Mauto "Islamic nehurumende." Islamist gandanga sangano

Pari, zvikuru ngozi magandanga sangano munyika iri muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano "Islamic nehurumende" (IG). Panopera zuva rimwe nerimwe kuwanda vatsigiri vayo riri kukura, uye kukura munharaunda kudzorwa nayo, inowedzera. Ngatimboonai zvikonzero Fani iyi uye kuziva ngozi chinokonzerwa nyika vari Mauto "Islamic nehurumende."

Rakatanga sangano

Mushure kuparadzwa muna 2003 muna Iraq, utongi Saddam Hussein kuti, nyika ino yava imwe huru yenyika nzvimbo Islamic hurumende. On ndima yayo vakatanga kuita Muslim dzakawanda masangano kwemagandanga, kunyanya Sunni, akazivisa chinangwa pakurwisana US, vaIsraeri uye Shia. Rimwe zvakasimba mapoka aiva "Ansar al-Islam" achitungamirirwa al-Zarqawi, gare gare akabvuma pachavo senzira "Al-Qaeda".

History of IG Count wabatwa 2006, apo pahwaro kubatana zviri "Al-Qaeda" masero Iraqi nevamwe twezvitendero wechiMuzirimu akazivisa pakasikwa dzidzo "kwechiIslam State of Iraq." Nhongonya nokuwadzana ichi vakaziva guta Mosul, uye wokutanga mutungamiri - Abu Abdullah al-Baghdadi. Kubvira pakutanga kwayo, sangano ave achishingaira muzvirongwa ruvengo uye magandanga mabasa muIraq. Kubva pakati May 2010 pashure pokufa mugadzi rakazova musoro boka, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, pamwe zita ishe.

Chechi muSiriya

Zvichakadai, pashure kutanga muna 2011 muSiriya yehondo pakati President Assad uye utongi hwake vanodzima, uyo pakati vaiva Islamic nemauto, nyika uyewo kuva nemadzinza ose kusagadzikana mudunhu. Pano isu akatanga kuunganidza siyana mhirizhonga mauto.

Regai wova zindoga uye muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano, akatungamirirwa Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Nezvokumutswa pakaberekwa muSiriya akatora zita idzva kubva pakutanga April 2013, "kwechiIslam State of Iraq uye Levant." Izvi achigumburwa vatungamiriri "al-Qaeda" chaizvoizvo, mutsivi Osama remarara Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri. Pashure pezvose, boka iri kusvikira nguva zvaionekwa pasi kuzvidzora, "al-Qaeda" sangano, asi muSiriya yatova vakavhura mumwe sero - ". Al-Nusra Front"

Zvichakadai, LIH wadzikamisa chikamu chikuru weSiria. Pakazosvika pakati 2014 pasi pesimba rake raiva guru nzvimbo nharaunda muSiriya kupfuura zvimwe mapato mukakavadzane, kusanganisira Assad hurumende.

The wokupedzisira zororo ne "Al-Qaeda"

Pashure al-Baghdadi vakaramba kuteerera kudana al-Zavahri shure vanodzima vavo Iraq, muna February 2014 basa kuti "al-Qaeda" yakazivisa kuregawo zvachose pamwe LIH, uye kuti mamiriro ichi hachisi kwayo nokupesana. Uyezve, kurwa kwakatanga pakati LIH uye mukuru chairema "Al-Qaeda" - ". Al-Nusra Front" sangano Pairwiwa hondo pakati pavo vakauraya 1,800 Mauto kubva mativi.

Zvisinei, pamwe pakutanga kushandiswa mhepo akarova Western mubatanidzwa ngwizhingwi chinzvimbo pakati LIH uye "Al-Nusra Front" akanga akapedzisa chibvumirano pamusoro kwemajoini chiito.

The kuziviswa caliphate

Mushure abudirire muchiuto mabasa yokutanga yezana 2014 Mauto 'Iraq uye Levant, vechiIslam State "vakabata nharaunda huru eSiriya Iraq, uyewo anoverengeka maguta makuru, kusanganisira Mosul uye Tikrit, vachiuya pedyo Baghdad. Musi sefungu kubudirira mutungamiri wavo, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi pakati 2014 akadanidzira pachake Caliph.

Chaiva chiitiko chinokosha, sezvo musoro Caliph aireva vanoti kuti ukuru pamusoro yose nyika vaMuslim. Wokupedzisira, wakabereka rokuremekedza, aiva mumiriri imba Osman Abdul Majid II, kunyimwa nawo 1924. Saka, al-Baghdadi kwakauraya kutsivana hweOttoman sultans uye, naizvozvovo, ndima kamwe dzinodzorwa nayo. Zvisinei, iye akatsigira pfungwa kutanga yose caliphate.

Panyaya iyi, kwakasarudzwa kubvisa remunharaunda chikepe sangano zita, uye iye zvino pakuzivikanwa se "kwechiIslam State."

Coalition airstrikes IG nemauto

Kuona ngozi kunyika vari Mauto boka "kwechiIslam State", dzinoverengeka Western nyika, kusanganisira US, Australia, Great Britain uye France, vakasarudza pamusoro kwemajoini Varwisei nemagandanga vanotyisidzirwa. Sezvo June 2014, masimba aya akaita mhepo rinopamura pamusoro munzvimbo mwero muSiriya uye Iraq. Munguva kubhomba, akakuvadzwa nokuda Caliph al-Baghdadi, uyo akafa muna March 2015. Maererano neimwe shanduro, haasi akafa, asi kungotaura mitezo. Akanga Anotsiviwa Abu ala al-Afri, uyo akanga auraya May 13, 2015.

