BCG (the mushonga): mibairo, matambudziko, contraindications

Tiibhii - ngozi zvirwere yakakonzerwa Mycobacterium tibhii, uye Mycobacterium tiibhii. Zvirwere anovandudza nokukurumidza, ane zvakawanda zvinokonzerwa uye zviome, kusiya chiratidzo muviri upenyu. Zvinosuruvarisa kufanana nevamwe vakawanda kudaro, chirwere nyore kudzivirira pane kumisa chirwere akasimuka. Kusvika panguva chete nzira yokudzivisa TB ndiro BCG-nhomba. Consequences, zvakaoma kunzwisisa uye contraindications - nyaya.

Achiongorora zvaive zvakanyorwa pamapeji BCG mushonga

Ko chidimbu BCG? zita achiongorora zvaive Latin riri zvichishandurwa sezvo BCG bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Akashandurirwa Russian, zvinoreva "bacillus Calmette-Guerin." Saka, hazvina zvinoderedza chidimbu BCG. Achiongorora zvaive ichi - zvakananga kuverenga abbreviations Latin, zvakanyorwa Cyrillic.

BCG mushonga: chii?

BCG - iri kuturika pamusoro attenuated mycobacterium bovine marudzi nokurasikirwa virulence vanhu. Pane mhando mbiri:

1. BCG - zviri Mycobacterium tiibhii ari Kuronga mushonga hapandiringani kukonzera chirwere. Zvisinei, mari iyi yakawanda kuitira kuti muviri akakwanisa kutanga kutapata pamusoro chirwere ngozi. Munyika dzose, pasinei mugadziri, murwiyo zvakafanana mushonga. Saka hazvibatsiri kuronga "rudzi" nokuti dzimwe zvigadzirwa pamusoro pachavo chivimbo kuti zviri nani pane anopfuyiwa.
2. BCG-M - nokuda kwakaderedza kwevari microbial miviri (kaviri zvishoma kupfuura kwakajairika BCG mushonga), izvozvo nhomba pamusoro tibhii magadzirira, simba vana. Uyezve, kana mwana upi chikonzero, "akafuratira" muchipatara, uye haana kupinda mushonga nguva, kureva BCG-M rinoshandiswa muzvipatara.

Saka kana uchida kuti mushonga?

Hazvina chakavanzika kuti mushonga haapi 100% zvinovimbisa kuti dzakwidzwa utachiwana tibhii haisi kuzoitika. Saka zvino chii chinonzi kuti, zvamunokumbira. Chokwadi chokuti BCG zvinowanisa TB kutapata, anokwanisa kupa kudzivirirwa simba pamusoro chikuru chirwere, uyewo zvinoita arambe nevanhu vatakuri TB hweHIV. Kana muviri ichiri kusimba kupfuura chirwere, kuti mushonga kuchaita kudzivirira kukura kunyanya inorema, geniralizovannyh siyana tibhii (miliary uye neakangwara chimiro). Saka, pasina kupa dziviriro zvizere pazvirwere, majekiseni akawanda aivabatsira chirwere kana vatapukirwa.

Ndiani akakurudzira BCG kubaya?

Vaccination inokurudzirwa Mapato vanhu:

1. Vachangoberekwa. All vana BCG vanofanira kutowanikwa nhomba pagore. Zvikurukuru munzvimbo rurefu hwakapararira tibhii.
2. Persons vari kuramba uchikurukura utachiona TB (kazhinji vanamukoti tubdispantserov etc.).

Pazera ripi BCG majekiseni?

BCG pavanoita? Primary kubaya akasarudza kuitisa achangoberekwa mwana utano nokuda 3-7 zuva roupenyu. chiremba Pre vanofanira kuongorora mwana, kubata lämpömittari (kwakakwidziridzwa muviri tembiricha nzira iri contraindicated), kufungawo pachako nhoroondo uye zvose zvinobvira contraindications. Uyezve, vana nhomba pamwe BCG vakaitwa chete pashure kubvunza ane chiremba pamwe rakapedzwa migumisiro nemiedzo ropa uye weti nemiedzo.

