Network dzakati - chii ichi? Basic samambure protocols

Kasiri kare, sangano vomunharaunda network zvinoda fanira kushandiswa zvakarurama Protocol. sarudzo iyi ane simba pamusoro mhando makombiyuta zvinogona kwakabatana kwairi. Nhasi, yakafanana dambudziko rave rakapotsa anyangarika. Modern zvakarukwa TCP IP protocols chakatsiva zvose kuti aivapo kare. Chinhu zvakasikwa mhinduro inogona kushandiswa iri chero uchishandisa hurongwa.

mazwi

Network Protocol - chiri mutauro akasimbisa umo kukurukurirana chirongwa. The date kuchinjirwa ndiyo kufamba zvishoma yorwizi vachishandisa imwe waya. Zvokuti asvika kubaya kombiyuta nezvinhu izvozvo muchimiro data, zvinoda mumwe remataurirwo. Kuti vari pamutemo tichienzanisa protocols. About pavo vanowanzotaura kuti vane pamwero nesting. How kunzwisisa izvi? Kune zvinhu layer iri mazita tsanangudzo Somuenzaniso, chii yaizova simba tambo, pakukora mutsinga zvayo, uye zvimwe parameters. Toti chinhu waya akanaka. Zvadaro, mashoko omumasherufu achatumirwa kwaari. Asi vamwe makombiyuta ruchandovatorapo? Ipapo basa inobatanawo date kubatana layer uye packet Header kutaura kero nomumwe muchina panyama - imwe nhamba vasonanidza kupinda pemambure kadhi. Inonzi Mac-kero.

samambure akanyatsorongwa

Link rukoko rinobatana Ethernet. pasuru iyi ine mamwe parameters rinotsanangurwa kuti kutsanangura ayo mhando. Ava zvakananga kushanda ichi mhando, uye avo tigutsikane rinoreva zvakarukwa rukoko. Pane vaviri Inonyanya protocols: ARP, riri basa rokutendeutsa IP-kero kuna Mac, uye IP-dzakati pacharo. Zvinokwanisika kuunza mamiriro IP-packet. Data zvose Kutamiswa tichibatsirwa atotumira chairo Network kero. The pasuru ane nhamba iri yakanatsa format, chichiratidza mhando dzakati.

Zvinonyanyozivikanwa mhando mbiri: TCP, uye UDP. Pakati pavo pane imwe musiyano wakaumbwa chokuti wokutanga ane kunonyanyisa mwero rakavimbika, nekuti kana kutumira packet payo anoramba achitumira ayo chikumbiro chionekeso. Chechipiri zvakarukwa dzakati - riri pedyo chokushandisa Somuenzaniso, kana kuteerera Internet Radio. Zvinofungirwa kutumira omumasherufu pasina chokwadi vachiongorora chionekeso yavo. Akati asvika, uchakwanisa kuteerera redhiyo, uye kana asina - hapana chikonzero kuongorora uye kuongorora.

Features pasuru dhirivahari

The pasuru zvirokwazvo tsanangurai chiteshi chengarava nhamba, icho kutumira. Kazhinji, parameter iri pakutsvaga mhando dzakati panguva chikumbiro pamwero - uko mashoko chinotungamirwa zvichienderana chikumbiro,. Unogona kushandisa non-mureza zviteshi uye mabasa, hapana richizvirambidza. The inozivikanwa samambure protocols mune iyi ndiyo HTTP uye POP3. Anowana akanyatsorongwa pamusoro nested package. The Ethernet-pasuru midzi yacho IP, mamwe TCP kana UDP, uye ipapo mashoko nezvezvandaifanira zvariri kushanda.

chinosiyanisa zvinhu

Network dzakati, mukusiyana kuti dzakati Data kutapurirana hakuna rakasungirirwa imwe midziyo. Implementation yavo kunoitika software, saka unogona kuisa kubvisa chero nguva.

