Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich, vanhu commissar: Biography, mibayiro, mapikicha

Litvinov aiva vanhu commissar nokuda Foreign Affairs of USSR mumakore 1930-1939. Panguva iyi, Soviet Union akaita kokupedzisira kuziva dzakawanda.

makore okutanga

The ramangwana Vanhu commissar Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich akaberekwa musi waJuly 17, 1876 mumhuri yechiJudha. Education mukomana vakapinda chikoro chaicho Bialystok. Izvi zvakateverwa nemakore mashanu basa muchiuto. Native kuna Litvinov akava rechi17 Caucasian inifanduri hondo rimire Baku.

Muna 1898 iye zvichiteverwa demobilization. Ipapo Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich akabatana RSDLP. Pandakangosvika Kiev, akava nhengo yekomiti bato vemo. Chikamu chinokosha chebasa iri rakamiswa Litvinov akanga pamutemo kudhindwa imba, iyo kudhindwa danidziro zvinhu. Mapepa uye mabhurocha aiendeswa vashandi vemo uye vanhuwo zvavo.

Kusungwa uye kupunyuka kubva Russia

Muna 1901, ivo tsarist mapurisa epachivande yakawana Kiev Socialist vakashandisa okudhindira zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo. Zvichiteverwa kusungwa. Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich ari mujeri. Asi anotevera, muna 1902, iye pamwe chete nomumwe neshamwari 10 vakapukunyuka mujeri. Kamwe vakasununguka, echimurenga, vachienda Switzerland kure, iyo panguva yakanga yava kumusha vatungamiri vebato zhinji. Ikoko Litvinov paaivatambudza yenhando. Akava mumwe kiyi Distributors ari pepanhau "Iskra" muRussia.

Muna 1903 makanga akakurumbira II Party Congress, panguva iyo bato zvikwata zviviri - the Bolshevik uye Menshevik. Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich akabatana Lenin nevatsigiri vake. Panguva iyoyowo akaramba ushamwari uye ushamwaridzani nevamwe Mensheviks, kusanganisira Vera Zasulich, Leon Trotsky, Yuliem Martovym, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Wokutanga chimurenga

Nokukurumidza-refu akamirirwa Russian chimurenga. Muna 1905, ivo Bolsheviks tichiregeredza wokumwe mari vakaronga nerubatsiro zvombo masangano proletarian vaipikisa kuzviremera kuRussia. basa iri kwakaita kuti kusanganisira Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich. Brief Biography bato wamambo panguva yakanga muenzaniso munhu mubasa yakawanda yakasiyana administrative mabasa.

Rich ruzivo akabvumira Litvinov mune ramangwana vave zvikuru ropafadzo vepamusoro kuti vakatonga reSoviet mamiriro pamusoro kodzero "simba seboka". Kutumira maoko kuRussia aiva nengozi oparesheni. Zvikepe zviviri, nokuti idzo midziyo ndokuisa Litvinov, pakupedzisira akamhanya kukandirwa, uye asati asvika chiteshi.

MuUK,

Sezvo dzebato murongi Litvinov akashanda Camo. The Bolsheviks munguva Russian Revolution wokutanga akanga basa nerubatsiro maoko. Kana munhu akakurumbira kumukira yasvika maturo, Kamo vakava mubasa vanongogara zvawo zvebhizimisi zvisiri pamutemo. Iye kukasawedzerwa mari mitambo nokuda zvaibiwa kwakaenderera ehurumende masangano. Saka Tiflis expropriation yakarongwa 1907. It chikamu Koba - Stalin ramangwana.

Litvinov, uyewo mamwe mamwe masoja ari mubato vakanakidzwa mari dzichapambwa mune mabhanga Russian. Muna 1908, akasungwa muFrance. Chikonzero yevasungwa waiva kupambwa rugwaro kuti vakaedza kuchinja munhu Bolshevik. France akaita akadzingwa Litvinov muUK. Mumakore gumi akatevera, kusvikira mangwana pakuru, Litvinov muLondon.

Kuvamba nedzenyu basa

Mushure Bolsheviks vakauya simba, dzakawanda chinoreva zvakawanda vakaita kuti hurumende itsva yeRussia. Britain vakaramba kubvuma utongi yeSoviet. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kutadzisa nyika kuburikidza zvisina kuonana vamiririri. In London Accredited akava Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich. Commissioner, aimbova mukuru Soviet Ushumiri Foreign ari 30s, akatanga ake nedzenyu basa panguva.

