Mugore ripi raive muRussia yemashamba emisika? Chimiro nemabasa emisika yemapurisa

Imusika yemugove muRussia ndeimwe yezvikamu zvakakura zvehupfumi hwenyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, kubudirira kwayo kunowanzoenderana nehupfumi hwemamwe mune zvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha zvehupfumi. Misika yemugove muRussia inotarisana nematambudziko, kumamiriro ezvinhu macroeconomic. Kuvimba uku kunogona sei kutariswa pamatanho akasiyana ekugadzirwa kwayo? Ndeapi nguva huru yekuumbwa nekukura kwemashamba edzimba muRussia?

Imisika yematengo muRussia: sarudzo

Tichifunga nezvezvikamu zvakakura zvekugadzirwa nekugadzirwa kwemisika yemasvingo muRussia, zvichabatsira kuidziongorora kubva pakuona kwekushanda kwezvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana-siyana-inobatanidza zvinhu zvekugara uye ukama hwepamutemo, iyo inotengeswa nekutengeswa uye kukodzwa kweimba yekutengesa.

Zvinogona kucherechedza kuti zvose izvi zvizadzikisa mabasa anokosha ehurumende yeRussian Federation:

- kukurudzirwa kwekutsvaga mumusika wekwereti;

- kukurudzira kwekugovera mumusika wekuvaka;

- kukurudzira kukura kwemari inowanikwa mune imwe nhamba yezvikamu zvebhizimisi - mazano ezveimba, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka, varnishes, peint, kupedzisa, mapepa;

- kugadzirisa zvinetso zvevanhu zvekukurumidzira zvine chokuita nekupa vagari vane dzimba;

Nokudaro, misika yemugove ndeimwe yevatyairi vakakosha ekukura kwehupfumi kwenyika yose. Ngationei zvino kuti zvikamu zvaro zvakakosha zvakaumbwa sei uye zvakagadzirwa.

The residential real estate market in Russia: makore ekutanga ekubudirira

Mune gore ripi raive reRussian real estate market inowanikwa munharaunda yekutengesa neimba yekugara? Pamusoro peiyi nhoroondo, kune maverengeka maonero ekuona.

Maererano nevakawanda vatsvakurudzi, rekugara kwekugara kwemaimba inzvimbo yakatanga kuumbwa muna 1990 - mushure mekudhindwa kweMutemo "On Property", iyo yakagamuchira chivako chepfuma pachake muUSSR - kokutanga kwenguva yakareba. Izvo zvisati zvaitika, muSoviet Union, ichi kana icho chivako, kusanganisira zvivako, chaiva mune chairo chevanhu. Asi kwete muhupfumi - hurumende inobatana muUSSR yakabatanidzwa zvikuru neye capitalist system, iyo inopesana nemafungiro evanhu.

Pakarepo apo Mutemo "On Property" wakagamuchirwa, paine vagari vemuSUSS kune dzimba uye dzimba, izvo panguva iyoyo vainge vawana mukana weiyo zvigadziro zvekwereti. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti zvikwereti izvi zvakanga zviri kure nepurogiramu dzekutenga mari dzakajairika kune munhu nhasi mumugwagwa, asi kune imwe nzvimbo yakafanana navo. Vadzidzisi vaikwanisawo kutengesa zvinhu zvavo pamusika.

Icho chinhu chekusarudzwa

Uyezve, kubva muna 1992, nzvimbo yakawanda yekusvitsa dzimba, yakagamuchirwa nenguva iyoyo kubva kuhurumende, yakatangwa. Izvi zvakagara zvagara zvichifananidza kuumbwa kwezvakawanda zvekugovera pamusika, uye nekuda kwekuti kusununguka kusununguka kweimba kubva muhurumende kwakaderedzwa (kunze kwekugadzirirwa kweimwe hurongwa hwemagariro evanhu), kwaivawo nechido chekugara kwemaimba.

Kana tichitaura pamusoro apo apo misika yemuRussia yeimba yepamusoro yakatanga, saka zvinokwanisika kurongedza nguva yekutanga kwekusarudzwa kwemahofisi ehurumende. Ndiko, ndeye 1992. Zvisinei, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti yeRussia yemisika yemisika yakatangwa muna 1991, mushure mokunge Mutemo "On Property" wakagadzirirwa zvizere, uye kutanga kwekutengeserana kwekutenga uye kutengesa kweimba kwakatanga kushandiswa. Asi nemhaka yekuti zvishoma zvinyorwa zvekutsvaga uye kugadzirwa, nzira dzakaratidzwa mumusika zvisati zvaitika hazvikwanisi kuonekwa sekutengesa zvizere. Izvo chete nekutanga kwekusarura, izvo zvakatanga kuumba.