IP uye TCP / IP

Izvi samambure dzakati hakuna chete kushandiswa paIndaneti, asi mukati uchishandisa hurongwa. Ndiye chokufambisa uye nomumbure layer zvokuti date hutachiwana dzakabatana. makore vazhinji Rakashandiswsa chete Unix-zvakadai network, uye zvino kuti Indaneti rakura nokukurumidza zvikuru, kuti IP Network dzakati rave kushandiswa dzinenge dzose mhando vomunharaunda network kombiyuta. Panguva iyoyo rinoshanda chikuru dzakati kuti ruzhinji mabasa kumhanya pasi uchishandisa hurongwa.

Local uye kushandisa network

The Old rezvebonde protocols anoda rwakati ruzivo, uye TCP / IP rinoshandiswa vanoshandisa dzakadaro, vasina kumbogara kuona NICs. Indaneti Via munhu Modem kana munharaunda rezvebonde kunosimbiswa paaishandisa chete Protocol. A basa kuchinja zvachose novimba mhando mukomboni zvaishandiswa kwacho. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mambure rukoko protocols vakasiyana vose, uye pazviruva yokwaanogara rezvebonde kana Via munhu Modem, zvakare, vane zvimwe nuances. Dial-up kubatana zviri nani yokugadza pamwe otomatiki configuration chepurogiramu, izvo nechikoro nokuda zvatinoda. Zvikasadaro, unofanira manually kupinda zvakafanira zvose parameters yacho. Unogona kudzokorora inokosha rezvebonde protocols.

The IPX dzakati

Mbuva yakanga yakataurwa Novell kudirwa vayo uchishandisa hurongwa NetWare. IPX ari ubatanidzwewo akafanana TCP / IP, kureva izvozvo zvinosanganisira zvimwe protocols ari packet, asi kambani aitsigira Copyright kwayo. Zvisinei, Microsoft akaita dzakati kuti inowirirana avo akagadzirirwa kuti anodawo mugadziriro mhuri Windows. IPX ndiye nomumbure dzakati kuti zvakafanana tichitaura dzichipfekeka IP. SPX - mudziyo nokuda chokufambisa layer rakaitirwa nechokwadi kupanana packet Data pakati yoga michina.

Panguva iyoyo, dzakati iyi chete kushandiswa network pamwe Server apo yakare shanduro NetWare. kwakanyorwa rinoshandiswa pamwe nevamwe yakatarwa samambure protocols. Zvino kambani Nowell zvakazara hwakatamisirwa itsva yezvisikwa TCP / IP Protocol.

NetBEUI

Izvi samambure dzakati rinoshandiswa duku kadikidiki network. Wakatanga akatanga Windows NT 3.1, uyewo mushanduro dzakawanda Zvakazoitwa wegadziriro, apo rakashandiswa default. Achangobuda shanduro hurongwa yakatsiviwa yaizivikanwa TCP / IP. dzakati Izvi nyore, isina zvakawanda zviri yaishandiswa zvikuru mberi zviitiko. Hazvina akakodzera mashoko Exchange suo. Zvinogona kubatsira kuti nyore kufurirwa kunyatsotarira network, asi zvino kunyange anounzwa mureza zvinoriumba Os, zvinodikanwa kumisa pachavo pamwe Disc.

NetBEUI - mukana nzira kuumba zvakananga waya kubatana, uye pfungwa iyi iri shoma dzakati iyo inodiwa kuti paumbwe imwe vaGiriyedhi hoc samambure musi Windows 9X shanduro.

zvakawanikwa

Zvakakosha kuyeuka zvimwe nguva. Panguva iyoyo hapana chete Network Protocol. Vose zvakagadzirirwa pakukurukurirana, asi mumwe nomumwe wavo mabasa akasiyana zvachose, pane zvakanakira nekuipira tichienzanisa nevamwe. Kushandiswa neimwe anotora ariko zvimwe kushanda zvinhu, izvo kazhinji chairayirwa Protocol. Pakusarudza mhinduro zvakafanira kuti kuvimba pfungwa iyi.