Litvinov aiva musoro sarudzo. Akararama kwemakore akawanda muLondon, aiziva mutauro Chirungu uye nemakanzuru chaizvo. Hurumende yeBritain havana kutaura naye zvakananga kuburikidza nehurumende masangano, asi kuisa kune waachangoroora yeRussian inokosha mukuru. Sezvo mu Europe hondo yakanga ichiri kuenda mberi pakati kunyika iri Entente uye Germany, zviremera vaifanira kuva nechokwadi kuziva zviri kuitika mu Petrograd uye Moscow.

Case Lockhart

Kutaurirana Prime Minister Arthur Balfour kuburikidza nokuchengeta munhu, Maksim Maksimovich Litvinov akamuudza pamusoro Lenin uye Party sarudzo. The Wenyika akanga Limbo nokuti kuti idzva hurumende yeSoviet akapikira kunokurumidza hwevanhu nyika, izvo zvaireva kusaina imwe yoga sungano vokuGermany. Asi pakutanga mafungiro Bolsheviks muLondon aiva noushamwari chaizvo.

Muna January 1918, Britain akatuma rokuRussia mumiririri wayo mutsva. Vakava Robert Lockhart. Litvinov, akanomuchingura London, akamupa katsamba vachifambidzana zita Trotsky rakataurwa chokwadi pamusoro mutumwa uyu. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare Briton akasungwa kudzingwa munyika kushora. mhosva yake, pamwe kuedza musi Lenin, aiva chikonzero kutanga of Red Zvinotyisa. Hurumende yeBritain, mukupindura vasungwe ayo mumiririri akasunga Litvinov. Akapedza mazuva 10 vari mujeri, pashure chaainge zvakanaka vaipanana nokuda Lockhart.

The People kuti Commissariat nokuda Affairs Foreign

Kare muna Russia, Maksim Maksimovich Litvinov akatanga kushanda zvakananga Commissariat pamusoro Affairs Foreign. bhasi yake vagara musoro dhipatimendi ichi, Georgy Chicherin. Ambassador muchirongwa dzakawanda kwakadzama pamwe Entente nyika. Akaedza asimbise ukama nyika idzi mushure hurumende yeSoviet akasaina vakaparadzana Brest runyararo pamwe Kaiser raMwari Germany. Early kushaya kubva hondo pasinei batana sungiro kwenguva refu anoparadzwa mukurumbira Bolsheviks pamberi Western capitalist nyika.

Muna 1920, Lenin akagadza idzva Soviet plenipotentiary mumiriri muEstonia. Vakava Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich. The Biography munhu uyu akanga azere ose nzendo. KuBaltic States pashure Civil War kuRussia, yakawana rusununguko. Zvino tinofanira kuvaka Litvinov aiva mumwe wavo ukama zvachose itsva, pasina Panyaya Imperial kare.

mutevedzeri Chicherina

Mumazuva reSoviet nezvibvumirano kwenhamba yacho mangwanani vaiva vashoma kwepfuti akadai Maksim Maksimovich Litvinov. Revolutionary, Wenyika, murume yakafara ruzivo - yaiva "akwegura" Bolshevik uye vakanakidzwa zvikuru chivimbo somutungamiriri munyika. Hazvishamisi kuti muna 1921 akagadzwa Deputy vanhu commissar nokuda Affairs Foreign.

Litvinov akanga akaoma nomukadzi mukuru wake Chicherin. Vose vaiva nhengo Politburo uye musoro Soviet utungamiri misangano kakawanda vakatsoropodza rokusarudza mumwe. wamambo ose akanyora enhema chaizomuita kuti ave nemhosva manotsi uri nemuvengi waro.

Kuziva Mvumo yeSoviet Union

Muna 1922, Western nyika, pamwe RSFSR akabata ari kuGenoa Conference, izvo akatanga gadziriro kuzivikanwa uye kudyidzana kwehurumende yeSoviet enyika dzakawanda. Mumwe nhengo nhume Moscow aiva Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich. Brief Biography munhu uyu muenzaniso muenzaniso Soviet Wenyika nguva 20-30th.

