Mari: tsananguro uye zvinokonzera

Money, tsanangudzo iyo dzichakurukurwa pazasi, kazhinji kunzi mumutauro musika, nekuti achibatsirwa wavo majana zvinhu uye nenhumbi. Vatengi kutenga nhumbi kubva vagadziri, iyo zvino kupa mari kuti mari inopiwa kwavari veruzhinji. Akarongwa zvakanaka uye zvakajeka kushanda mari hurongwa chendangariro kutsiga National kugadzira, mutengo kutsiga uye basa zvizere.

Saka chii mari? Tsanangudzo Economic inoti kuti chiyero kukosha nenhumbi. Zviri kuburikidza mari isu kuyera uye enzanisa mari dzakasiyana-siyana ane chigadzirwa. Asi panewo kwakadaro chinhu se "mutengo mari." Kutsanangura zvakaoma kupa. Zvose zvinoenderana chii isu neshoko rokuti "mari." Chokwadi chokuti mari izwi iri chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda, uye mumwe tsanangudzo kumusoro, zvakazara kuziva zvinoreva shoko hazviiti. Rega kunzwisisa chii mari. Uye zvavari.

siyana mari idzi. kutsunga M1

Hapana nezvoupfumi kana machinda haana kubvumirana vanhuwo mafungiro pamusoro zvinoumba M1. chiratidzo ichi chinoratidza mari nerubatsiro, chine 2 zvinhu:

1. Cash (zvose pepa simbi), wakashanda zvose zvoupfumi nevasori, kuwedzera rwezvemabhengi masangano.

2. deposits (vachiongorora deposits) muna nemari mabhanga, yezvokutengeserana mabhanga uye dzimwe mari masangano, pamusoro paunogona kunyora macheki.

Saka mari - ndiwo chikwereti pamusoro pehurumende uye ayo masangano, uye tarisa deposits - munataisireva thrifts uye zvokutengeserana mabhanga.

Chii chinonzi mari? tsananguro M2

Official chikwereti yakakura mashoko akanga dzataurwa nokuda madhipatimendi. M2 = M1 + nemari nhoroondo (beschekovye) + dhipoziti nyaya, mari pamusika + nguva deposits (asingasviki 100 000 $) + yakawiriranwa mari mari pamusika. Pfungwa huru ndeyokuti zvose zvinoumba M2 chikamu, unogona nyore uye pasina kurasikirwa kutendeutsa kuti Cash kana kutarisa deposits.

Money: tsanangudzo M3

The dudziro wechitatu - M3 - kunozivikanwa ndechokuti yakatarwa-izwi deposits (pamusoro $ 100,000), izvo anowanzonzi inowanikwa nhaka zvebhizimisi hurongwa muchimiro chezvinhu maakaundi ake okubhengi, zvakare, unogona kushandisa nyore kuti cheki deposits. In zvitupa izvi vane musika private apo vanogona kutenga kana kutengesa chero nguva. Asi zvinokosha kuyeuka pamusoro mukana zvichiita varasikirwa. Chakawedzera nguva deposits kuna M2 muchikwata, tinowana chetatu inonyatsoita kuti kuona mari: M3 = M2 + nguva deposits (pamusoro $ 100,000).

Zvinokonzera mari inokwana

The zvinokonzera kurwisana nhema vari chigadzirwa, uye kutaura zvazviri ari kupokana pakati mutengo wayo kushandiswa ukoshi:

- mari mutengi zvinhu zvose quantitatively incommensurable uye qualitatively yakasiyanasiyana uye kunosiyana madhigirii basa. Pizza uye majombo kwete chete kutarisa, asi chinoitwa vamiririri akasiyana-siyana;

- Price zvigadzirwa quantitatively akafanana uye homogenous. Naizvozvo, panguva kuchitsinhanisa ungafananidzwa uye kwaenzaniswa zvikuru zvekumwe zvinhu.

Dzomunyika kupokanidzana chinhu kuonekwa chete Exchange kwacho. Uye hazvigoni dzinoongororwa pasina achiisa pamusoro pamusika. The chete nenzira iyo kuyera mutengo wayo - ndiko kuti kuzvifananidza nevamwe zvigadzirwa. mutengo mashoko pamusoro kugadzirwa kwenhumbi anonzi kuchitsinhanisa kukosha, phased kukura inotungamira kuna zvokunze polarities nekutumirwa kwemauto yomunyika zvokutengeserana yokurwisana uye, vose zvavo, - kupikisana mari uye zvinhu.