The mushonga unofanira kutarisirwa intradermally, chokunze pose mafudzi kuruboshwe, kuti dose haafaniri kupfuudza 0,05 MG. Chidobi of nzira inosanganisira zvishoma nezvishoma nhanganyaya - kuitira kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti tsono anodonhedza panguva achida akachinjikana. Kana wakaita nemazvo, kuti jekiseni nzvimbo aumbwa papule ane dhayamita pamusoro 7-9 neMM, chena ruvara, kazhinji inonyangarika pashure 15-20 maminitsi pashure nzira.

Vana, nokuti mumwe chikonzero kana mumwe asina kunge nhomba muchipatara achirapwa kubaya Pandakangowana mukana. Zvisinei, kana, kubva pakazvarwa mwedzi anopfuura maviri asati kubaya kwairayirwa mune iri Mantoux bvunzo. With yakanaka mugumisiro BCG wairambidza mufambiro.

Zvokurapa Nhoroondo chiremba achangoberekwa vanosungirwa kuti nyora kubaya, zvichiratidza musi kubaya, kuti mushonga akatevedzana nokudzorana nhamba. Uyezve, nyaya kutaurwa uye pasherefu upenyu akapinda chinodhaka, uyewo mugadziri.

Kunokosha! Place mushonga chinorambidzwa kubata chero mhinduro. Maronda ari havabvumirwi.

Nei nhokwe?

Uyewo, vanachiremba kazhinji kuti nei zvakadaro mangwanani kusvikira BCG. Patinenge nhomba, vabereki nei achangoberekwa mwana achiri asina simba nezuva retatu riri pasi nemuedzo wakadaro. Chokwadi chokuti zvinhu netiibhii ndechokuti havasi varwere vose vanoziva pamusoro dambudziko, rambai kutungamirira zvakajairika muupenyu. Sevatakuri nezvirwere ngozi, vakasununguka kuenda paruzhinji, kuchikonzera kutyisidzira kwazvo, kunyanya mwana muduku. The mukana musangano mbudzana pamwechete utachiona ndiyo huru kwazvo. Ndokusaka kubaya rinoitwa napo mangwanani kusvikira panguva pakuyerera mwana akatotanga akatanga kuumba kutapata kuti Mycobacterium tibhii.

BCG revaccination

Revaccination vachava vana pasi pemakore 7 uye 14 makore, asi chete kana kusafarira Mantoux bvunzo. The penguva pakati Mantoux uye booster haafaniri kupfuudza kwemavhiki maviri.

Zvinosuruvarisa epidemiologically vanotambudzika kumatunhu munyika evana utachiwana Mycobacterium refu kutangira booster, saka zvakare havana pachena kuna BCG.

Chii pezvakaitwa kuitika mumuviri pashure BCG?

Muna jekiseni nzvimbo pakarepo vanotanga kusvika macrophages (monocytes kana - rudzi leukocytes), absorbent Mycobacterium tibhii. The causative mutumwa chirwere anofa pamwe macrophages, zvichiguma nokuumbwa necrotic caseosa. Kuenda kunze, vanovakonzera scarring pa nzvimbo chourongwa yacho mushonga.

The pakarambwa BCG

Response ndiko kukura ane papule panguva jekiseni nzvimbo, iyo kazhinji mumanyoro vacheche mavhiki 4-6 pashure kubaya. At nzvimbo inoculation ndiko kuti aumbe vanga, iro saizi kuzotonga acquisitions mu TB kutapata. Saka, kana pashure BCG vanga rakaumbwa 2-4 neMM, ipapo tichiti muviri batanidza vachachiramba denda mukati mumakore 3-5. Kana ukuru 5-7 mm - muviri anodzivirirwa kwemakore 5-7 uye pana 8-10 mm - kwemakore 10.

