Moscow - St. Petersburg mugwagwa. M11 nzira. Speedway "Moscow - St. Petersburg"

Pari kuti anoronga kuvaka mugwagwa "Moscow -. St. Petersburg" Uyu ndiwo mumwe rokutanga zvivako zviri Russian Federation, chinangwa chinokosha. The itsva yeUnited Mugwagwa kuna St. Petersburg ichatsiva aivapo - M10. Yokufamba pamusoro payo ichava kubhadhara.

tsananguro

M10 chakarasikirwa vachikwanisa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Zvichaita kuva wakasununguka pane itsva batana penzira. The nzira Moscow - St. Petersburg, zano inotaura nzvimbo dzakawanda, achava kureba vanenge mazana manomwe makiromita. Mugwagwa achatanga kubva miganhu guru uye mberi kuburikidza kumatunhu akasiyana. Zvikurukuru, chichagamuchirwa rakaitirwa Moscow (90 km), Tver (253 km), Novgorod (233 km) uye Leningrad (75 km) nharaunda.

Construction zvinhu

Pakazosvika 2018, zano yemutero penzira Moscow - St. Petersburg inofanira kuiswa muhombodo kushanda. Rokuvaka zvimwe zvikamu kutanga ikozvino. Zvinonzi akaronga kuti akapedza pakutanga bhora World Championship raizoitirwa 2018. The zvachose Mari yaidiwa kuvaka kwazvo zana nemakumi mashanu bhiriyoni rubles. Chikamu mari ichi chichange paakapiwa zvakananga muiti. The chinhu ari chetyrhpolosnuyu mugwagwa waishandiswa muchikwata 1a. Akaverenga havukavu - kwete kupfuura 150 km / h. The nzira itsva "Moscow - St. Petersburg" achapfuura nomunyika Novgorod uye Tver kumatunhu. Munzvimbo uyu akaronga kuvaka anenge zana mabhiriji. Uyezve, chichagamuchirwa vakagadzirira pamwe vanoverengeka motokari panosangana. Zvinonzi aronga wakaraira mutariri kwete zvikamu zvose nzira Moscow - St. Petersburg. The njanji, Zvisinei, kupfuura 50% achava chete wavo. Zviri anenge mana makiromita.

Economic zvinhu. Kushandiswa PPPs

Kuti vakatanga kuvaka mukuru-nokukurumidza mutsetse "Moscow - St. Petersburg", aifanira kushandisa chaihwo mashandiro. Munyika kokutanga vakashandisa nheyo paruzhinji-private Kudyidzana. Iri kungobvumirawo chibvumirano, icho chokuti nezvokupindira edzimba makambani. Ivowo, vanofanira zvinoenderana kuzvitsinhanisa kumwe bhajeti nokuda Implementation okuvaka mabasa.

kushandiswa kutanga

Makore akawanda apfuura, nheyo paruzhinji-private Kudyidzana raishandiswa chete nokuda kuvaka migwagwa mikuru. Zvisinei, panguva ino kambani "Avtodor" anoronga kuita dzimwe nzvimbo chinhu. kuvaka yavo kwaizotevera mashandiro kuchaitika mukati yechinangwa paruzhinji-private Kudyidzana. Kazhinji, ivo dziri zvakananga pedyo St. Petersburg.

The concessionaire of chinhu

Nokuti musoro pomugwagwa ndivo vose nezvipfuwo shareholders uye navatorwa zvakafanana. Basa rokugovera zvokuvaka riri "North-West Concession Company". Nderake sangano French. Panguva iyoyowo, hafu mari kwakaitwa shareholders Russian. Kusanganisira kwacho kunosanganisira sechivako rimwe St. Petersburg vanamuzvinabhizimisi. Vamwe vezvenhau vaimudana shamwari yake Mutungamiri Russian Federation. Muridzi date zvivako ndiye Arkady Rotenberg. pasuru iyi atenga navo makore mashoma apfuura, nhengo dzesangano "N-Trans".

The kusaina of chikwereti chibvumirano

The kuvhara zvemari zviri chirongwa musi pakuvaka musoro chikamu yaiitwa muchirimo 2010. Zvapedza kusaina yacho chikwereti chibvumirano. The kutengeserana akanga akapindwa masangano akadai Sberbank, "Vnesheconombank" uye "North-West Concession Company". Maererano chibvumirano, pamusoro mamiriro vanofanira kupa SZKK mari basa. chikwereti saizi iri kumativi matatu bhiriyoni rubles. On muripo wayo anopiwa nguva makore makumi maviri. Both mabhanga nemari vhoriyamu zvakaenzana. Federal Investment Fund achaitawo chirongwa imwe mari. Vakaronga placement kwezvivako kusungwa. Saka concessionaire anotarisira kurera mari kufukidza Zvakasara mari.

