Chii lestvichnaya hurongwa: tsanangudzo, chinangwa uye kushandisa

Agnatic ukuru ari historiography inozivikanwa somumwe hurongwa yokugara iri monarchies. Most kazhinji izwi rinoshandiswa chokuita Ages nguva Rus feudal kusabatana.

Rakatanga hurongwa

Generic musimboti wenhaka (kana zvimwe "lestvichnaya mamiriro") yakabuda pakati Rurik hwedzinza. Pakutanga, Russia aiva chete centralized mamiriro wayo muzinda muKiev. Yakauya 882 apo Oleg vakabatana idzva guta wokumaodzanyemba kubva Novgorod Guru. machinda akazotevera akatonga, kurarama pamahombekombe Danube. With chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe Rurikovich vachiwedzera varume (hama, uye thoroughbreds t. D.).

Muzana X remakore Svyatoslav akatuma vanakomana vaduku magavhuna mune mamwe maguta. Tsika iyi vasiya vatsivi vake. Panguva iyoyowo, izvi zvakaita kuti mhirizhonga uye internecine hondo. Muchinda muduku ndisingadi kuva mumamiriro ezvinhu kuvimba Kiev uye kana pachavo akakunda guta rino, kana akazivisa rusununguko yavo. Zvisinei, nguva imwe neimwe separatist hondo wakadaro dzakaguma muna mumwe chete, mumwe musarudzo dzakakundwa, vaidzvinyirirwa vavengi ayo uye kuzodzosera kubatana simba. Yakanga isati lestvichnaya ezvinhu, asi zvokuvamba ayo chete.

nzwisisa

Maruva yekare Russian wehurumende akauya muushe Yaroslava Mudrogo, uyo akafa muna 1054. Kufanana namadzibaba ake, ndiye zvakare akatuma vanakomana vaduku magavhuna (mu Novgorod, Pereslavl, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Uye, chokwadi, kamwe hondo yakatanga nekuda ichi. Jaroslav Zvizvarwa kugona kugadziriswa nechisimba, ndiani wavo zvakarurama, uye naizvozvo vose vakaungana paImba Congress Liubech. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1097. Panguva ino, simba nharo nevazukuru Yaroslav. Yakanga pamusangano uyu lestvichnaya maitiro rakazoshandiswa.

A nekuyanana vakazobvumirana nokuti kuti upfumi hwenyika uye zvinakire nyika dzave vasanyanya ne kugara hondo. Uyewo, Slavs vaityisidzira muvengi kwokunze. Ndivo Cumans - muArabhu mhuka vaigara mumapani kumaodzanyemba uye kumabvazuva kweRussia. Vari kugara akarongeka dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya achienda rugare rweguta, vakabirwa kana kuzviuru mutero. Kurwisana navo, kumanikidza duku kwavabati haana kukwana. Hurumende hwakapera kuva yose, zvakanga zvakafanana Pacchiwaku pamucheka, apo mumwe nomumwe "chidimbu" nokutsvairwa zvavanofarira.

The huru mapato ari reCongress vaiva Svyatoslav Izyaslavovich (Muchinda Kiev), Vladimir Monomakh (Pereslavl muchinda) uye Oleg Svyatoslavovych (Muchinda Chernigov). Vanongogara asatenderwe mumwe. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakakwanisa kubvumirana. , New lestvichnaya nhaka yezvinhu nevamwe mapato anoratidza kunyorerana mitemo vatongi vose.

Key zvinhu

Machinda vakaziva akaenzana. Mumwe nomumwe wavo akapiwa nhaka, raakatanga kubva baba vake. Zvikurukuru, izvi zvaireva vachiziva rusununguko amachinda muzinda Kiev. Panguva imwe cheteyo, "mai maguta Russian" vanofanira kudzora muchinda, aiva mukuru iri imba. Izvi zvaireva kuti pashure Svjatopolka simba vanofanira kuenda Vladimir Monomakh (yake), sezvakaitika muna 1113. Izvi kwaiva yakananga-lestvichnaya hurongwa. Kiev apfuura kubva vakura kumuduku mukoma. Uyezve mirayiro vaiva vana vokutanga, zvichiteverwa dzavo vazukuru uye zvichingodaro. D. The hurongwa kwave kugadzikana. Kazhinji mubvandiripo vamhan'ari vakapandukira vakuru vavo. Dzimwe vakabudirira.

