Nzira yekutaura sei kubatana kwekuzvarwa. Mutemo wehukama hwemhirizhonga

Munyika kune mazana makumi maviri enyika. Mutemo munyika dzakawanda unobvumira vagari venyika kuti vawane pasports dzekunze (kana zvivako zvekugara). Russia ndeimwe yavo. Kusvikira munguva pfupi ichangopfuura, mahofisi ehurumende yeRussia ane pipoti yekune imwe nyika kana mvumo yekugara yakanga isiripo.

Vagari vazhinji vakanzwa nezvehukama huviri muRussia. Vamwe vakada kutora mukana wekuti vave chidzidzo chechimwe nyika. Zvaisava zvakafanira kukuzivisa iwe kuti une hukama hweimwe nyika. Asi zvino mamiriro acho akachinja. Pamusoro pekuti pane hukama hwemhirizhonga, ikozvino zvakakosha kuzivisa FMS yeRussia. Kana zvisina kudaro, basa guru rakanaka kana kugadzirisa rinotyisidzirwa. Nzira yekuzivisa hukama hwehukama hupi? Mune zviitiko zvipi zvinopiwa nokuda kwekusununguka kwemitemo yemutemo?

Mutemo uyu chii?

Muzhizha ra2014, mutungamiri weRussia akasaina mutemo, maererano nemaRussia akavanza kuva nehukama hwemhirizhonga angapomerwa. Kuti varege kuwira pasi peyi tsanangudzo, vagari veRussian Federation, pamberi pepasipoti (kana mvumo yekugara) yeimwe nyika, vanofanira kuzivisa Federal Federal Transformation pamberi paOctober 4, 2014.

Kana izvi zvisiri izvo zvisingasviki, zviremera zvichapa mukana wakanaka, iyo yakawanda yakawanda inogona kusvika mazana maviri emabhururi. (Kana ivo vachapiwa kururamiswa, kusvikira maawa 400). Uyu ndiwo mutemo mutsva weRussia pamusoro pehukama hwehukama.

Presidential Initiative

Funga nezvehuno hunokosha hunobatanidza nekunyora kwekutanga, maererano neiyo FMS yakasimbisa mutemo wekupinda kune dzimwe nyika. Ndiani akaumba mutemo wakasimba weRussian Federation pamusoro pehukama hwehuviri? Maererano nekucherechedza kwezvenyanzvi, mutungamiriri weRussia pachake akatanga chirongwa chacho. Akataura pfungwa iyi: vagari veRussian Federation vanomanikidzwa kubvumira vane hurumende kuziva nezvekuvapo kwehukama kune dzimwe nyika pamusangano nevasenare mu Federation Federation.

Nuances

Mutemo weRF pamusoro pehukama hwemhirizhonga ine mutemo: kana mutongi weRussia asati aine pasipoti yeimwe hurumende, asi ari kuigamuchira, FMS ichadikanwa kuziviswa mukati mememazuva makumi matanhatu mushure mekushandiswa kwedzimwe nyika.

Saizvozvowo, FMS inofanira kuziviswa kana pasipoti (kana kuti mvumo yekugara) yeimwe nyika iripo kune vana vane vabereki vane vagari veRussia. Kune vaduku kune chimiro chakakosha.

Mutoro

Muchiito chakasayirwa neMutungamiri weRussia, zvinonzi iyo yakanaka ye 200,000 rubles. - ichi ndicho chakanyanya kutyisidzira mugari asina kumboita mitemo yakakodzera maererano nekubatana neFMS. Ndezvipi zvinorehwa nemitoro inorehwa mumutemo? Chii chinoitika kana kuziviswa kwehukama hwemhirizhonga hweFMS husina kutumirwa?

Nyanzvi dzinovimbisa kuti iyo yakanaka ichabudiswa chete kana Federal Federal Transmission inoratidza kupararira kwechikonzero kwevanhu vanobva pakuzivisa kwekuvapo kwepasipoti yeimwe nyika. Kana munhu, somuenzaniso, asingasviki nguva yakatarwa yakagadzwa nemutemo (pamberi paOctober 4), saka zvinhu zvose zvinomutyisidzira ndiyo yakanaka yehutungamiri ye 500 kana 1000 rubles. Saizvozvowo, chirango chemari chichaiswa kana munhu wekugara achipa gwaro risina kukwana kumagwaro eFMS, kana kune zvikanganiso zvakakura mukushandiswa, kana ruzivo rwakashata runowanika.

