Mabviro imbwa: nhoroondo uye zvinofadza zvinhu

Four-makumbo marefu shamwari - chinhu chinokosha muupenyu hwedu. Zvakaoma kufungidzira vaizo sei vanhu vaigara pasina vabatsiri vakatendeka vakadai. Mabviro imbwa - mubvunzo kuti pachine hapana mhinduro yakajeka. Kune shanduro dzakawanda, akaita zvinopfuura chiuru nemagene kuedza uye bvunzo, asi mubvunzo yasara yakazaruka. Edza kunzwisisa pane pfungwa uye kuziva sei kumativi domestication shamwari dzedu mana makumbo marefu zvakavanzika zvizhinji zvakadaro.

Dzidziso yemhindumupindu

Dog - a dzinodya dzimwe mhuka canine. Maererano nedzidziso yokuti, muna ichikosha of Paleogene rokutanga - Paleocene (makore mamiriyoni 50 apfuura) pane atova yokuzviparadzanisa nyama, izvo zvaizoitawo rakakamurwa suborders maviri: feliformia uye caniformia. Mumwe vamiririri chechipiri suborder wokutanga vanotenda mhuka dzakadai progesperotsion. Zvavakanga nokungwarira vaiona zvisaririra dzaro, tinogona kugumisa kuti akanga sembwa: muromo, unopinza meno, makumbo marefu, refu muviri. Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru suborder vachiri rakakamurwa muzvikwata zvitatu.

Boka rokutanga raisanganisira vamiririri zvizvarwa progesperotsiona wechipiri - mhuri borophagus, uye wechitatu - bumhi. Raiva mhuri rokupedzisira mavambo uye imbwa zvine chokuita, nokuti, maererano nedzidziso yemhindumupindu, shamwari dzedu mana makumbo marefu akarikunda kubva mapere.

zvekungofungira Darwin

Darwin rwendo muchikepe "Beagle," akamutendera kuenda kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana. Iye, kufanana munhu, akadzidza matangiro imbwa uye vakaedza kuwana chokwadi. Darwin akawana inonakidza muenzaniso, waiva kuti dzinoita dzembwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo ndivo chaizvo zvakafanana dzavo zvimwewo zvinhu kurarama ikoko genus Mapere. Somuenzaniso, mune imwe nharaunda musha imbwa rakanga rakafanana makava vaigara imomo, uye mumwe - pamusoro makava. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana chaizvoizvo vaigara rudzi imbwa zvakafanana veko nezvikara.

Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti mavambo imbwa nokuti kuti, sechikamu dzisingadzorwi maberekero yakaitika mhuka crossbreeding zvakasiyana: makava, mhumhi, makava, Coyotes (nekuti mumiririri nomumwe 39 majoko okutodza, vanogona chaizvoizvo kuva chizvarwa remasanganiswa). Somugumisiro, mumwe erudzi akanga yakagovana zvakafanana pamwe kuti kana mamwe maonero, asi panguva imwe chete yakasiyana kwaari. Asi chaizvoizvo, vamwe dzinoita vari chaizvo akafanana makava, makava uye vamwe. Uye kana isu kuwedzera ichi kusarudzwa uye chakagadzirwa selection, zvinokwanisika kuti mavambo mhando dzembwa Rinobatanidzwa ne kuyambuka mhuka dzemhuri imwe.

An nzira maonero

Pasinei nokuti imbwa achiri inoreva Mapere pfungwa, mamwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti wakabva "prasobaki". Zvichida mamiriyoni 30-40 apfuura, paiva nerimwe boka pazvikara, unova baba wechipfuwo imbwa. Pane uchapupu hwokuti ari Zvakafukunurwa pakati zvisaririra zvemhuka yekare, sezvinoita imbwa zvakawanikwa. Zvisinei, chero nechigadziko zvesayenzi uye uchapupu pfungwa iyi maonero haako.

The phenotype imbwa uye imbwa maberekero

Sezvataona, nhoroondo kwakabva imbwa haina aizvinzwisisa. Zvakaoma kutaura mhedziso zvakarurama, uyo aibva. Asi kunyange kunakidza ndiyo hazvizivi kusarudza uye maberekero. Pane anenge mana dzinoita akasiyana imbwa. Vakasiyana kureba, uremu, ruvara, chimiro nzeve uye muswe, uye zvimwe zvezvinangwa ose domestication zhinji.

Chiitwa ane chinangwa chikuru ndechokuti ruchikonzera uye kuvandudza dzemarudzi imbwa inonzi imbwa. Kusarudza kuongorora anonyanya kwakavakirwa chipfuro kubviswa imwe rudzi imbwa. Kune zvinhu zvitatu: decoration, kuvhima uye basa. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe pane zvimwe zvinodiwa: uremu, urefu, musoro, chiso, mhuno, etc.

mashoko anonakidza

Zviduku rudzi imbwa - zviri Chokwadi, Chihuahua. Mumwe wevamiriri vayo Boo Boo anoyera magiramu 600 uye ane mumhu 10 masendimita. Chuhuahua - söpö mhuka shamwari. Ivo vanonyara chaizvo, kuziva uye kunyatsocherechedza. Asi chikuru imbwa (Great Dane erudzi) - Zeus, kukura 110 masendimita uye uremu vanenge 70 makirogiramu. Izvi erudzi huru pakati imbwa hunotapira chaizvo uye tamba, asi chete noruremekedzo vazvo. Vamiririri Miti iyi kazhinji vakadzidziswa kuva wevarindi.

Kwakabva shoko "Imbwa" Anonziwo akafuka yakawanda wezvakavanzika uye zvakavanzika. In Russian, izvozvo akazviratidza muzana remakore rechi12. Kune shanduro dzakawanda nezvemavambo reshoko. Mumwe munhu anofunga kuti rinobva Turkic "Kobyak", iro rinoshandurudza se "dzaichengetwa chikara." Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko Slavs akatendeuka nawo nyore raidudzwa "imbwa". More sayenzi shanduro, iyo zvinoodza nyanzvi dzakadai Miller uye Vasmer, iri pakuti shoko "Imbwa" rinobva pashoko Iranian Inu, iro anoshandura se "kutsanya." "Dog" kana "Hort" kusvikira muzana remakore rechi12 rakanzi mhuka. Uye zvinofadza kuti "imbwa" yaishandiswa imbwa pamwe gobvu bvudzi, asi "Hort" nekusiyana, nokuti risina mvere dzinoita.