Nokudaro, matanho ekuumbwa kwemisika yemasvingo muRussia, kana tichitaura pamusoro pezvikamu zvekugara, zvakanyanya kutenderwa kuverenga kubva muna 1992. Iyo imwe nyaya iyo sangano rinobatana rehutano hwezvekutengeserana rinoratidzira kuvapo kwete chete kwechirongwa chepfuma yega, asiwo yehuwandu hwemitemo yepamutemo uye yezvemari kuburikidza nekutengeserana kwekutengesa uye kutengeswa kwemakamuri kunogona kuitwa. Ngationgororei nyaya iyi muchidimbu.

Apo nzira dzepamutemo dzepamusika weimba yeRussia Federation yakaumbwa?

Saka, mugore ripi raive reRussian real estate market, kana tikataura nezvekugara kwayo, isu zvino tinoziva - muna 1992. Zvisinei, muchimiro chayo chepakutanga chakashanda mukati mehutano hwemashoko emutemo asina kushandiswa, ayo akanga achiri kunyanya kutarisana nehutongerwe enyika. Chakutaura - kunyange Mutemo wehurumende panguva iyoyo wakanga usipo. Asi muna 1993 akaonekwa. Gare gare, mitemo pamusoro pekunyorwa kwehurumende kwekodzero dzedzimba dzakagadziriswa uye yakasimbiswa muna 1997, uye pamitengo yekutengesa muna 1998.

Mitemo uye Zvemari Zvisungo: Zvinokonzerwa Nokugadzirwa Kwemashamba

Nokudaro, pasinei nekuti yeRussia yekutengesa dzimba yakatangwa muna 1992, zvakatora nguva kuti iwane nzira dzakakodzera dzekutenderwa kutengesa kwekutenga uye kutengesa, pamwe nekukweretesa.

Zvechokwadi, chokwadi chokuti zvikwereti zvekutengesa zvakagamuchirwa pamatongerwo emitemo zvakagara zvatemerwa kutanga kwekugadzirwa kwemutsara mutsva mukuvandudzika kwemusika weimba muRussian Federation, inoratidzwa nekuwedzera kwakanyanya kwekudiwa, uye sechikonzero, pfuma yemitengo. Nezve periodization, iyo inofanana nema 2000s isati yasvika dambudziko re 2008-2009 rakatanga.

Ngationgororei zvarinotaura mune mamwe mashoko.

The residential real estate market in Russia: kubva pakutanga kwema 2000 kusvika kune dambudziko re 2008-2009

Izvo zvikonzero zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kweRussia real estate market panguva yakakodzera yaive, saka, zvikwereti zvekubhadhara mari (kunyanya kudiwa kwakanyanya kwavo kwakava pakati pe2000), kuwedzera mishairi yevagari vemo, pamwe chete nekugara kwekuda kwekugara. Somugumisiro, mutengo wepurazi muma2000 hwaive uchikwira. Chikonzero chekuderera kwavo kunogona kuva dambudziko rezvinhu muhupfumi, izvo zvingadai zvagara zvagara zvichitengesa kuderera mumusika wekutengesa, pamwe nekuderera kwekuda kwekugara nekuda kwekuderera kwekuwedzera kwemari.

Mamiriro akafanana akabuda muvhuro ra2008, apo, maererano nemamiriro ekusava nehutano emari yemusika wepasi rese, matambudziko akabuda muRussia mune zvehupfumi. Imari yevagari veRussia munguva yegore ra2012 yakaguma kukura, kunyanya pamitengo yakatarwa kusati kwaitika dambudziko rekupera kwegore ra2008. Mabhengi akatanga kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuongorora solvency yevakweretesa chikwereti, ndicho chikonzero chiyero chezvikwereti zveimba zvakaderera.

Somugumisiro, munguva yematambudziko e2008 kusvika ku9, matengo edzimba muRF yakaderera zvikuru. Asi nekusimbiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu macroeconomic muRussia, kuwedzera kwemari yevagari vese kwakatanga kurondedzerwa zvakare, mabhanga zvakare akashanda zvakanyanya maererano neimba yezvikwereti, uye misika yemugove yeRussia, iyo yatotora maitiro, yakapinda mushure mutsva wekusimudzirwa. Ngationei zvikamu zvayo.