Kuderera

Mutemo mutsva unobvumira zvinyorwa zvitsvene zvinonzwisisika. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vokuRussia avo vasati vaenda kune dzimwe nyika kunze kwegore raOctober 4 (kana vanogara ikoko zvachose) havagoni kuzivisa FMS nezvekuva nepasipoti yeimwe nyika vasati vasvika pamba. Izvi zvinonzwisisika, nokuti dzimwe nyika zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvisingabvumirwi kugamuchira chiziviso chekubata hukama hwechipiri nenzira imwecheteyo iyo Post Russian inogona kuita.

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinovimbisa kuti mutemo hauiti kune vanhu vokuRussia vane vagari venyika iyo iyo Russian Federation yakagumisa zvibvumirano zvakasiyana-siyana zvenyika dzakawanda. Kunyanya, nyika dzakadaro dzinosanganisira Tajikistan uye Turkmenistan.

Zvimwe zvikamu zvemurairo zvinowanikwa mune zveRepublic of Crimea uye neguta reSevastopol, kune idzi nzvimbo dzenyika mitemo ichashanda muna 2016.

Isu tinokuzivisai nezvehutongi muSweden Migration Service

Ndingaita sei kuti ndive nehuviri hwehukama hwekuti hurumende yeHurumende inoshandiswa isisina mubvunzo nezvekuchengeta mitemo? Zivisai FMS yekuvapo kwechipiri nyika inogona kuva mune imwe yenzira mbiri. Iyo inokurumidza kuonekwa kweunhu pachako munharaunda yenzvimbo yedhipatimendi panzvimbo yekugara kana chairo chekugara. Kero yeyuniki yaunoda inogona kuwanikwa pawebsite yebazi. Sezvo tauya kuhofisi yeFedic Migration Service, veRussia vanofanira kusiya sarudzo yakanyorwa (kana, kana zviri zvepamutemo, chiziviso chekuva vagari venyika mbiri, maitiro ayo achabviswa nevashandi). Nenzira, pane mapepa maviri akadaro: wekutanga kune vanhu vakuru, wechipiri kune avo vasati vava nemakore 18. Chikumbiro chinofanira kuendeswa nekopikopi yepasipoti yeRussian Federation uye imwe nyandiko yakabudiswa nedzimwe nyika. Kushandurirwa muchiRussia (nekucherechedza kwayo) hazvidi kuti zviitwe.

Isu tinokuzivisa nezvehukama kuburikidza nePost yeRussia

Ndingaita sei kuti ndive nehuviri hwehukama kana ini ndisina mukana wekushanyira hofisi ye Federal Federal Transformation? Nzira yechipiri ndeyokutumira mapepa akafanana eApost of Russia. Shanda mune dhipatimendi iri kutungamira yakatanga mazuva mashomanana mushure mokupinda kwekumanikidza mutemo mutsva.

Iwe unogona kutumira magwaro kuFMS pane chero post office. Sezvakaita munzira yekutanga yekutumira ruzivo, mapepa emapepa anosanganisira chiziviso chehukama hwehuviri (fomu Inogona kutorwa kubva kuWedge Migration Service website). Vashandi vesangano iri vanomanikidzwa kutarisa kana basa racho rakazadzwa zvakanaka, kana mabhuku ose anodiwa akabatanidzwa. Mushure mekusimbisa, chiziviso chemugari wehupenyu chekuva nehukama hwehukama chinotumirwa kune FMS netsamba. Mune mamwe mahofisi emahofisi, vashandi vanopiwa "nhamba yepamusoro" inokosha iyo inokwanisa kutarisa kuti chiziviso chechizvarwa chechipiri chinopiwa sei.

Important nuance

Muzviitiko zvose izvi, zvakakosha kuwana chivimbiso chokuti mapepa agamuchirwa. Muchiitiko chekuisa chikumbiro nekunaka kweunhu pachako muFMS, mushandi wehurumende anofanirwa kujekesa zvinyorwa zvemugari nechinasa ndokumupa "counterfoil" yefomu. Kana sarudzo yacho inotumirwa ne-mail, nzira yakadaro inogadzirwa nemushandi anogamuchira tsamba, asi haaisi kuisa chikwangwani, asi chisimbiso kana kuti chinoratidza.

