Kana vakaona America? Nhoroondo kuwanikwa America. Gore kuwanikwa America

Year yawanikwa America anogona kunzi kuchinja muupenyu Europe. Pauchadzidza kuvapo kondinendi itsva, vazhinji vakatanga kuenda kufamba kwokunakidzwa kuti, kuongorora kundima itsva, edza kuzvishandisa.

Columbus yakawanikwa America

The gore apo aiongorora Spanish akavhura mutsva pasi munhau anonzi 1492-ndipo. Uye vose dzimwe nharaunda North America, Somuenzaniso, kumatunhu Alaska uye Pacific egungwa akanga zvawanikwa nezvokumwe kutanga namasere remakore. Zvinofanira akati kuti chipo chinokosha kuti kudzidza kondinendi uye vafambi kubva Russia.

kuitwa

History of kuwanikwa North America Zvinofadza chaizvo: unogona kunzi netsaona. Panoperera chiSpanish aiongorora namashanu remakore Hristofor Kolumb uye ake rwendo asvika nemahombekombe North America. Zvisinei, iye akanga amufungira kuti aiva kuIndia. Kubvira kunotanga panguva apo America yakavhurwa ndokutanga wayo kukura uye tsvakurudzo. Asi vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanodavira kuti zuva kururama, vachiti kuwanikwa imwe kondinendi idzva kwakaitika ipapa.

Mugore chii yakawanikwa America?

Year Columbus yakawanikwa America - 1492-ndipo - kwete musi chaiwo. Zvakaratidza kuti aiongorora Spanish vakanga vamutangira, uye izvo - kwete chete. Pakati pezana remakore rechigumi iri Normans akafamba pano pashure yakawanikwa Zimbabwe. Zvisinei, ivo nyuchi nyika itsva akatadza, nokuti vamutye ekunze ezvinhu ari kuchamhembe kondinendi. Uyezve, Normans vo kutya chinhambwe kubva kondinendi mutsva Europe.

Maererano vamwe, kuti kondinendi akawaneiko vafambisi yekare - vokuFenikiya. Vamwe kunobva nguva, apo akaziva America, akadana pakati Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga BC, mapiyona - the Chinese. Zvisinei, shanduro iyi kushayiwa uchapupu hwakajeka.

It vaiona chakavimbika kupfuura mashoko nezvenguva apo VaViking yakawanikwa America. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi Norman uye Bjarni Heryulfsonom Leif Eriksson Helluland kwakawanikwa - "ibwe", Markland - "Forest" uye Vinland - "yemizambiringa" enyika, izvo vanozivikanwa chete panguva imwe chete Labrador Peninsula.

Pane uchapupu hwokuti kunyange pamberi Columbus muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu, yacho kuchamhembe akatambanudza Bristol uye Cantabrian vehove, vakanga akaritumidza pachitsuwa Brazil. Zvisinei, nguva nenguva izvi nzendo kuti havagoni inganzi chiitiko chinokosha munhoroondo kana yakawanikwa chaizvoizvo America, t. E. Wati vanozivikanwa somunhu mukondinendi itsva.

Columbus - piyona chaiye

Kunyange zvakadaro, kana akakumbira mugore chii yakawanikwa America, nyanzvi anowanzonzi remakore rechigumi nemashanu, kana pane kuguma kwayo. Uye wokutanga uyo akazviita, maererano Columbus. The nguva apo vawana America, rakaenderana nhoroondo nguva apo vokuEurope vakatanga kuparadzira pfungwa pamusoro Wepasi kumativi chimiro uye mukana kusvika India kana China nzira Western, kureva mhiri Atlantic Ocean. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti nzira iyi rakapfupika zvikuru kupfuura okumabvazuva. Saka, tichifunga Portuguese anotambura kudzorwa South Atlantic, zvichiguma Alkasovasskim chibvumirano muna 1479, Spain, nguva dzose achitsvaka zvakananga nevanhu Eastern nyika, vakatsigira rwendo pakati Columbus Genoese aidzidzisa zvakasimba mune westerly negwara.

