Mycobacterium tuberculosis: zvinhu zvei microorganisms

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Koch sticks) mabhakitiriya ane gram-positive akaumbwa anogona kuita masimba akaita shinda. Izvo asidi-yakasimba uye isina simba, ine yakawanda ye lipids nemasvingo mumasvingo avo, izvo zvinofananidza kupikisa kwavo kuora, chiedza chezuva kana kuoma. Izvi zvipembenene zvine mavara ane aniline dyes uye zvinoratidza kukwirira kwepathogenicity uye hydrophobicity.

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti maitiro ehutano ehutachiona aya ndiwo maitiro e-coccoid uye ma-fomu, kunyange zvazvo akawanda acho ari madete uye akajeka, zvidzitiro zvishoma. Mukuwedzera, Mycobacterium tuberculosis iri mune cytoplasm Fly zviyo (specific acid-labile granules).

Kana tichitaura nezvemagariro evanhu ava mabhakitiriya, ivo vane vanaerobes vane simba kana kuti aerobes. Chimiro chavo chinonyanya kuwedzera kukura uye chidimbu cheproteine uye glycerin kuti ibudirire kubereka. Pamusoro pezvinoshandiswa mumhepo, idzi microorganisms dzinoumba firimu yepamusoro. Pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvemashoko ezvemutauro, mycobacterium tuberculosis kana yakagadziriswa chimiro chakaoma wrinkled coating yemuchero wemuvara, kutaridzika kwemakoloni avo kwakafanana neholiflower.

Pathogenetic features

Chinhu chinokosha chepathogenicity is "cord factor". Izvi ndizvo glycolipids, izvo zvinodzivirira Koch matanda kubva pa phagocytosis uye kusarudza kugadzirisa zvinokonzera tsvina kumatumbu evanhu vanorwara. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti mycobacterium tuberculosis inoratidzirwa nehutano hwakawanda hwemaantijeni, saka kushandiswa kwavo ne antigenic zvinhu hakuiti kushandiswa.

Chirwere chepabonde chinotapurirwa Muzvirwere zvepachirwere ichi, nzira nhatu dzehutachiona dzinoonekwa. Inenge iri mumhepo, kuburikidza nemukaka une utachiona hwemhuka (zvokudyaary) nemhepo-guruva. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti munhu munguva yehupenyu hwake kazhinji anotaurirana nevarwere vanokonzera tuberculosis, asi chirwere hachikure, chinoenderana nekuramba kwechimiro.

Matanda aKoch anowanzopfuura nepakati penzira yekufema, iyo inotorwa ne macrophages. Gare gare, chinangwa chebronchopneumonic chinowanikwa panzvimbo yezvibhakitiriya izvi, uye nzvimbo dzomunharaunda dzenharaunda dzinowedzerawo. Chinonyanya kukosha chepachirwere chinogona kukonzera pneumonia uye kuitika kwehutachiona hwehutachiona. Nekudzivirira kwakasimba kwehupenyu, mycobacteria inogumira kuwedzera. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanogara mumuviri kwenguva yakareba uye vanogona kushanda mushure memakore mazhinji.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti kuongorora kwokutanga kwechirwere ichi kunowedzera mikana yemugumisiro wakanaka wechirwere ichi. Kusvika iye zvino, kazhinji kacho vanoshandisa nzira dzekupedzisira dzokuongorora, pakati payo iyo inotungamirira inotambidzwa ne polymerase chain reaction.

Kana uchiita PCR nechirwere chetachiona, zvinokwanisika kuona DNA yematanda eKoch, kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu ediki, kana zvisingakwanisi kutsigira kukura kwechirwere nemimwe nzira. Mukuwedzera, kushandisa PCR, zviri nyore kuona kumira kwemycobacteria kumunhu mumwe nemishonga. Kuti uite izvi, zvakakosha kukopa mazita ezvakaberekwa zvinokonzerwa nekudzivirira kwebhakitiriya ku rifampicin, isoniazid kana imwe mishonga, iyo inotora nguva inopfuura maawa 48.