Kazhinji, kuti mushonga zvakanaka akashivirira, asi dzimwe nguva pane chimiro siyana:

• BCG nokukanganiswa. Kana akatsvuka haaratidzi kuti dzakapoteredza zvinyama iri vakachengeta chete panguva batanidza zvakaitwa, ndicho chakaipa nazvo. Mune zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko, kuwedzera akatsvuka uye kuzvimba anogona kuumba keloid vanga. Chikonzero chokunetseka izvi hazvigoneki; zvokuti ganda ikasakendenga zvinodhaka.
• BCG raora. Suppuration uye abscesses - kwomuzvarirwo kubaya zvinoriumba, iyo ichaitwa nokukurumidza. Kwachiremba vanofanira, kana kuwedzera chinoda kugadziriswa vakapoteredza nzvimbo kubaya akazviratidza akatsvuka uye kuzvimba, zvichida muchikuvadza chirwere kwakaitika, izvo hazvo tinofanira kubatwa.
• BCG rirwadze. Kunetseka uye kuenda chiremba kunodyira chete panyaya kupararira edema uye kuzvimba paganda bandauko, mhiri nzvimbo kubaya.
• BCG itches. Kuvava panguva jekiseni nzvimbo - kuipa, asi vanachiremba angarayira kuisa gauze pamusoro ronda kudzora mwana kubva scratching.
• Tembiricha pashure BCG. Nefivhiri ari rusvava kusvikira 38 madhigirii ndiyo ndozvakajairwa, asi kana une mwana-gore nomwe pashure revaccination vakachengeta tembiricha simuka, hwobva kwachiremba.

Ko kushaya akapindura?

Kana pashure kubaya panguva jekiseni nzvimbo haina kuumbwa vanga, chiri chiratidzo chokuti mushonga haana inobudirira, nekuti kutapata zvirwere ngozi haina kuumbwa. Nechikonzero chokunetseka mune iyi hakufaniri: imwe nguva paakaudzwa kusafarira Mantoux bvunzo kunogona kuitwa revaccination pasina akamirira makore 7 of zera.

Kushaikwa achipindura wokutanga kubaya havachamboshandisi, rinowanikwa muna 5-10% vana. Uyezve, vanenge 2% yevanhu panyika tinozvarwa kutapata kuti tibhii. Izvi zvinoreva kuti varwere hwavo, havagoni pfungwa.

Contraindications kuti kubaya

Contraindications BCG hakusi yakakura, izvi zvinosanganisira:

1. achangobva haaremi pane 2500 d (pa 2-4 mwero Prematurity).
2. Chenjera nguva chirwere kana exacerbation echirwere zvirwere. Vaccination muchiitiko ichi yaifanira chete pashure mushonga wakakwana, kana kurapwa zvinoratidza chirwere ichava wokupedzisira.
3. Vachiberekwa immunodeficiency.
4. Kuvapo rusvava mumhuri generalized BCG hweHIV.
5. -NeHIV vanamai.
6. Neleukemia.
7. Rwekenza yelymphoma.
8. Suppressive kurapa zvinodhaka kutapata.

Contraindications kuti revaccination

Contraindications kuti revaccination ndiwo:

1. Exacerbation echirwere zvirwere kana rikwanise chirwere panguva kubaya chete BCG. tembiricha muviri (yakawedzera) kwakakomba nharo kuti chinja kusonanidzwa. Yemanyorero revaccination rinoitwa mwedzi pashure kupora.
2. Malignancies.
3. Immunodeficiency ezvinhu.
4. Tibhii (kusanganisira kupora rwakazara).
5. Zvakanaka pavakanzwa Mantoux bvunzo.
6. Matambudziko pashure chikuru kubaya.

Persons vari kwenguva pfupi asingachaiti kubaya nokuda contraindications, vanofanira kuva pasi pokudzora vamuri kushanda, uye kufungisisa kuti apore zvizere uye inoculation. Persons pasi revaccination, uyewo kukutarisa uye vanofanira kuonekwa nokusava batanidza maitiro pashure 1, 3, 6, mwedzi 12 pashure nzira.

Izvi zvinosanganisira vachiongorora kuti batanidza sei?

cheki ichi rinoitwa pashure 1-3 mwedzi, mwedzi mitanhatu uye rimwe gore pashure kubaya uye revaccination, chinosanganisira:

• Registration ukuru yomunharaunda kuita.
• Registration hunhu nemapinduriro (kuongororwa kana paiva paumbwe papules, pustules kana crusted mupendero). Uyezve, pigmentation achiongorora nzvimbo inoculation.

BCG: yematambudziko zvinobvira?