vapemberere buri

Hristofor Kolumb kubvira pazera vanofarira jogirafi, geometry uye zvenyeredzi. Kubvira achiri muduku, iye chaibatanidzwa zvomumvura nzendo, akashanyira dzinenge dzose iyoyo munyanza. Columbus akanga akaroora mwanasikana Portuguese kuzvikepe, kubva raakatanga vazhinji mepu uye rinoti nguva Henry ari Navigator. The ramangwana akawana pavo vainyatsoongorora. urongwa hwake chaiva kuwana gungwa nzira kuIndia, asi kwete pasina kuenda kuburikidza Africa, uye zvakananga mhiri Atlantic. Sezvo dzimwe nyanzvi - vaairarama, Columbus aidavira kuti, kuva aenda kumavirira Europe, zvichiita kusvika kumabvazuva eAsia - avo nzvimbo pane India uye China. Zvisinei, haana kunyange kuziva kuti gwara uchasangana yacho yose, kusvikira panguva aizivikanwa vokuEurope. Asi zvakaitika. Uye kubva panguva iyoyo uye ane kwayakatangira munhau kuwanikwa America.

Wokutanga rwendo

Columbus ngarava wokutanga nechikepe kubva chiteshi Palosskoy wechitatu August 1492. Paiva matatu. Kuna Canary Islands rwendo akatumira zvikuru zvakadzikama: tatamuka uku mugwagwa yakanga vafambisi chava kuzivikanwa. Asi nokukurumidza vakawana vari rakakura munyanza. Zvishoma nezvishoma vanhu vakatanga kuva mwoyo uye kurera kutsutsumwa. Asi Columbus akakwanisa anokunyaradza ari vasingadzoreki, kuvatsigira tariro. Nokukurumidza akatanga kuonekwa zviratidzo - harbingers munyika pedyo: vasingazivikanwi shiri nendege, nechikepe mapazi emiti. Pakupedzisira, pashure rwemavhiki matanhatu rwendo, magetsi usiku, uye kana mambakwedza vakaputsa, vafambisi asati azarura chitsuwa zvakasvibirira wakajeka, zvose chakafukidzwa nezvinomera. Columbus akasvika pamhenderekedzo, iye akataura nyika nefuma korona Spanish. The chitsuwa rainzi San Salvador, ndiko kuti, Muponesi. Rakanga mumwe maduku zvidimbu nyika yemaguta kuBahamas kana Lukaysky yezvitsuwa.

Earth, apo pane goridhe

The zvemo - savages runyararo uye hunhu hwakanaka. Pavakaona makaro nechikepe zvishongo zvendarama kuti yakaturikwa pakati zvemo mumhino nenzeve, nezviratidzo akaudza kuti rwezasi inyika rinoreva izere goridhe. Uye Columbus akaenda mberi. Mugore iroro akazarura Cuba, iyo, kunyange vakatora kuna yakaoma, kutaura zvazviri, nokuti kumabvazuva pamhenderekedzo Asia, Akazivisawo Spanish nyika. Kubva rwendo urwu, akatendeuka kumabvazuva, akanamatira kuna kuHaiti. Panyaya iyi yose nzira vokuSpain akasangana savages vasiri vachida chete kuchinja zvishongo zvavo nendarama girazi marozari nezvimwe trinkets, asiwo nguva dzose akanongedza kumaodzanyemba kana akabvunza pamusoro ichi simbi anokosha gwara,. On Hispaniola, iyo Columbus ainzi Hispaniola, kana Little Spain, akavaka diki nhare.

dzokera

Kana zvikepe chakasungirirwa pane chiteshi Palosskoy, vose vanhu vakasvika kumhenderekedzo kusangana navo zvizere chinokudza. Very nenyasha akatora Columbus uye Ferdinand uye Isabella. Mashoko kuwanikwa yeNyika Itsva kuparadzira zvakasimba chaizvo, sezvo makasimba achienda uye achida kuenda ikoko pamwe akawana. Panguva iyoyo vokuEurope haana pfungwa chii America yakawanikwa pedyo Hristofor Kolumb.

rwendo rwechipiri

History of kuwanikwa North America, iyo kwakatangwa muna 1492, akaramba. Kubva September 1493 musi June 1496 wechipiri mumutsetse rwendo Genoese aidzidzisa. Somugumisiro, Mhandara uye Windward Islands pazvakawanikwa, kusanganisira Antigua, Dominica, Nevis, Montserrat, Saint Kitts uye Puerto Rico uye Jamaica. The vokuSpain vakagara pasi panyika kuHaiti, achivaita chawo uye akavaka zasi-nechokumabvazuva nhare San Domingo. In 1497th ari makwikwi navo, akapinda Chirungu, zvakare, vachiedza kuwana kuchamhembe-kumadokero vakananga Asia. Somuenzaniso, imwe Genoese Cabot pasi Chirungu mureza vawana chitsuwa Newfoundland uye, nedzimwe nyaya, akasvika pedyo chaizvo kune North America pamhenderekedzo: mu Labrador uye Nova Scotia. Saka British akatanga pokuzotangira kwayo kwaizoita munzvimbo North America.