The kukundwa of Kurds

Muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano "Islamic nehurumende" kutambura yakaipisisa inofungidzirwa rokukunda munhau avo hondo pamwe Kurds pamusoro guta Cobani kwakaitika kubvira pakutanga matsutso 2014 kusvika January 2015. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Mauto akakwanisa vanomboenda kutora guta, vakanga ipapo akagogodza maari. Kubva February 2015 kusvika nhasi pane kurwa nokuda yakapoteredza misha.

Asi, pasinei nhamba nezvipingamupinyi uye kurasikirwa nevatungamiriri vavo, Mauto ose "Islamic nehurumende" kuramba kudzora nharaunda chinokosha, uye panguva iyoyo vari kutyisidzira kwete chete nokuda nharaunda asi nekuda yose nyika.

Kupararira "Islamic State" mune dzimwe nharaunda

Kunyange zvazvo "kwechiIslam State" haina kuzivikanwa chero nyika munyika, mushure kuziviswa Caliphate uye kukosha kubudirira nemauto dzesangano kwaari kubatana simbi Islamic nemagandanga mapoka akasiyana-siyana pasi pose, achizivisa pachake enyika "Caliphate."

Chokutanga, ivo IG Mauto vakakwanisa kuwana midzi Libya. Ndadzokera April 2014, vakabata guta Dern uye Nofal, uye ikozvino kunokurumidziswa Sirte. Saka, uye muna North Africa hwakasimbiswa "Islamic nehurumende." Libya pashure sapakuparadzwa Gaddafi yakabvamburwa yevagari pakati General National Congress uye reParamende. IG kuzvidzora kusvikira kune duku ndima, vakamirira kuona chii vachatitaka kurwa pakati huru mauto aipikisa.

Imwe rokutanga akabatana IG "kwechiIslam Movement pamusoro Uzbekistan", rinotungamirirwa mutungamiri wayo Usmon Gazi. The sangano pari unoshanda kunyanya Afghanistan uye Pakistan. Kare 2014 ari Uzbek Interior Ministry vakuru vave kuudzwa nevoruzhinji nezvazvo.

Panguva iyoyowo acceding kuti "Islamic nehurumende," akadaro muEgipita Islamist boka "Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis."

Mushure Shiite yechimurenga Yemen uye kutanga hondo yevagari ikoko kushamwaridzana "Al-Qaeda mu muArabhiya Peninsula" (AQAP) mukupera muchando 2015 yakataura kuti yakatanga ukama sangano rayo mubereki uye akapika "Caliph" al-Baghdadi. Panguva iyoyo, AQAP muna Yemen anodzora ndima chinokosha.

Mukutanga kwegore ra2015 magariro sangano "Boko harami", vakatora kudzora nyika kuchamhembe Nigeria uye ane hondo chaiyo ine mubatanidzwa rinoti vakazivisa pacharo "West African Province of Islamic wehurumende."

Uyezve, varwi ari "Islamic nehurumende" raimiririra kuvapo kwavo Afghanistan uye Pakistan. Imomo mhiri IG akatora pamusoro mamwe mapoka Taliban. Kune mamwe mauto Taliban "Islamic hurumende" akatanga nebope.

Saka, mubvunzo ndeipi Islamic mamiriro, mumwe shoko mhinduro harizoiti sezvaraiva akasiyana vachiwaridza matavi aro munyika yose.

dzidziso

"Islamic mamiriro" kwakaita kure yakamanikana dzematongerwe enyika Sufism uye Wahhabism, izvo anobatsira aitungamirira basa "Al-Qaeda". Izvi zvinogona uwane vachiwedzera vatsigiri, riri zvechisikigo; nokuti vakawanda vemo weSiria uye Iraq, Sufism uye Wahhabism vari mutorwa. IG vatungamiriri nounyanzvi akashandisa izvi, achizviti caliph of Sunnis.

Asi chikuru chikamu mwero ari "Islamic nehurumende" hakusi vagari vemo, uye vamiririri dzimwe Arab nyika. Uyewo yakawanda vanozvipira kubva Europe uye Russia, zvikurukuru Mauto akakurwirai Ichkeria.

Nemagandanga Zviito "kwechiIslam State" pachinhu vavengi uye vomunzvimbo zvikuru utsinye. Kazhinji tsika kurwadziswa uye vaiurayiwa vairatidzira.

Zvinangwa "Islamic nehurumende"

Vatungamiriri Islamic wehurumende declaratively akataura kuti chinangwa chavo chikuru ndiko kumisa yose nyika caliphate. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, Mauto vanoti uye zvakawanda nezvinetso pedyo-izwi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutsvaka ndima kare vaiva ne hweOttoman Empire, muArabhia Peninsula, Central Asia uye Caucasus. Vanyanyisi kwakati vari kushanda kutanga zvombo zvenyukireya.

Countries munyika vanofanira kubatana pakurwisa ugandanga, ari IG, kuti apo "Islamic State", uyai hondo uye rufu.