The kwekwainzi kubatanidzwa of European Bank

Pakuvamba Vanobudisa nhau akashuma kuti sangano achatora basa nemari basa racho. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti kubhangi anokwanisa kupa kuchikosha chikamu mubhizimisi. Mari idzi dziri aronga kutungamirira kushanda chikamu rokutanga hunde. Zvisinei, mashoko akagamuchirwa gare gare kuti kubhangi asarudza kuramba kubva kuita mari yacho chokuvaka. The sangano nharo ndechokuti zvinhu zvakadai dzinokanganisa nyika ikoroji. Izviwo, zvinopesana epamba bhengi remitemo. Zvisinei, mutauriri sangano akaramba mashoko aya. Akaita mashoko anoratidza kuti European bhengi haana kuenda chinhano nemari kuvaka chikamu musoro mukuru-nokukurumidza penzira. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nokuti zvakafanira mari chirongwa kare zviunganidzwe. Haritombotauri vanofanira akwezve wokumwe inivhesitimendi. Mukuwedzera, mumiririri mukuru pamahombekombe ari mashoko hakuna kumutadzisa mukana pokuita masangano nemari kuvaka dzimwe nzvimbo yacho.

Detailed kukarukureta kuti mari

Mari kuvaka chikamu chiduku mugwagwa anenge mabhiriyoni mana rubles. mari iyi haibatanidzi mutengo rokuzvidavirira achigadzirira mundima nokuda Implementation kuMudzidzisi mabasa, asi kunosanganisira VAT. A kota mari nokuti chirongwa kunobva kuna investor. The State runovimbisa urongwa yasara mari nokuda Implementation wechivako. Uyewo anokonzera rokutanga gadziriro yendima kuMudzidzisi basa, uye unofanira kufarira basa mapepa. Zvichava chinozoiswa pasi kwaiva kungobvumirawo zano.

famba mitengo

The runoenzanirana Masvomhu vachiri mberi. Zvakanga aronga kuti mari kufamba muchikamu musoro njanji achaita mana rubles por kiromita. Masvomhu aya yaiitwa maererano mutengo pamwero 2007, dzakakudzingai VAT mavari. Somugumisiro, nhamba achasiyana. The Pane zvinhu kukanganisa mutengo zvokufamba ichava: kakawanda kushandisa mugwagwa, nguva zuva, motokari muboka uye zvakafanana. Paavhareji mutengo iyo nzira M11 achava kuwanikwa, pamepu uko munyaya ino ichava haapfuuri 2,5 kwiza. / Km. Maererano rokutanga Masvomhu, kushandiswa mugove pamukova kuti Leningrad nharaunda (anenge 40 kilometers) achaita mari zvakafanana. The zororo mari munyika dzine dziri nechepakati chikamu nzira Moscow - St. Petersburg. Track sezvo akati pamusoro, unopfuura uye nedzimwe nzvimbo. Izvi, zvikurukuru, Novgorod, Tver uye Moscow. Saka, mutyairi motokari kufamba mumugwagwa achaita mari anenge 1 Ruble pa kiromita. Somugumisiro, mari yose rwendo vachasunungurwa munzvimbo rubles mazana matanhatu. Nyaya iyi yakamutswa zhizha rapera panguva World Economic Forum, iro kwakaitika St. Petersburg. Iye sachigaro Russian State Road Company akaita mashoko pamusoro mutengo zvokufamba. Maererano naye, mutengo chete kiromita penzira M11 zvowedzera yekudyidzana. Saka, mutengo wayo anotarisirwa anopfuura chiuru rubles.

Kudiwa kushanda

Basa mukusika dzimwe nzira kushanda huru M10 "Russia" akatanga kare. Design kwave refu zvakakwana. Kare 70s Zano mugwagwa understudy chokutanga kwaiva chikamu tenzi zano kukudziridzwa guru uye nedunhu. Chokwadi chokuti penzira M10 pari pasi zvikuru zvinorema. The vaifanira kubvumirwa iri kupfuura kakawanda. Zvino inogona nenzira anenge zviuru makumi mana motokari pazuva. Of sezvakarayirwa 170 000 motokari pazuva iri motokari chaiyo nhasi nenzira Moscow - St. Petersburg. The njanji nokukurumidza inova unusable. Kwazvo kufadza vachizvitakudza mitemo kungowira kwete chete kunaka mugwagwa. Pamusuo guru, paavhareji nokukurumidza munzira M10 iri makiromita asingasviki gumi. Neawa zvinogona kuderera yepamusoro kuti shanu. On ichi nzira, pane akawandisa tsaona dzemotokari kuti runopfuura zvinoitika mitemo munyika kakawanda. Munzvimbo pedyo mhepo yekudyidzana kusvibiswa. Izvi sandara akapfuudza utsanana dzemunharaunda yeRussian Federation muna kashanu.