The Russian residential real estate market: from 2010 to the crisis of 2014

Mukurwisana nechekupedzisira kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwekukwirira kwezvikwereti zveimba, kuenderera mberi kwekuda kwepamusoro munguva ino muRussia zvakare kwakatanga kuwedzera kutengesa mitengo yeimba. Zvisinei, izvi zvinoshandiswa, sevanyori vanoti, yakanga isingaiti kune dzose dzeRussia. Kunyanya, mumaguta makuru eRussia, kunyanya muMoscow neSt. Petersburg, kuwedzera kwemitengo yekugara kwemaimba yakange isina kunyatsooneka mune zvinyorwa. Izvi vaongorori vanobatana kunyanya nekugadziriswa kwemusika. Pasinei nokuti maguta makuru eRussia akaramba achida kuendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo, kusimbiswa kwemakaka emusha muMoscow neSt. Petersburg kusvika pamwero wakakonzera kudiwa kukuru kweimba.

Dambudziko guru uye misika yemisika

Mune imwe nzira kana imwe, mune mamwe maguta akawanda eRussia, nemhaka yekushayikwa kwekugovera, matengo edzimba akakura zvishoma. Chikonzero chekuderera kwavo, zvakare, kunogona kuva dambudziko rezvinhu muhupfumi. Izvi zvine chokuita nekubatana kwezvinangwa zvekunze kwenyika, kutengesa kwemafuta nemamwe matambudziko emarongerwo enyika munyika yeRussian Federation yakasimuka muna 2014.

Mari yevanhu vakawedzera zvakare. Nenzira inonyanya kushata, dambudziko idzva rakakonzera bhengi - Central Bank yakamanikidzwa kuwedzera kubhadhara mari, uye mabhizimusi emari ekutengeserana, zvakare, akasimbisa mazwi ekubhadhara chikwereti. Somugumisiro, misika yemari inotora chikwereti yakaderera zvikuru. Izvi zvakagara zvagara zvagadziriswa kuwedzera kwekugadzikana mune zvekugara mumisika yemuRussia.

Ndezvipi zvinotarisirwa nehupenyu huno hwepfuma uye hukama hwepamutemo maererano nehupfumi hwemazuva ano?

The Russian residential real estate market: targets

Zvikamu zvekugadzirwa kwemusika weimba yeRussia, unofungidzirwa nesu, zvinoratidza kuti dambudziko re phenomena yezvikamu zvakatarisa hazvisi zvitsva. Munguva yekuderera kwegore ra2008 kusvika muna9, kwakave nekuderera kwakafanana mumatengo emba, sezvakaitika mumatambudziko a2014, simba rekubhadhara chikwereti chakanga chiri kuderera. Asi nokukurumidza apo mamiriro ezvinhu munyaya dzeupfumi akavandudzwa - zvose zviri mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvigaro zvekugara zvekugara zvakange zvichiri kugadziriswa - nekuda kwekugara kwakakwirira kwekuda kwekugara.

Kumirira kurongwa kwehurumende

Kuti akunde dambudziko muna 2008-2009, hupfumi hweRussia hwakabatsirwa nemitengo yakawanda yemafuta, kutanga muna 2011, inenge inenge madhora zana nemakumi maviri. Ko kudzoka kwavari ikozvino, apo "goridhe dema" inodhura kazhinji kutsika - mubvunzo mukuru. Kana izvi zviri izvo, saka, zvichida, mutambo wekare-ikozvino wekukura kwemari yeRussia ichashanda. Kana zvisingaiti, zvinenge zvichiitika kuti vachazofanira kumirira kusvikira zvirongwa zvehurumende dzichigadzirisa mamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika, chinangwa chekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemari yemari, inotanga kushanda.

Nekudaro, mamiriro ezvinhu mubasa rekugara reimba yepamusoro rinoenderana nekubudirira kwehutungamiri hwehurumende munharaunda yekugadzirisa hupfumi hweRussia kune mamiriro matsva anowanikwa mumusika wepasi.

