Ndiani anotonga muSoviet Union pashure Stalin kare

With pakufa Stalin - ari "baba avanhu" uye "murongedzeri echiKomonisiti" - muna 1953, kutamburira simba, sezvo chitendero chainamata unhu, yakatangwa naye, vaifunga achidzora of USSR achava mumwe chete autocratic mutungamiri ndiani achatora itsvo ari mamiriro revatungamiriri .

The musiyano waiva chete pakuti huru Vakwikwidzi simba somunhu waitsigira abolition dzeboka pacharo uye mazvake zvematongerwo kosi yacho.

Aitonga mushure Stalin?

Serious hondo yakatanga pakati Vakwikwidzi nhatu huru, izvo pakutanga raiva triumvirate - Georgi Malenkov (Sachigaro USSR Council of Vashumiri), Lavrentiem Beriey (gurukota weJoint kushumira Affairs Internal) uye Nikitoy Hruschevym (Secretary of CPSU). Mumwe nomumwe wavo aida kutora nzvimbo musoro wehurumende, asi kukunda vaizosvika chete wacho, ane candidacy achatsigira bato ane nhengo vakanakidzwa simba guru uye vane kodzero kubatana. Mukuwedzera, vose kugovana chido tidzikamiswe, kupedza nguva udzvanyiriri uye kuti vawane rusununguko mune zvavanoita. Ndokusaka mubvunzo kuti ndiani anotonga pashure Stalin afa, hapasi ane mhinduro chaiwo - raiva chete vanhu vatatu vakanga vachirwira simba.

The triumvirate hwesimba: kutanga mahwanda

Created pasi Stalin triumvirate simba-kugoverana. Akawanda zviri kusimbiswa mumaoko Malenkov uye Beria. Khrushchev akapiwa basa Munyori ari CPSU Central Committee, hazvina kudaro rinokosha mumaziso vaimushora. Asi ivo vakarerutsa chinzvimbo nesimba nhengo dzebato, rinosimbisa kufunga chinoshamisa uye kunzwisisa.

Nokuti vaya akatonga nyika pashure Stalin, zvakanga zvakakosha kunzwisisa iye pakutanga kubvisa kubva makwikwi. Akava nangananga Lavrenty Beria rokutanga. Khrushchev uye Malenkov vaiziva kuti dossier pamusoro mumwe nomumwe wavo wakange ari gurukota Affairs Internal, mutariri yose ezvinhu utongi miviri. Panyaya iyi, muna July 1953, Beria akasungwa, vachimupomera mhosva kushora uye dzimwe mhosva, saka kubvisa anokumhan'arira kwakadaro ngozi.

Malenkov vake mitemo

kutendeseka Khrushchev kwakaita sechinhu murongi rangano kwakawedzera zvikuru, uye simba raro pamusoro dzimwe nhengo dzebato kwakawedzera. Zvisinei, apo sachigaro Council of Vashumiri raiva Malenkov, sarudzo kiyi uye mirayiridzo mune zvematongerwo enyika vairarama payo. Panguva musangano Presidium kosi rokutanga yakaendeswa de-Stalinization uye kugadzwa seboka utariri yenyika; zvakanzi aronga kuzoparadza kunamatwa unhu, asi kuzviita nenzira yakadaro kwete kuti zvitadzise vanhu "baba kubudirira dzavanhu '. Huru basa yakatarwa Malenkov, chaiva kukudziridza upfumi, kufungisisa zvinodiwa vemo. Iye akabayira zvikuru chaizvo purogiramu shanduko, iyo haina vagamuchirwa kumisangano yacho Presidium of CC CPSU. Ipapo Malenkov akaisa mberi chete pfungwa kuti Supreme Council chechikamu, apo ivo anzverwa. Nokuti nguva yokutanga mushure autocrat Stalin kutonga chisarudzo chakaitwa kwete bato, uye ane simba rehurumende. CPSU Central Committee uye Politburo aifanira nazvo kuti.