Mushure musangano kuGenoa Mutevedzeri commissar akaita sachigaro Moscow Conference musi zvombo pashure kutanga kwenyika, yakanga akapindwa vamiririri pedyo nyika - Finland, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia uye Latvia. Podnatorevshy Litvinov pachinhu ichi, mukuwedzera, vakatanga kushanda muna League of Nations. Apo Soviet Union yakanga pakupedzisira kuzivikanwa vomunyika dzakawanda, Litvinov, kurutivi Soviet vakatanga kutungamirira International Commission musi zvombo mumuviri ichi chinokosha - mugadzi UN wacho.

Stalin raMwari commissar

Muna 1930 Chicherin akanga adzingwa pambiru gurukota Foreign Affairs of USSR. This post maigara mutevedzeri wake Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich. The People wacho commissar Stalin yaitonga vakaedza kutevera mutemo detente pamwe West. It aita chaizvo chero Stalin akanga asarudza yakanga nguva kufamba pedyo Hitler.

Stalin mukutanga 30s zvechokwadi dzaida akanaka Wenyika, Litvinov Bamba. Photo commissar nguva dzose anowana mumapepanhau dzokuMadokero mumakore ake kakawanda nzendo kunze. Aigara akaenda United States, achitsvaka Washington kwakaita kuziva Mvumo Soviet Union. Pakupedzisira muna 1933, nemhaka kuitwa vanhu commissar, dzakatangwa pamutemo ukama Soviet-American.

Writer uye mutori

Chiizve kuita sezvo musoro nezvibvumirano Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich? Books kuti vanhu commissar mune zvakawanda kunyora muna 30s, vanoti kuti aiva ruzivo theorist. Akanga muvambi vakawanda mapepa uye nyaya.

Litvinov akanyora kwete chete pachake, asi mvumo chinyorwa vamwe resonance. Muna 1931, apo Japan vakarwisa China, vanhu commissar "rakaitirwa" mu "News" Anti-militarist nhetembo Demian murombo. Muchirongwa ichi haana kufanana Stalin, akanga asati kuziva kushandisa kuitika kuFar East. Pashure pechiitiko ichi, kuti Politburo akashora chisarudzo, izvo nemaune akatora Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich. Works akasaina zita rake mushure chiitiko, yave ichibudiswa chete pashure pamusoro maonero mutungamiri.

sacking

Zvinonzi kusvika hondo, uye panguva ino, Stalin kufanorongwa vakawanda kuchenesa chepamusoro mamiriro utungamiri. Anenge zvose vezviitiko emarudzi zvimwe akasungwa ndokuurayiwa. Litvinov akanga rombo - akapona, chete akarasikirwa ake pambiru. Muna 1939 aiva anopesana Vyacheslav Molotov - President of Government, uye ruoko rwake rworudyi Stalin wacho. Kana zvapedzisira kudzinga Litvinov, nzvimbo yake yakanga Molotov, uyo pasina akasaina asiri utsinye chibvumirano Nazi Germany.

Panguva Great Patriotic War, sezvo mumiriri kuUnited States uye Cuba akanga Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich. The People wacho Commissariat uye ayo vamiriri nevanhukadzi US apo iye akabatana hondo Germany. Vamwe vanotsvakurudza vakaona kuti izvozvo vakatanga kurwisana nezvombo pamwe Hitler, Litvinov vakaponeswa kubva asungwa nokuurayiwa. The NKVD uye kuita chinhu chake, asi haisati ruchapera.

Litvinov uye kutya

Akanga aripo akanga nechokuita paitonga Stalin kutya pacharo Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich? "Mhuri" zviri Bolsheviks vakakamukana ari 20s, uye ramangwana commissar ipapo vaitsigira Stalin, uye saka akakwanisa vanokwira chepamusoro manera.

Uye, somuenzaniso, kana muna 1934 Stalin akarambidza kusunungurwa nyika vakauya kubva UK musayendisiti Petra Kapitsu, kuti Litvinov akanyora tsamba kuna Cambridge, tuzvikonzero ayo utariri mhinduro. Vanhu commissar aishingaira executor nechido mutungamiriri, maererano nzvimbo yavo uye simba.

The Wenyika vakadzivira kushingaira basa muna 1946, apo iye acharega. Ndakagara muMoscow. Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich, mibayiro kusanganisira Order of Lenin uye Order of Red Banner of Labor, aiva pamudyandigere Union ukoshi. Akafa December 31, 1951 nechirwere chomwoyo.