Kana mushonga isina chokutya? Iye ane kuomesa kwakaita BCG-nhomba? Migumisiro kungazviratidza muchimiro:

• Osteitis - tiibhii of mafupa. Kukura chirwere kazhinji kunoitika pashure pemakore 0.5-2 pashure kubaya, rinoita zvakakomba kusagadzikana dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri.
• Generalized BCG chirwere - achiumbwa pamberi hwomwana chokuziva zvirwere zvirwere.
• Kuzvimba node raiva pedyo nebundu - kunoda pakarepo kuvhiya kupindira kana pane rakapinza kuwedzera node raiva pedyo nebundu kukura (pamusoro 1 masendimita ari dhayamita).
• Cold pute - kunoda kuvhiyiwa. Fani iyi ndiyo migumisiro subcutaneous (pachinzvimbo intradermal) vatarisire BCG mushonga. Vaccination, zvakaipira vari sezvinotevera, waiitwa kuverenga nokunyora.
• Keloid vanga - iri dzvuku, kuzvimba ganda pa nzvimbo inoculation. In pamberi vanga revaccination pazera nomwe haina kuitwa.
• Kukuru urikanwi inoratidza refu aikanganiswa mwana zvinoumba kugadzirira. Kazhinji kupiwa zvomunharaunda kurapwa.

Kugarisana nevamwe yokudzivirira

BCG mushonga wakananga, ari mawa kushandiswa zvimwe zvinodhaka izvo inadmissible. Kunze, hazvibvumirwi kuita mamwe majekiseni kwete chete pazuva rakamiswa BCG, asiwo kwevhiki 4-6, panguva panowanikwa anwa mushonga. Mushure jekiseni BCG kune mamwe majekiseni vanofanira kupfuura mazuva anenge 35-45.

Asati BCG kubaya kungava mwana pamusoro nehepatitis B. The chete ezvinhu ane immunological zororo nguva, kureva kusvikira makore 3 months mwana contraindicated chero majekiseni.

Babycare pashure BCG

Kazhinji, chero migumisiro mushure kubaya hakuitiki, asi unofanira kuva chinhu kuitirwa "reinsurance":

• Chokutanga, mwana Kudya anofanira kugara chete. Mushure kubaya, mwana anogona kuva mvura chitsiko, nefivhiri, uye kurutsa. Migumisiro izvi zvose vari vakakwana, havafaniri kumirira ngozi upenyu uye utano.
• Antipyretics (pamwe proviso kuti hapana mwana anorwara) anofanira kupiwa usiku ari tembiricha pamusoro 38,5 inegumi. Kana febrile nokugwinha kurapa fivha kungava pa 37.5 inegumi.
• Kushandiswa antihistamines ndiyo zvikuru kunaka. Akatsvuka uye kuzvimba vanofanira kuenda: a kumuviri anogona kugadzirisa voga.
• Bathing haina wairambidza.

Bvunza chiremba kana hazvibviri kuuya pasi tembiricha antipyretics (paracetamol), kana mwana kudzikama uye refu akaramba kudya. In kugwinha, kurasikirwa pfungwa uye chinoda kugadziriswa hosha nzvimbo inoculation pakarepo kudaidza amburenzi.

Kurambirwa BCG

Nhasi, vakawanda kazhinji vana vabereki vakaratidza kusagutsikana nezvavamwe kana zvimwe yokungoitawo majekiseni, dzakurukurwa hunokuvadza. The fashoni ndiyo tsika vasiri kubaya. BCG-nhomba, zvakazokonzerwa kuramba kuti akasuruvara zvikuru, hapana chakasara.

Kubva Anti-tiibhii mushonga zvinogona kupiwa saizvozvo sezvo mamwe. The mitemo of Russian Federation anoratidza zvakanaka kuti, nokudaro ochinja mutoro vana nevabereki vavo.

Chii ndinoda kuona panyaya iyi? Nhasi, ari pachena achazoburuka ndiyo zvakawanda pamusoro zvachose zvose. Mumwe munhu anokwanisa kuzvidzora-kudzidza nyaya chokuita kuti upenyu uye utano kwaari uye nemhuri yake, kusarudza uye tora basa zvavanotenda.

Kana ukasarudza kwete baya mwana wavo - hapana achati chinhu naro. Chete vanofanira kunyora kwake Paakaramba pamusoro mepu, iva nechokwadi kuti zvinosanganisira kuti zvichaita vasina kutaura kuti mudonzvo mushure.