The rwechitatu norwechina rwendo

Zvakatangira muna May 1498 uye dzakaguma muna November 1500. Somugumisiro, zvakanzi vawana chitsuwa Trinidad uye muromo Orinoco. Muna August 1498 yokutanga Columbus akasvika pamahombekombe kare muna South America iri Paria Peninsula, uye mune 1499th vokuSpain asvika nemahombekombe Guiana uye Venezuela, uye ipapo - Brazil uye muromo Amazon. Zvino pakupedzisira - wechina - kufamba kubva May 1502 kusvika November 1504 Columbus wakavhurwa kare Central America. Zvikepe ake akapfuura achitevedza mhenderekedzo Honduras uye Nicaragua, vakabva Costa Rica uye Panama kusvika muGulf of Darién.

mukondinendi itsva

Mugore iroro mumwe mukwasvi - Amerigo Vespucci, kunorwa vakatora nzvimbo pasi Portuguese mureza, uyewo Akaongorora Brazilian pamhenderekedzo. Kusvika Cape of Cananea, akaisa mberi pfungwa yokuti pasi kuti Columbus yakawanikwa - haasi China, uye kunyange India, asi mukondinendi chose chitsva. Pfungwa iyi hwakasimbiswa pashure yokutanga rwendo munyika, vakaita F. Magellan. Zvisinei, zvinopesana pfungwa yacho kondinendi idzva hwakasimbiswa zita America - vachimiririra Vespucci.

Zvisinei, pane dzimwe chikonzero chokudavira kuti kondinendi mutsva ainzi mushure anorichengeta anonzi Richard Bristol America kubva kuEngland, uyo inotsigirwa ari transatlantic rwendo rwechipiri kuna John Cabot muna 1497, Amerigo Vespucci uye pashure paizvozvo akatora zita iri kukudzwa anonzi kondinendi. Kuti aratidze dzidziso iyi, vaongorori chipo hwokuti Cabot paakasvika mhenderekedzo Labrador, makore maviri adarika, uye saka akazova pamutemo wokutanga European kuisa rutsoka American ivhu.

Pakati pezana remakore nemitanhatu remakore, Zhak Karte, mumwe aiongorora French, kusvika kweCanada, achipa nzvimbo zita rayo iyezvino.

dzimwe Vakwikwidzi

Kukura kondinendi kuNorth America akaramba vatsvakurudzi akadai John Davis, Aleksandr Makenzi, Genri Gudzon uye William Baffin. Zviri kuonga kwavo pakutsvakurudza uye kondinendi yave akadzidza pasi Pacific nemhenderekedzo.

Zvisinei, nhoroondo anoziva chaizvo mamwe mazita kuvafambisi vengarava vakanga maswedera kuna US ivhu pamberi Columbus. Uyu Shen Hui - Thai mumongi uyo akashanyira nharaunda iri remakore rechishanu, Knowledge - the Sultan pamusoro Mali, uyo nechikepe US kumhenderekedzo muzana remakore rechigumi nemana, iyo Earl pamusoro Orkney of Saint-Clair, mumwe Chinese mutsvakurudzi Chzhee Ho, Portuguese Joao Korterial nezvimwewo ...

Asi, pasinei nezvose, kuti Hristofor Kolumb munhu ane zvinhu usina zvachose kukanganiswa nhoroondo yose yevanhu.

Makore gumi namashanu kubva panguva apo ngarava kuti yakawanikwa America aidzidzisa, wokutanga nenzvimbo map yacho ndokukweverwazve kumusoro. munyori wayo aiva Martin Valdzeemyuller. Nhasi iye, kuva nenzvimbo yacho Library of Congress of United States, kunochengetwa Washington.