Nhau dzairamba inoratidza kuti pakati pevaya aitonga mushure Stalin, Malenkov achava zvikuru "inobudirira" avo sarudzo. It kushandisa pasuru zviyero kurwisa muboka revatungamiriri rehurumende uye nebato midziyo, nokuti pave nezvokudya uye chiedza maindasitiri, kuwedzera kuzvionera kuti mumapurazi takatakura michero: makore 1954-1956 kokutanga pashure pehondo vakaratidza Zvakawanikwa vokumaruwa uye kukura okurima kugadzira, izvo kwemakore kuderera uye kurega kunotanga zvava zvisingabatsiri. Maratidzirwo nezviyero izvi akanga vakaramba kusvikira 1958. Ndicho ichi yemakore mashanu anonzi kuti kupfuura zvibereko uye vakarongeka pashure Stalin afa.

Vaya vanotonga pashure Stalin, zvaiva pachena kuti vabudirire kwakadaro hakushande muchiedza indasitiri, sezvo Malenkov vaitaura kuti ayo kukura zvinopesana mabasa vanoronga rinouya urongwa-gore mashanu, ari kufunga kukurudzira rinorema indasitiri.

Georgy Malenkov akaedza kutaura matambudziko nepfungwa nemaonero, kushandisa upfumi pane pfungwa zvinhu. Zvisinei, urongwa uhwu hazvina kufadza bato Nomenclature (inotungamirirwa Khrushchev), akapotsa arega rayo hune basa muupenyu ehurumende. Raiva simba nharo pamusoro Malenkov, riri pasi kumanikidzwa mubato iri February 1955 nyaya tsamba yokuoneka. Akanga yakatsiviwa shamwari Khrushchev Nikolai Bulganin. Malenkov akava mumwe wevatariri ake, asi pashure pokufa 1957 Anti-Party boka (iyo yaiva nhengo), pamwe nevatsigiri vake adzingwa Presidium of CC CPSU. Khrushchev akatora mukana uyu mamiriro ezvinhu uye muna 1958 akatora Malenkov sezvo sachigaro Council of Vashumiri vo, kuti atore nzvimbo yake uye vanova mitemo avo pashure Stalin muna USSR.

Saka, Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev rinotarisa simba anenge zvizere ake. Iye ndikabvisa vaviri vakwikwidzi simba kupfuura uye kutungamirira nyika.

Aitonga nyika afa Stalin uye Malenkov kutsvetera?

Makore iwayo 11 kuti Khrushchev akatonga USSR, mupfumi zviitiko siyana uye kuchinja. On the wenyaya paiva nematambudziko akawanda vakatarisana neHurumende pashure kwemaindasitiri hondo, uye kuedza ndimutsidzire upfumi. Kufambira Key kuchaita kuti anofanira kurangarira nguva Khrushchev kutonga, zvinotevera:

1. Policy Kugadzirwa mhandara nyika (asina kutsigirwa kudzidza sayenzi) - yakawedzera nhamba dzine kudzvarwa, asi asingaiti kufunga okunze features, izvo kudziviswa kukura zvokurima ari dzakabudirira mundima.
2. "Chibage nhimbe", chinangwa rakanga kubata kwokubata United States, mumwe zvibereko chirimwa ichi zvakanaka. Corn acreage kuwedzerwa kaviri kukuvara zvomuchero rye uye gorosi. Asi mugumisiro akasuwa - okunze hatibvumiri kuwana yakakwirira goho, uye zvinoderedza kwenzvimbo pasi dzimwe zvirimwa wakatsamwisa vanogamuchira yakaderera siyana kuti muunganidzwa kwavo. The chirongwa akundikana zvinosiririsa muna 1962, uye ayo Zvakaguma kuwedzera mitengo mafuta uye nyama, izvo zvakakonzera Kusagutsikana pakati yevagari.
3. Kutanga perestroika - vanobudisa kuvakwa dzimba, izvo akabvumira mhuri dzakawanda abve dormitories uye zvaiita dzokugara dziri (dzinonzi "Khrushchev").

Kunobva Khrushchev rokutonga

Pakati pevaya aitonga mushure Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev akamira ake unconventional uye nguva dzose akanyatsofungwa vataure zvinhu mukati hurumende. Pasinei dzakawanda zvirongwa kuti zvakauya, kusawirirana kwavo kwakaita kuti kuchinja kubva chinzvimbo Khrushchev muna 1964.