Musika wezvokutengeserana kwemaimba muRussia Federation: maitiro uye kubudirira

Saka, takaona kuti gore rei reRussia real estate market rakagadzirwa uye kuti rakagadziriswa sei - munzvimbo yekugara. Ngatitangei zvino tsvagai zvakananga zveimwe nzvimbo, kureva, yekutengesa pfuma. Kutengesa, kutenga uye kukodzera maitiro kunoitwa nekuremekedza zvivako zvakadai sezvivako zvehofisi, mabhizimisi, mahofisi, magaraji, magaraji, mahofisi, masitadhi.

Kwakanga kune mari yekushambadzira inokosha mubhizinesi here?

Pakutanga kwechinyorwa chacho, takaona kuti munzvimbo yekugara yeRussia yekutengesa dzimba yakatangwa muna 1992 - apo pfuma yakatanga. Nezvokutengeserana, zvikwereti zvakafanana zvemashamba mumamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera, apo hutongerwo hwehurumende hwakaendeswa pasina mari kune vadzidzisi vega, hauna kuonekwa pamwero mukuru. Nokudaro kuvhengana kwezvivako zvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi, kunyange zvazvo zvakaitika muRussian Federation, haikwanisi kuva mhando yakasimba yekukura kwechikamu chacho, sekunyanya kwekugara kwemaimba.

Nokudaro, tinogona kugumisa kuti mune chikamu chekutengeserana chemusika weRussia chaiyo yekutengesa yakaumbwa mugore chete zvakangofanana muna 1991, mushure mokunge Mutemo "Pamwe Pfuma" wakatanga kushanda. Dzimwezve vatyairi vekukura kwayo, zvakare, kubudirira kwekukweretesa mapurogiramu, asi akatozogadziriswa kune yebhizimisi sphere, uyewo kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwehupfumi hweRussia, kunyanya kumavambo ekuma 2000.

Iko mari inowanikwa kune zvikamu zvose

Sezvakaitika munharaunda yekugara, yekutengeserana imisika yemakamuri yakanga yakanakira dambudziko re 2008-2009. Uyezve, yakange ichikanganisa nekuderera kwegore ra2014 ne2015. Nokudaro, tarisiro yekufambira mberi kweiyo nzvimbo yehupfumi hwenyika ino inobvawo kune macroeconomic maitiro.

Zvisinei, kusiyana nevashambadziri ndivo vatengesi vakuru nevatengi muimba yekugara yemugove, zvidzidzo zvakakodzera mune zvekutengeserana - mabhizinesi, zvinogona kuita simba rinokosha pamatongerwo emari munyika. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwehurongwa hwehurumende hunofanirwa nekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano mune zvehupfumi, kunyanya kunobva pakusimba kwemabasa ekutengeserana emabhizimisi ega ega.

Nokudaro, mumasimba ebhizimisi kuita zvakawanda kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti mamiriro ezvinhu muhupfumi hwehurumende yeRussia Federation ave akawana mamwe mafungiro akanaka. Somugumisiro - kukurudzira kufambira mberi kweiyo yekutengeserana kwemahoteri.

Summary

Saka, takatsunga gore umo marashiro eRussia yemasitendi akaumbwa muzvikamu zvekugara uye zvekutengeserana, akacherechedza zvikamu zvikuru zvekuvandudzwa kwayo. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera mamiriro emamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda yakakodzera yehupfumi hwenyika inonyanya kuitika mune zve macroeconomic. Kana mamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika ainzwa nehuwandu hwezvakanaka zvinoitika - misika yemugove muzvikamu zvose zvirikudziridza.

Kana zviri zvezvisikwa zvekutsvaga kwayo munzvimbo dzekugara uye mune zvebhizimisi, tinogona kutanga tanyatsocherechedza kuti mushambadzi weRussia hwemaimba wakaumbwa mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ekuchinja kubva muhutungamiri hwehupfumi hwematongerwo enyika kusvika kune guru guru. Nzvimbo dzepamutemo uye dzezvemari dzinodiwa nokuda kwekushanda kwayo zvakakwana hazvina kuonekwa pakarepo.

Zvisinei, muhupenyu hwemazuva ano , mutengo weRussia real estate inokura maererano nemitemo imwechete iyo inofananidzwa nevematongerwo enyika akawanda. Maumbirwo emitengo pairi inoitika nekuda kwekugadzirisa chinangwa chekugovera uye kuda. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuvimba kwekuvandudzwa kwayo pane mamiriro ehupfumi seyakazara. Kana pane kudiwa kwakanaka, ipapo simba rekusika richava rakanaka.