Neolithic - neolithic ndiye ...

Chii neolithic? Izwi iri rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rokuti "neos" (itsva) uye "lithos" (ibwe). Masayendisiti izwi ichi anonzi kwenguva itsva kukura vanhu. Muchidimbu, neolithic - ndiye New Stone Age, kureva yokupedzisira Danho iri Stone Age. Uye anozivikanwa kuti nguva nhatu okukura: zvinokosha, zvenguva uye itsva. Mumwe nomumwe wavo kunoratidzwa kurimwewo okunze. Nesayenzi izvi nguva inonzi Paleolithic, Mesolithic, uye pakupedzisira kuti neolithic. Table chinyakare nhoroondo inoratidza zvainyanya neimwe.

The akakurumbira Chirungu akiyorojisiti namapfumbamwe remakore Lubbock akadana neolithic Palaeolithic kupikiswa - mumwe Nguva Stone Age. Its maitiro chinhu ndiyo pamberi pasi boora nematurusi.

Kana nguva yacho neolithic?

The chaiyo musi pakutanga yaitonga uyu usingagoni zita, nekuti vamwe zvirimwa mapinda pamberi, apo vamwe - akazotevera. Okutanga vanhu vakaita danho mberi uye ukasvika mutsva Danho chenhau kukura, paiva nevanhu vanogara munharaunda kuMiddle East mumwe 9,5 zviuru. BC. Hazvina kubva iyi inobatanidzwa achichinja kubva appropriating tsika mhando (okuvhimisa uye nekuvunganira) kuti kugadzirwa kwezvokudya (mhuka minda, horticulture uye kurima). Munhoroondo yevanhu neolithic kunoonekwa sechinhu chinokosha musoro kutanga kufananidzwa Mesolithic uye Paleolithic. Kudzidza zvinoitwa nerimwe nguva ibwe Age chiziviso mangani zvinhu zvitsva zvakaitika yechitatu uye yokupedzisira nguva. Zvisinei, kupfuura nokugadzirwa amabwe maturusi, kunyange nounyanzvi uye nounyanzvi akaita munguva yakati, vanhu vasina. Muchidimbu, neolithic nguva unoguma chaizvo kana kuti kutsiva ibwe zvokushandisa kuuya simbi. Pashure paizvozvo, sezvamunoziva, uyai nendarira, nedare nezvimwe emakore. Zvisinei, saka kure munyika mune marudzi (madzinza American nevagari pazvitsuwa Oceania), izvo haisati apfuura kubva neolithic kusvika Iron Age. Uye kana tichifungidzira kuti, ipapo tinogona kutaura kuti nguva iyi haisati yapera anyatsoziva vanhu vose. Muchidimbu, kana Iron Age kana neolithic - haizi tevedzera maitikiro ezvinhu nguva. Kana yedu nharaunda, pano, Danho iri rakatanga kumativi rechishanu chemakore BC uye kusvikira wechitatu, uri anenge 2,000 nemakore.

Chii chakapa vanhu neolithic?

Chokwadi, zvinhu zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, nematurusi kunyange vakanga vakaita amabwe, asi havana kufanana chinyakare sapamazuva Paleolithic uye Mesolithic. Dzavo yakakweshwa, zvichiita kumicheto muchechetere uye rine simba nekupinza, ivo akachera maburi sezvinodiwa (chinyakare guyo). Neolithic vanhu vakaaitawo kurukiswa uye dzikabereka kuti nemapfekero nyore uye chidzitiro, avo vaigara pedyo nenzizi uye nyanza, vaite kuredza uye dzimwe vanogara reservoirs. Fish mumatanda, uyewo nyama, zvinoberekwa pakuvhima, pamwe nzungu, michero uye midzi siyana akabvumira chinyakare vanhu kwenguva yakati kuti agare panzvimbo imwe, kureva, kubva akatendeukira kupinda muArabhu vakagara. Uye ichi, zvakazoita kuti kuvakwa wokutanga maguta maduku uye ipapo maguta. Ndakagara zvakonzerawo kwaita Ceramics uye zviumbwa. Yokutanga kuedza kushandisa ivhu sechinhu zvinhu nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi midziyo uye nemimwe midziyo takaitwa kuMiddle East, mumisha Jarmo, Çatalhöyük uye Hacılar. Asi kuFar East rwa Jomon tsika. Vagari yacho havasi chete vakatanga kuita uye kushandisa zvehari, asi akauyawo akasiyana bindu uye muriwo zvinomera. Kana European chikamu marudzi neolithic waivapo mukutanga mumatanho chete muGirisi.