Chimwe Utongi anonakidza chinosiyanisa lestvichnaya nhaka hurongwa kwave tsika Rogue. Vanonzi vamiririri Rurik youmambo, vane madzibaba haana kurarama kusvika jana rake mambo Kiev (kana mumwe guta). Kazhinji, vadzingwa izvi vaiita basa basa nevamwe vatongi uye vave adventurers. Vamwe vakapiwa nhaka rinokosha kudya itsva, kuti chakawedzera uwandu masangano ezvematongerwo enyika mukati Russia.

Kufanana ne senoratom

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti zvakafanana mirairo muRussia vaiva handivo. Munyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope, kuMiddle Ages, nheyo iyi yakanga yakakurumbira senzira yakanaka nzira yokugadzirisa kusawirirana pakati mhuri simba. Pane senoratom inonzi ino. Musiyano chete ndechokuti hurumende yeRussia Papera akapinda padanho disintegration, uye zvinoreva gare gare, uye akaputsa.

Russia uye lestvichnaya hurongwa

Uyewo machinda Liubech vakabvumirana kuti zvino vose vacharwa Polovtsian uye kutumira squads avo hondo mukuru. By uye guru raiva chete nemigumisiro Lyubech Congress muna 1097.

Naizvozvo zvose gore musiyano pakati nepakati uye mumatunhu muKiev akatonyanya kuoneka. Akadaro lestvichnaya simba yedzimudzangara hurongwa yazova mumwe kiyi zvikonzero izvi. Kiev pakupedzisira yakarasikirwa hutungamiri kwayo, pashure pokunge akabatwa uto Andreya Bogolyubskogo muna 1168. Panguva iyoyowo Vladimir-Suzdal Prince haana kuramba pamusoro Dnieper, uye akaisa shure nomutsigiri kwayo. Izvi pakupedzisira akasimbisa hurongwa itsva yezvinhu - akarega kuva guru Kiev Rus.

Haisi uye chakaita kuti tsika mukaha pakati pamaguta kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba. Mumakore okutanga, apo pakange lestvichnaya system (tsanangudzo akanga akanyanya akakurumbira pakati kare muzana XIX remakore), hazvina oneka chaizvo. Zvisinei, Mongol nechisimba uye kwaita simba Lithuanian ezvinhu pakupedzisira akamira chero kutaurirana pakati kumaodzanyemba uye mudondo inowanzorimwa kuchamhembe.

zvinokonzera

Kazhinji pane gakava: chii lestvichnaya hurongwa? Ichi mutsaona kana kuri muenzaniso. Okufananidza Analysis weRussia uye monarchies kuMiddle Ages European inoratidza kuti kutoti zvinotevedzana mumaratidzirwo nhoroondo. MuEngland, France, uye kunyanya kuGermany kumeso ndiye kusabatana chokuita kudzoka kunyika zvokudya. Handifungi nhaka kwakapiwa imwe muchinda - nokuti yagara iri kukupfura, riri rimwe kwavabati akanga ikure uye makirisito simba.

Hazvina kirasi ichi (nemamwe mazwi, ramangwana boyars) raiva seri kuonekwa kuzvimirira mune amachinda zvemisoro. Agnatic ukuru haasi chete nzira yavangabata pazviri aizviti "pakati". Mugore Russian kuchamhembe (Novgorod, muPskov) kusvika XV-XVI emakore. Chamber uye Republic iripo format. Vagari Maguta aya neushamwari takasununguka. Kwavo rusununguko machinda rakaitwa zvibvire nemhaka upfumi (uchaitwa kuchinjanisa pamwe dzokumadokero vavakidzani), uyewo mukutsinhana nemagariro pamwe navose chete vokuEurope (somuenzaniso, pamwe nenhengo pakati Hanseatic League).

Kurambirwa agnatic ukuru

Agnatic ukuru vakapona nguva Mongol ushe Russia. It vaisanganisa tsika kuti zvisiri kubva khans kutonga (iyewo, sezvo mutemo, chisarudzo inowira vachifarira vakwegura). Panyaya iyi, pfupa nenharo haana Kiev, effete, uye Vladimir-on-Klyazma.

Kana vakabatana ukuru Russian kumativi Moscow (XV remakore), kuti Kremlin vatongi vakaramba dzinouraya yemberi tsika. Power rava autocratic uye bedzi. Hama nedzimwe makono hama vave vabati kana magavhuna nominee mudunhu.