Mutemo muSouth Ossetia

Mubvunzo unowedzera kukurumidza: "Vagari vema nyika vane hurumende inongoratidzwa chete neRussia inotumirwa kuFMS kuburikidza nekuziviswa kwehukama hwehuviri here?" Semuenzaniso South Ossetia?

Nyanzvi dzinovimbisa, kunyange kana hurumende yemamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende ichizivikanwa neRussian Federation uye hakuna mumwezve, vanhu vokuRussia vane pasipoti yenyika ino vanofanirwa kuzivisa kuFMS, sokunge uhu huri chiFrench kana, semuenzaniso, America. Mutemo wehukama hwehuviri hahuna tsanangudzo pamusoro pekubvumirana kwemashoko kune dzimwe nyika. Nokudaro, vagari veSouth Ossetia, avo vane passport yepasi uye panguva imwechete yeRussia, vanofanira, kana vakatarisa kugara muRussia Federation, vanozivisa zvakanaka Federal Migration Service yekuvapo kwehukama hwehukama.

Zvinogoneka kuti anogara muRepublic of South Ossetia ane pasipoti yeRussia chete, uye mukati - kwete. Zvadaro hapana chikonzero chekupa chero zviziviso kune FMS. Mubvunzo wekuti ungaudza sei pamusoro pehukama hwehukama hwevanhu vaviri, huchasangana nevatari venyika iyi duku.

Nyaya yehukama hwehuviri: chiitiko chekunze kune dzimwe nyika

Mitemo yekufamba kune dzimwe nyika yakasiyana. Maonero ekuda kuva vagari venyika, zvakare. Kunyange kune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope, uko, zvingaratidzika, mitemo yakawanda yakafanana, hapana nzira yakawanda yekuita iyi. Dzimwe nyika dzinobata hukama hwehukama hwakanaka zvakanaka, dzimwe dzisingatsigiri kana kunyange dzisina kunaka. Pasina mubvunzo, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika mune mutemo wekufamba, zvinokanganisa zvinogona kuchinja. Ihurumende dzeEurope dzine kodzero yekubudisa mitemo mitsva yekugadzirisa mabasa akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira vaviri vagari venyika.

Nyanzvi dzinoti chirango chakaipa chekuvanza nyika yekunze kune dzimwe nyika chinhu chisingawanzoitika munyika. Izvi zvinogona kurondedzerwa, kunyanya, nekuti inyanzvi dzemazuva ano dzinoshandiswa nehutungamiri hurumende dzinoita kuti zvive nyore nyore kuziva vagari venyika vane pasipoti inobva kune imwe nyika. Muenzaniso wehurumende umo mutemo unenge wakamanikana ndiIndia. Munyika ino, vaviri vagari vemo vanobvumirwa. Uye kana munhu ane pasipoti yenyika akayambuka muganhu maererano nemagwaro eimwe nyika, ipapo mukana mukuru unomumirira, uye nekuratidzwa kwakarongeka kwezviito zvakadaro, nguva yejeri. Saizvozvowo mumitemo yakaoma inoshanda, somuenzaniso, muSingapore.

Uye chii chinonzi "kubatana kwevagari vemo"?

Murairo weRussian Federation unotsanangura uviri hwehukama hwekuva chizvarwa cheRussia pamusoro pekune imwe nyika yekunze. Mutemo wekutanga wenyika yakanyorwa zvakananga kune kodzero yekuve nemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.

Inoti maRussia anokwanisa kuva vagari venyika dzenyika kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinowanikwa mumitemo yezvematongerwo enyika kana mabasa edzimhosva akasainwa neRussian Federation.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvechiitiko ichi? Mitemo yeRussia inotaura kuti kuvapo kwekuva vagari venyika hazvibatsiri kuderedza kodzero idzi uye rusununguko (uye panguva imwechete, mabasa) anobva pamusana pokuzvarwa kweRussia. Kusiyanisa kunofanira kunyoreswa mumabasa ehurumende uye enyika dzakawanda.

MuRussia, pane mitemo miviri mikuru inobvumirana nemutemo unhu hwemhirizhonga.