The guta mukuru munyika, zvakatanga muna neolithic nguva

Sezvambotaurwa, kuvakwa Maguta okutanga zvakwatanga panguva New Stone Age. Mukuru wavo aiva Jeriko. Zvino kuguma Mesolithic uye mangwanani neolithic. Guta rakavakwa pamahombekombe kweJorodhani, mune yava kunzi Palestine. Paivakwa maguta pfungwa yokutanga yave iri wakakombwa masvingo. Zvino anoti munguva idzodzo pakati pamaguta hondo dzairwiwa. Somugumisiro, hondo dzose, izvo akasiyanisa uto machinda dzisingadi. Muchidimbu, neolithic - ndiyo nguva apo dzomunyika okutanga vakaberekerwa, uyewo chikuru vokuparidzira nzvimbo - guta-nhare.

The neolithic chimurenga

Zvechokwadi, zvakaitika kare nguva, zvinogona kunzi kumukira. Chekutanga, ndiye achichinja kubva Foraging kune zvibereko upfumi, iyo chidzoke zvehari (kekutanga muna mangwanani mutsika Japanese), ari kubuda mumaguta, paumbwe uto nyanzvi, mubasa hove uye zvokurima, uye vamwe.

neolithic Danho

Masayendisiti kusiyanisa nguva nhatu kukura yaitonga ichi: mangwanani, pakati uye kunonoka. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, unofanira kureva kwokutanga munda muMiddle uye Far East, uye vari European chikamu - Greece. Pakati neolithic zvehari ndiyo budiriro kuEastern Europe uye China. Chechitatu, wokupedzisira Danho - mukupera neolithic. A nemadzinza okukura iguta riri munharaunda China ano.

Features weupenyu nguva "Stone Age"

Yezwi munhu ndakagara mararamiro zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti vanhu vakatanga kuvaka dzimba simba uye zvakawanda kutsigira. With pokumuka Ceramics uye zviumbwa nokuda kuvaka misha yavo chinyakare mangwanani vanhu vakatanga kubereka dzevhu zvinogumbura. Dzimba idzi dzakavakwa pedyo nepedyo. Saka akatanga kuonekwa munharaunda dzemadzinza. Pedyo kugarwa akatanga kukudziridza nyika kuti ave zvokudya. Zvino domestication kwezvimwe zvemhuka, izvo zvakaita kuti pave mombe maberekero. Chimwe bazi National upfumi, iyo yakatanga uye akanga ava neolithic munguva - handicraft. Nokuti vagari richangobva nucleated nemisha, iyo gare gare akatendeukira muguta, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti zvaAtemisi siyana zvigadzirwa: zvinhu housewares, .. Clothing details, chinyakare fanicha, zvishongo, etc. Pakazosvika nzira, chinokosha pamusoro neolithic nguva ndiyo kwaita kurukiswa. Chokwadi, izvi hazvina kuitika pakarepo. Pamberi kuti, vanhu vakadzidza micheka matengu uye mambure okubatisa hove.

Exchange

In norumwe rwamarudzi vakamira nyanzvi dzokugadzira avo akanakisisa akabudirira pagadzirwe zvimwe zvinhu chaizvo. Kureva, vakanga sechinhu kudzora basa ravo uye vakatanga kugadzirira zvinhu izvi kwete chete nokuda pehama dzavo, asiwo nokuda yakavakidzana namarudzi. Saka akasimuka pfungwa ita mutengano.

Flint - huru mhando pebwe neolithic nguva

erudzi urwu vanhu ava dzakaitika nguva, mined nenzira mbiri: kuunganidza pamusoro pemvura yorwizi pamipata kugadzirwa mumigodhi, kuti aiva mavambo mugodhi. Akashanda romusarasara chokusika basa Ezvemutauro munzira dzakawanda: .. Retouched, bilateral upholstery, machipisi, etc. Gare gare vanatenzi vari vachigadzira nzira itsva, kureva, azvikuya, kukuya uye sawing. With izvi nzira, armourers vanotanga kuita rinocheka zvombo. Nokudaro handpieces vaishandisa mafupa. Mapanga vanobatanidza zvose pfupa uye mapanga akadzama. Zvimwe zvinhu chamuita kuti neolithic zera - makore itsva ibwe maturusi - vari namatemo, chezero, nembezo, mbezo, etc. With veMubatanidzwa nedemo vanhu takakwanisa kuvaka zvikepe, matanda, matanda dzimba, etc ....

unyanzvi

Neolithic Vanhu dzakazova kune unyanzvi. The Mifananidzo akatorwa panguva iyi, pane zvave kuda munhu mupfungwa basa. Nokuti wakanaka muri mifananidzo kunganzi vakazvipira rondedzero hondo. Rock kupenda anoudza pamusoro zvakaitika panguva iyoyo. Zvikurukuru dzinonakidza ndivo vanodhirowa dzawanikwa munharaunda Norway ano. Apo vanhu nemhuka zviri sketchy mufananidzo inoratidza chaihwoihwo mafungiro. Zvimwe zvinhu anonyorwa muchimiro geometric zvitarisiko, kureva, zvinorevei zvinhu izvi, asi havana kupfuura kuvarwisa.

mhedziso

Neolithic - New Stone Age, wokupedzisira nguva pamberi vanhu tega zvokushandisa simbi kubva Stone Age kusvika Bronze akayambuka.