Library of Congress: tsika nhaka vanhu

Kubvira ipapo, sezvo Internet vakapinda hwedu, uye zvakasimba yabatanidza, mumaraibhurari zvose munyika dzakaona pachena water drainage vaverengi. Pashure pezvose, nei kuenda kuraibhurari, kana World Wide Web kuwana chero ruzivo. Zvisinei, kutaura izvi zvinogona kukundwa, vakapiwa kuti dzakasiyana-siyana mabhuku mabasa, akadhindwa kwesayenzi uye nezvimwe zvakawanda huru asati digitized. Zvakawanda zvisingawanzoitiki zvinokosha zvechokwadi zvisingagoneki kuwana paIndaneti. Sei uye kubata zvekare kana kutarira kuburikidza yellowed pepanhau mafaira wekupedzisira remakore. Uye ndicho chete nyore muverengi! Saka kuti mumaraibhurari makuru nemari akakura vachiri dzakakurumbira. For renyanzvi, vanyori, vezvematongerwe enyika nevamwe vazhinji, ivo inongova irreplaceable. Mumwe repositories inokosha kudaro ruzivo kwenyika ndiye United States Library of Congress.

History uye Development

Rakavakwa US President John Adams April 24, 1800, apo akazotamira guta guru United States kubva Philadelphia kuna Washington. Iyewo pachena 5 zvuru zvamadhora nokuti kutenga mabhuku zvinodiwa Congress uye kusikwa kamuri chaiyo yokuchengetera navo. Raibhurari iri muna Capitol. Chishandisei aigona chete kuva President, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weNyika uye nhengo weSeneti uye United States Congress. Ndosaka akawana zita raro, "ari Library of Congress."

Pfungwa iri akaripa nayo uye inotevera musoro wehurumende - Thomas Jefferson, uyo aiva farira bibliophile. Ane basa rinokosha raibhurari ari kushingaira kukasawedzerwa mari yacho. Munguva yehondo pakati England uye America mumakore 1812-1814 Washington zvakaipisisa zvakakuvadza nomoto, Washington akapisirwa pasi. Dzheyms Medison, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva purezidhendi, uye akatangazve kuraibhurari akatengwa kubva Jefferson matanhatu uye hafu mabhuku chiuru kubva pachake arşive. US Library of Congress richiripo mumwe moto muna 1851, apo varasikirwa kupfuura hafu nheyo dzake. Muna 50-ies pamusoro XIX remakore zvakanzi yakavhurwa kuwana vashumiri, nhengo Supreme Court, akaziva masayendisiti, vanyori, vatapi venhau. Murayiro unokosha rakagamuchirwa muna 1870 maererano ipapo musoro raibhurari Ainsworth Rand Spofford kuti imwe kopi imwe neimwe voruzhinji bhuku rakabudiswa muUnited States, anofanira kuzviisa pasi BC. A yakakunakira kupatsanura hurongwa yakazokudziridzwa mumabhuku anotevera mutungamiri, Herbert Putnam. Personal raibhurari mabhuku 81 zviuru nemagazini (zvikurukuru munhau Russian) Russian mushambadzi bibliophile Yudin, Gennady Vasilyevich muna 1907, chakatengwa hwakatamisirwa mari. A nzvimbo pane chikuru muunganidzwa mabhuku Russian kunze Russia - ndiye Library of Congress. The National Library akagashira mamiriro 30-ies wekupedzisira remakore.

Heritage wevanhu vose

Wokutanga BC Fund kwaisanganisira mabhuku 740 chete uye zvitatu mepu. Kwemakore, pasinei moto, yawedzera zvikuru mari, uye nhasi iri US Congress raibhurari iri kupfuura munyika. Nhasi, hune zvinopfuura mamiriyoni 150 ose zvinhu. Kana isu kuyera kureba echiShinto, unokwanisa kupfuura 1000? Km. The Library of Congress anotura shanduro 470 munyika. Kune mabhuku anopfuura mamiriyoni matatu, mamiriyoni 60 manyoro, kupfuura mapepanhau miriyoni mumakore 300 apfuura, mepu anenge mamiriyoni mashanu, uye mabhuku anopfuura miriyoni imwe US hurumende, raibhurari muunganidzwa zvinosanganisira mamiriyoni mapikicha, mafirimu uye ruzha dzakarekodwa. Gore roga roga, mari iri kukasawedzerwa nemiriyoni 1-3 dzakabatana.

Temberi Knowledge mu Numbers

To musi, kuwana Library of Congress inowanika chero munhu anofarira pasi makore 16. Chokwadi, kwete mashoko zvose zviri pachena iripo, chikamu chakavanzika. With midziyo inogona chete kushanda kuverenga mudzimba, dzinosvika zvigaro 20 vaverengi - 1460. About 3500 vashandi vanoshanda ikoko. Panguva iyoyo, basa digitization neraibhurari mari haina achishingaira yakaramba, asi chinoitwa chete 10%. Maererano rokutanga data, rose Vhoriyamu BC mu digitaalinen muchimiro kumativi 20 terabytes.

chitarisiko

Zvino Library of Congress (mufananidzo zvakabatanidzwa) riri muzvivako zvitatu kuti dziri pamusoro Capitol Hill, pakati pavo vari zvakabatanidzwa ndima pevhu uye depositories. Chivako mukuru uye mukuru, zita pashure Thomas Jefferson, yakavakwa muna 1890s somumiririri yakajeka mavakirwo "Gilded Age." Muna 1939, nokuti mukuru pakuvaka paiva chivakwa Dzhona Adamsa. Its runoratidza - masuo endarira nemifananidzo pamusoro pavo vamwari vakasiyana-siyana nyika Mungano. Chivako wechitatu akazarura mikova ayo kuruzhinji muna 70-ies wekupedzisira remakore uye rinoyeudzwa mumwe mutungamiri US - James Madison. Muchikamu ichi BC ndiyo yemitambo Mary Pickford, uyo anogara anoratidza vakasununguka mafirimu uye terevhizheni mifananidzo kubva Library wacho akaunganidzwa. Packard kembasi - vakadanwa saka centre kuchengetera rinoonekwa uye makaseti zvokuvakisa, akazarura muna 2007 uye ndiye chivakwa chitsva, riri mu Culpeper, Virginia. Chivako chacho reconstructed vokutanga BUNKER, uye zita raro rinobva zita David Woodley Packard, mukuru Institute of Humanities, uyo akagadzira ritenderane. Chimwe chinokosha zvikamu zvakaoma ari mabhaisikopo, yakagadzirwa muna Art deco manyorerwo.

Copyright Office

The Library of Congress rakasiyana nemamwe kuti makore 130, anoita kunyoresa Copyright. Ndiyo chete National raibhurari munyika kuna dhipoziti izvozvo zvinokosha, nokuti kunoita mari uye zvinobatsira kuti replenishment mari tichiregeredza vanonakidza zvikuru madunhurirwa itsva. Copyright Office kunonyora kwete chete mabasa American vanyori, mabasa aya anogona kubatsira vagari dzimwe nyika. Register zvachose chero basa, zvakadai chaiko, zvemimhanzi, chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo mabasa, vanodhirowa, mepu, promotional zvinhu, ekombiyuta uye mitambo, uye zvakawanda mhando. Shandisa pamabasa Bureau vangava paIndaneti, ichizadza fomu iri zvemagetsi chimiro uye kuita zvaida mari iri munhoroondo.