Nezvinetso zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza hunhu

High-nokukurumidza penzira Moscow - St. Petersburg Khimki dondo achagova nepakati. Makore akawanda apfuura, pakuvaka mabasa munzvimbo iyi zvave akarembedzwa. Izvi nokuda kutsutsumwa nemasangano akanga kuparadza miti kuvaka huru. Zviito nhengo "Movement Kudzivirira Khimki Forest" kutema kwave amira. Zvadaro, mapurisa akawana kuti vashandi vakanga vasina kukodzera mvumo uye magwaro. Nokukurumidza pashure kuvaka kwakatanga zvakare. Panguva iyoyowo, uku akaedza kumumisa. Kwapera nguva mutungamiriri boka vasingabvumirani mumugwagwa pakuvaka akarwiswa. Kwapera nguva akaumba Kubatanidzwa hasha nevechiduku. Somugumisiro, mapurisa dzakamanikidzwa kupararira kumusasa wavo.

Gare gare, asingazivikanwi vanhu akaronga kurwiswa pakuvaka yomunharaunda yaitonga. Suo okumusoro akanga agogodza panze, uye mahwindo akavhuniwa. Mutungamiri kufamba achidzivirira musango haana kubvumirana nzira Kurwisa kwakadaro. The vatsigiri vakakwanisa kumisa kuvakwa. Zvisinei, munguva yechando musangano ehurumende basa. It kwakagadziriswa kuti dzinobvumira chepakutanga chirongwa. Vamiririri Commission akaita mashoko richiti kuti shanduro maererano iyo nzira itsva "Moscow - St. Petersburg" achapfuura nomunyika Khimki dondo, zvinotenderwa zvachose uye kwakarurama. Somugumisiro, chisarudzo raitsigirwa nenhengo dzakawanda hurumende, sezvo, avo maonero, chaiva nekuyanana uye mwero. Pashure dzinoshandiswa President kuti misa rokuvaka mimwe bvunzo. Nokukurumidza mubetseri Dmitry Medvedev akaita mashoko chaizvoizvo purezidhendi zvinogadzirisa zvakaitwa yakawanda akakodzera basa. Akataurawo kuti mufambiro wavo pave chinokosha kuvandudzika nechirongwa.

Somugumisiro, isu zvakagadzira hurongwa zviitiko zvakatipoteredza, vakatora nzvimbo ichigadzirira kuvaka. The zvachose Mari zano rakanga anenge mabhiriyoni mana emadhora. ino zvinosanganisira muzvizhinji kuti unoenderana zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, achasika ruzha Miganhu uye otomatiki mhepo zvichiongororwa zvechitima. Zvinonzi aronga kuita chaiwo matanho kudzivirira kuchengetedza nharaunda, chakasimwa greenery. Kuti abate Cabinet pamusoro Vashumiri mabasa aya multibillion emadhora mari yave dzinounzwa. mari izvi richaperera pamusoro muripo matanho mune dzimwe nzvimbo dondo kuti Warigirwa pasi muitiro kuvaka mukuru-nokukurumidza penzira.

"Zavidovo"

M11 nzira "Moscow - St. Petersburg" huchachinja miganhu yacho National Park. Izvi zvakare hwakonzera makakatanwa. Zvisinei, chirevo yorega kupinda simba. Hurumende harisati kusvika nekubvirana pasi nyaya iyi. Sezvandakakupai iri Khimki dondo, vamwe masangano veruzhinji anodzivisa M11 nomugwagwa ichipfuura munhu National Park. okutsutsumwa wandei dzakatangwa. Somugumisiro, hurumende yakasarudza kuti pane nzvimbo, iro richava njanji chitsva "Zavidovo" vachabatana dzimwe nzvimbo.

inotevera chinhu

Projected nenzira Moscow - St. Petersburg mugwagwa akakwanisa kuwana mvumo zvose zvakafanira (maererano nemitemo kushanda munyika) uye ane mhedziso akanaka pamusana ane Environmental Impact kupima. Centralized otomatiki motokari utariri hurongwa vachange iiswe panguva huru chikamu nzira M11, sezvo pakutanga aronga. Zvinonzi zvakare aronga kusika pfungwa yokukurumidzira yokukurukurirana, kubvisa, uye chiedza uye evaMedhia zvipingamupinyi vachava kushanda vakapoteredza mukomberedzo huru chikamu kwezvivako wechivako.