Madhoo Pfungaidzai: mifananidzo, mabasa, kugadzwa

Fire, uye vachitevera payo kupararira utsi mumba kwete chete kunounza mari nezvinhu, asi vo nokurasikirwa upenyu. Vazhinji vedu funga kuti huru moto ngozi kunobva pakunzwisisa kumusoro tembiricha asi nhamba akasuwa chinoratidza kuti migumisiro zvinokuvadza uye combustion zvigadzirwa haidereri ngozi kuutano.

musimboti oparesheni

rwokuzvarwa utsi chiutsi gadziriro kunobva panheyo mhepo kupisa kuyerera. Rine nzira dzakawanda kudzoreka zvigadziriswe: kure kudzora utsi madhoo vachishandisa michini mwaranzi, kuzvidzora ukomba uye anokosha sensors uye bhatani ruoko-akabata.

Natural kufefetedza Tsika chido zvinogona kushandiswa mhando dzose mumba, chete vanofanira kunhonga zvakakodzera hushande. SNIP (utsanana dzemunharaunda uye Regulation) kutsanangura zvose zvakafanira parameters nomoto nemishonga mumwe mhando musha.

Zvichienderana chinangwa zvebhizimisi uye ayo patency anogona gadza anofambidzana siyana wegadziriro: vakaparadzana mahwindo pamwe zvemagetsi kuzvidzora kuti mabhizimisi ane diki musumbu vanhu kana anokosha hurongwa zvakaoma kuti vasangane zvikuru zvinodiwa kuti moto vakachengeteka.

Design uye kukarukureta utsi madhoo

Design utsi rokubvisa gadziriro rinoitwa mumatanho dzakawanda.

Danho rokutanga kudzidza zvose zvekushandisa mapepa pamusoro kugadzwa yacho.

Akatevera danho kunosanganisira pakuongorora aripo kufefetedza miseve (kana) uye dzavo hwakadzama kuongorora. Uye chete pashure tinogona mberi kuti kuverenga.

Kuongorora pamasikiro chinhu - rinokosha chaizvo mudariro, sezvo chete pashure anogona kusarudza kupfuura yakakodzera midziyo nzvimbo. Pasina pamusoro-nzvimbo kufefetedza miseve vanachiremba kuona kana paine mukana dzokuwedzera kukurukurirana. Kana akadaro mukana, unogona kutanga dzemaitirwe.

Mabasa vanosvuta madhoo

Madhoo inoitirwa kuzvishandisa kuita:

1. Natural yunifomu jekeso. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, panhongonya chiedza iri kaviri sezvo zvinobudirira divi. Soutsi madhoo akafukidza chinenge ose mativi mutinhimira nzvimbo, kuvheneka mutengo mari rakanyatsojeka chakazvibata. Uyezve, dzinongoitika kwaedza kunowedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye kunonatsiridza utano, izvo zvikuru mumahofisi.
2. Natural kufefetedza. The Kugara riparadzirwe mhepo yakachena anoramba hwomutambarakede tembiricha mumba, izvo zvakare kunoita kuti kuponesa mari chakagadzirwa kufefetedza.
3. Utsi rokubvisa. Nokubviswa utsi pakaita anoita zvakanaka kushandisa yokupukunyuka migwagwa vanhu uye inobudirira nokushanda kununurwa mabasa.
4. Chinokosha anoitwa engineering enyika. Madhoo vanosvuta mune zvimwe zviitiko anogona kubvisa kudiwa kubata mhepo offtakes.

Kuzvidzora nehurongwa vanosvuta madhoo

utsi madhoo vari akakwanisa kushandisa unyanzvi hwakasiyana mugadziriro matatu mhando: kufefetedza kudzora hurongwa, kudzora maitiro uye utsi chiutsi yakavhenganiswa hurongwa.

gadziriro iri rakakamurwa maererano mhando kudzora mashandiro. Vanogona kuva mhando nhatu: pneumatic, yemagetsi uye pneumatic-magetsi.

Madhoo vanosvuta kuzvidzora gadziriro iri kusashanda rwoga pachishandiswa anokosha sensors, vanoteerera kuwedzera mhepo tembiricha kana utsi muimba. Zvisinei, maererano mutengi utsi mamiriro anogona mberi vakapakata namano uye kure Chinyorwa kutanga, uye kumhanya napakati moto aramu hurongwa.

Mukuwedzera, kudzora ventilating madhoo zvinogona vakapakata inokosha sensors uye Meteorological chiteshi. Muchiitiko chino, mune mhepo yakasimba uye kunayisa utsi madhoo zvichabviswa kuvharwa kwaita.

Dzinobatsira kurumbidza nokuti kugadzwa utsi madhoo

Mamiriro huru pasi iyo kugadzwa utsi madhoo anogona kunzi akarurama - ndiko dzavo dzakafanana urongwa padenga meimba. Zvisinei, kana mumba riri zvinhu dzakasiyana combustion kuchinyanya akabvumira gogonera kuparadzirwa manholes.

Kana kugadzwa manhole vanofanira kufungawo pakona kuti zvinodiwa denga; kana chiri madhigirii asingasviki 12, kufadza daro kubva kumucheto pedenga kusvikira tsotsonya ndiyo 10 metres, kana zviri zvinopfuura 12 metres - daro ichiwedzerwa kusvika 20 mamita.

Daro pakati manholes kuva asina asingasviki 20 M uye kwete zvishoma pane vakaverenga refu mativi cover mbiri (kana diagonal).

Kubva inoshanda nemaonero zviri zvikuru rikurumidze mu basa ravo richava kutarisira vakawanda madhoo duku, pane vashomanana guru. denga materu zvishoma pane madhigirii 12 kunoreva fanira kuisa kanenge imwe tsotsonya 200 sq. m, vanopfuura 12 madhigirii - 400 sq. m.

Utsi madhoo anogona kuiswa pa pamatenga nezvirwere akasiyana coatings: Kamudzira, zvakasimbisa kongiri, etc. Zviri fanira kuita kufungawo placement uye dunhu mutoro akaverenga nemagadzirirwo rwakazara ... The kupfuura kakawanda mugumisiro zvikanganiso Panguva iyi - overcooling mumba munguva yechando uye overheating mu inopisa mwaka.

Special zvinodiwa

Pakusarudza uwandu utsi madhoo munzvimbo yakatsvikinyidzana nzvimbo yacho inofanira kuva akaenzana kana anopfuura 3% of nzvimbo pasi nzvimbo.

Nzira pakuverenga yaiungana utsi madhoo yemitambo iri sezvinotevera: kana padariro uriri kunharaunda asingasviki 150 sq. m, utsi madhoo kunge kanenge 3% payo. Kana pemvura nzvimbo yacho pfuura 150 sq. m, utsi madhoo nzvimbo rinowanikwa kubudikidza nzira: A = 0,5 √2F-100 (F - pose nzvimbo pasi kwechikuva).

Saka, munyaya muudzame mhando utsi madhoo uye mibvunzo naro yavo.