1. Mamiriro ezvinhu umo chibvumirano chekugara kana pasipoti yeimwe nyika inogadziriswa maererano nechibvumirano chinokosha chepasi rose (pamusoro apa takataura muenzaniso wematunhu maviri umo Russian Federation yakasaina chibvumirano chakadai - Turkmenistan neTajikistan).
2. Mamiriro ezvinhu umo chizvarwa cheRussia chakawana hukama hweimwe nyika (imwe kana kuti zhinji), apo Russian Federation haina kubatanidzwa mune izvi.

Masayendisiti anocherechedza kuti mukuita, nzira yekubhabhatidzwa kwekuva vagari venyika yeRussia maererano neimwe nyika inogona kuitika kune mamwe masimba.

Federal federation rules

Mamwe mapurogiramu emurairo chaiwo anofanirawo kuverengwa. Mashoko akawanda anonakidza ari muDare Law "Pamusoro peCitizenship of the Russian Federation". Inoti, somuenzaniso, kuti vanhu vokuRussia vane pasipoti kana mvumo yekugara kune imwe nyika vanobatwa chete sevagari veRussia Federation (zvakare, kunze kwekunge zvakasarudzwa nezvibvumirano zvenyika dzakawanda). Mutemo Wemutemo unoshoko rinonyanya kukosha. Chinokosha chazvo ndechokuti kutenga kwemugari weRussian Federation yepasipoti yeimwe nyika hakusi kuparadza hurumende yeRussia. Panewo mutemo mune mutemo uyu unofanidza kudiwa kwevanhu veRussia kuti varambe vagari venyika.

Nzira yekupinda sei mumutemo uye woenda nemapasipoti maviri?

Mubvunzo unonzwisisika: "Ndeipi nzira yekuyambuka muganhu weRussian Federation maererano nevanhu vane hukama hwehukama hwakatongerwa?" Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, tinotendeukira kuDare reMutemo "Panzira yekusiya Russian Federation". Inoti vagari venyika yeRussia vanopinda munyika yavo yekugara pamagwaro akabudiswa nehurumende dzeRussia (pane imwe nguva kana pasipoti yekune dzimwe nyika).

Mukuwedzera, mutemo unopa mukana wekubvumira kupinda munharaunda yeRussian Federation pasi pechibvumirano chakabudiswa nemamwe madhipatimendi emamwe masangano. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana munhu akarasikirwa nepasipoti yake.

Uyewo, urongwa hwekupinda munharaunda yenyika, vagari veRussia vari muhutano hwehukama hwemhirizhonga, hunotsanangurwa nemitemo yemunharaunda. Pasi pose, vane mitemo yakafanana kana yakafanana kune avo vari muRussia. Munguva iyi, pavanyoresa vatakuri kuti vatizire kune imwe nyika, ndege dzinogona kukumbira rugwaro rwenyika yeRussia inogona kuvimbiswa kupinda munharaunda yeimwe nyika. Uye izvi zvinonyanya kunge zvisiri kuva pasipoti yeRussia. Saka, patinopfuurira maitiro ane chokuita nekuongorora-famba kutiza uye kufamba kwetsika pamba uye kune dzimwe nyika, zviri nani kuti mugari weRussia ave nemapasipoti maviri pamwe naye.

Rusununguko rwepagurukota

Nokudaro, muMitemo yeRussia Federation hapana mazano anonyatsorambidza vagari vomunyika kuti vave vatongi vemamwe nyika, hapana mitemo iyo inogona kurega kodzero yevarussia kuti vave noukama hwemhando mbiri. Iko kune zvibvumirano zvakasarudzwa zvinotungamirira kushanduka kwenzira (semuenzaniso weTajikistan neTurkmenistan). Uye hurumende iyi yakasununguka kubva pakuona kwemurairo, nyanzvi dzinofunga, dzakagara dzagara dzatarisa kubuda kwenhamba yakawanda yevagari muRussia, avo vane maitiro maererano nehukama hwehukama husina kugadziriswa mumabhuku ehurumende dzehurumende. Ndizvo izvi kuti chokwadi chekuti FMS haina kuziva kuti vangani vaRussia vane vagari vemo kune dzimwe nyika vanogona kubatana. Zvichida kuti iyi mamiriro ezvakaitika ave chikonzero chekubuda kwemurairo pamusoro pehukama hwehukama.