Mhondi: sei kuvaka sement?

Kuti uwane chigumisiro chepamusoro pakuvakwa kwemhando ipi zvayo yezvakagadzirwa, zvakakosha kuita maererano nemitemo inowirirana nemhando yese yebasa. Saka, kana paine nheyo dzechivakwa, kuvaka masvingo nezvimwewo zvakadaro, marudzi akasiyana ezvitoro anoshandiswa, nzira yekushandura imwe neimwe yakasiyana. Asingazivi nzira yekudzikisa simenti kuti awane kuumbwa kwemajeri anodiwa, hazvibviri kuva nechokwadi chekubudirira kwechigadziro chebasa rakaitwa.

Mhando dzezvivakwa zvekuvaka

Usati wapindura mubvunzo uyu: "Unganatsiridza sei sement?" - tichakurukura mune zvinyorwa zvinyorwa izvi zvinoshandiswa. Pamwechete, inotevera maitiro ezvinyorwa anogona kusiyaniswa:

• Concrete solution. Rudzi urwu runoshandiswa mumabasa akadaro sekuisa nheyo, kusimbisa zvivako zvakasiyana-siyana, zvigaro zvepasi uye vamwe. Nokudaro, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa sement yepamusoro makoro. Inogonawo kuonekwa kuti kazhinji idzi marudzi emishonga anoshandiswa nekuda kwezvinangwa izvi, zvakadai se slag Portland samente, alumina zvinhu uye vamwe.
• Cement-lime yakagadzirwa. Iri rudzi rwekugadzirisa rinogona kushandiswa nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana (kwekubatanidza, kwekucheka, kwe "kupopera" nevamwe). Cherechedza kuti zvakakosha kuziva nzira yekudzikisa simenti, kuenzana kwezvinhu uye kugadzirira kwechiitiko chimwe nechimwe, sezvo nguva idzi dzingasiyana.
• Masonry yakagadzirwa.

Nzira dzekugadzirisa mhinduro

Funga kuti ungasunungura simiti sei pamishonga yakasiyana-siyana. Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, dhaka rekrete rinoshandiswa pakuita nheyo. Kugadzirisa kwekugadzirwa uku kunogona kutarisa pamashoko akawanda, akadai semwaka wegore (apo chivako chiri kuvakwa), mamiriro ezvinhu enyika yacho (nzvimbo), nevamwe. Various additives (plasticizers, kushandiswa kwakasvibiswa uye vamwe) zvinogona kushandiswa, izvo zvinonyanya kuwedzera maitiro ekrete, kuderedza nguva ye "kuisa", kudzivirira kuonekwa kwekuputsanya, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Zvisinei, zvinokwanisika kusarura pfungwa huru dzinoshandiswa kune marudzi ose ekunyorwa kwekrete. Uyezve, kuitira kuti uzive nzira yekuvaka simenti yeheyo, ruzivo runotevera ruchanyatsobatsira:

• Zvose zvinogadziriswa zvinogadzirisa nguva dzose - simenti, jecha (inokurudzirwa kushandisa chironga chebasa), girafu (rakapwanyika dombo) uye mvura.
• Chiyero chezvikwata zvinogadziriswa zvichienderana nerudzi rwebinder, kureva kuti, yakakwirira sendimeri yegorosi, iyo inokurudzira kusagadzikana kwemhinduro. Saka, kwemamiriyoni mana ejecha kushandiswa kwezvinhu izvi zvichave zvakadai: M150 - 230 kg, M200 - 185 kg, M300 - 120 kg, M400 - 90 kg. Uyewo chiyero chinopesana nemhando uye chekrete yekrete. Kana mabhuku akaisa dhaka anogona kusanganiswa nekutora zvishandiso zvakaenzana (zvakaratidzwa mune zvimwe zvikamu): simenti M 300 (1), jecha (3.5), marara (rakapwanyika dombo, 5) nemvura (1/2). Muchiitiko ichi, krete 50 inowanikwa.
• Mvura haifaniri kuva nezvisina kuchena zvakadai samafuta, chlorine mazana, zvigadziriswe zveimwe mhinduro uye yakafanana.
• Unhu hwekugadzirisa huchava huri nani kana kukotama kuchiitwa mukanganisi wekrete.

Cement-lime yakagadzirwa yakagadzirirwawo zvakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekushandiswa. Semuenzaniso, kuita zvipfeko munzvimbo dzekupfeka kukuru (stair flights, walkways, nezvimwewo), zvinokosha kuwedzera kushandiswa kwebinder. Zvisinei, tinokwanisa kubatanidza nzira yakabatanidzwa yezviito, pfungwa huru dzayo dzinotevera:

1. "Kuchenesa" raimu nemvura mune imwe chigadziko chisati chaitika.
2. Sakanidza sande nesamende.
3. Bvisai musanganiswa mumukaka weiyo.

Chiyero chezvinhu zvichienderana nebasa racho:

• Nokupedza masvingo nedenga - simenti (60 kg), lime (140 kg);
• Nokushanda pamatanho - samende (100 kg) uye lime (140 kg);
• Nokuda kwekuita kwepara pajeri-simenti (50 kg), lime (140 kg) uye jecha (1 m ³ ).

Mhinduro yekugadzira matombo inogona kugadzirirwa nenzira inotevera:

1. Sakanidza sande nesamende (3: 1) kuitira kuti huwandu hwakafanana hunowanikwa.
2. Bvisa nemvura, iyo yakawanda inofanirwa nehuwandu hwomunyoro mujecha. Iwe unogona kusarudza maziso, zvishoma nezvishoma unozviisa kumudziyo uye uchikurudzira. Mhinduro yacho inofanira kunge iri ductile uye inoramba iine mapepa.
3. Nyaya yacho inofanira kushandiswa mukati maawa maviri.

Kuziva nzira yekudzikisa sement kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvitoro, unokwanisa kunyatsosarudza chiyero chezvikamu uye kusanganiswa kwemamiriro. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinogoneka kuvandudza zvakanyanya kunaka kwebasa iri pasi pemishonga iyi inoshandiswa.