatic juice uye muviri wemukumbo zvinobatanidzwa mukuputira muviri.

Bhiri chinhu chakavanzika chinogadzirwa ne hepatocytes. Bile acids inosanganisira bile acids uye pigments, hemoglobin decomposition products, mucin, cholesterol, lecithin, mafuta, mamwe enzyme, mahomoni, nezvimwe. Bhiri inotora chikamu mu emulsification ye lipids, kupatsanurwa kwavo uye kunyorera; Inokurudzira hutachiwana hwemucheche peristalsis; Ane bhaptericidal effect pamutsipa microflora. Bile acids inogadzirwa kubva kucholesterol. Fatty acids inokonzera kukanganiswa kwemawere emadonhwe emafuta, kuisa emulsifying iyo, kukurudzira kusunungurwa kwepancreatic juice, uyewo kushandisa chiito chema enzymes akawanda. Mumuviri muduku, mashizha ezvokudya anonyura kubva pancreatic juice, iyo inosanganisira sodium hydrogencarbonate uye lipolytic enzymes: lipase, cholinesterase, phospholipase, phosphatase, nezvimwewo.

Lipid exchange: absorption. Nyaya dzakawanda dzemidziyo dzinowanikwa munzvimbo yezasi ye duodenum uye munzvimbo yepamusoro yejjunum. Mishonga yezvokudya zvinokonzerwa nekudzivirira muviri zvinoshandiswa ne epilllium yakaipa. Iyo kunyanya pamusoro pe epithelial cell yakawedzerwa nekuda kwe microvilli. Zvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira zvinonzi hydrolysis zvinogadzirwa nemafuta akaisvonaka mafuta, di-and monoglycerides, mafuta ane mafuta akawanda, glycerol, glycerophosphates, nheyo dzine nitrogenous, cholesterol, yakasimwa dorosi uye phosphoric acid. Muchikamu chakaoma chemukati, mapolytic enzymes haawani. Mucus yemukati huru ine zvishoma zve phospholipid. Cholesterol, iyo isati yakwana, yakaderedzwa kuva cola koprostelin.

Lipid metabolism: iri pakati pesabolism. Mune lipids, ine zvimwe zvinoshamisa, izvo zvinosanganisira kubuda patsva kwe lipids inherent in munhu mumukomana muduku pakarepo mushure mekunyanya kwezvinhu zve cleavage.

Lipid exchange: final exchange. Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira yemiti yakakosha yemetabolism ndiyo carbon dioxide nemvura. Iyo yekupedzisira yakanyanyisa muhutano hwemuti uye jira, chikamu chiduku, mweya wakaneta. Carbon dioxide yakawanda kwazvo. Shanduro yekupedzisira yemapoka ega ega lipids ane zvinyorwa zvayo.

Kushungurudzika kwepfungwa inokonzerwa nemasabolism. Lipid metabolism inoparadzaniswa mune zvirwere zvakawanda zvinotapukira, zvinopinda uye zvisingaitwi. Ihwo hutachiona hwepidid metabolism hunoonekwa mukudarika kwehutano hwehutano hwehutachiona hwehutachiwana hwekugadzirisa, kuswa , biosynthesis uye lipolysis. Pakati pekunyangadza kwehutachiona hwemagetsi, kuwedzera kunowanzoverengwa.

Kuwedzera muviri kunotarisa muviri kuti uwedzere kuwedzera kukura nekuda kwekuwedzera mafuta mafuta muzvinyorwa zviduku uye mamwe maviri emutumbi uye nzvimbo ye intercellular. Mafuta anowanikwa mukati memafuta emafuta ane maitiro e triglycerides. Nhamba ye lipocytes haina kuwedzera, asi ivo voga inowedzera. Icho uhwu huwandu hwehupiytesti iyo ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kuneta.