Okudzhava Bulat: A Biography. Bulat Okudzhava: okugadzira zvinhu

Okudzhava Bulat Shalvovich - a Russian nyanduri, munyori, munyori, munyori. Kuzivikanwa somumwe chakajeka muimbi-songwriters muna USSR muna 50-80-ies wekupedzisira remakore. siyana nziyo anopfuura maviri dziri repertoire nerakaitwa Okudjava Bulat. The Biography munhu uyu akava chiratidzo vanonzi Nguva sixties akajeka, uyewo kumwe kupenya vanyori uye vaimbi vezera rake, runopiwa dzako.

pamberi hondo

Life Bulat Okudzhava akanga zvinoshamisa uye kujairika. Vashomanana vanoziva kuti akapiwa zita Dorian pakuzvarwa, ainzi pashure gamba iri yokufungidzira kubudikidza Oscar Wilde. Okudzhava Bulat, ane Biography iri wakatangwa pepa rino, akaberekwa muMoscow musi May 9, 1924. Vabereki vake vakanga wepachokwadi vaKomonisiti. Shalva Okudzhava, baba vake, aiva yechiGeorgian, akauya Moscow kudzidza panguva Communist Academy. Ashkhen Nalbadnyan, mai, ane Armenian, raikonzerwa Vaganom Teryanom, mudetembi inozivikanwa kubva Armenia.

Muna 1926, pashure chikoro vabereki, mhuri vakadzokera Tbilisi. Baba Bulat akaita webato basa iye aishanda City Party Committee muguta rino, rakanga Commissioner weboka. Asi pashure munhu anopesana Beria Shalva Okudjava ndakakumbira kushanda Russia, uye akatumirwa Urals. Pano yaaishandira bato wokutanga murongi muna Nizhny Tagil pakuvaka mupudzi, achibva akagadzwa munyori weguta dare yomunharaunda bato wokutanga.

Bulat Okudzhava akatanga kudzidziswa kwaakaita Russian muna Tbilisi uye muna Nizhny Tagil, apo akatamira naamai vake pashure baba vake. Shalva basa kwedzimwe zvenhema. Kufanana nevamwe vakawanda bato uyo vaionekwa "wokusavimbika", mugumo wake rakanga rakaita sezvinotevera: kubatana yokutanga mumusasa, uye ipapo - kuti vaizopfurwa. Yaiva nguva yakaoma, iyo rakapona Bulat Okudzhava. Biography, kwakabva mhuri, kwakabva Nyanduri Papera kunooneka basa rake. mai Mukomana wacho akadzokera nomwanakomana wake kuMoscow, uye vakagara pamusoro Arbat. Akasungwa muna 1938 uye akatuma kuKaraganda uko musasa chinokosha chaiva madzimai "vatengesi". Iye akadzoka kubva ipapo 17 chete pashure pemakore, muna 1955.

Okudzhava Bulat Biography iro rakatanga zvinoshamisa muupenyu hwake kuedza kufunga pamusoro iyoyo. Chete muna 1993, muna ake kuderera makore akataura pamusoro zvinosuwisa mhuri yokufungidzira yake "Akabvisa Theater".

Bulat Okudzhava muna 1940, akadzokera Tbilisi, paaigara hama dzake. Ndapedza chikoro akapinda fekitari uye akashanda kwenguva raizondipa unyanzvi hunodiwa Turner.

Pashure kutanga Mukuru Patriotic War, muna 1942, mukomana ane makore 17 okuberekwa vakaenda kuzvipira ari mberi. Akashanda somutariri redhiyo opareta atirari, dhaka murume, aiitawo hondo dzakawanda. Panguva iyoyo akaita chimwe nziyo ake okutanga nekuidzwa "Isu vari romugove marori haasi kukwanisa kurara." Muna 1943, pashure vanga chakakomba akapiwa pana Mozdok, Bulat Shalvovich akatumwa mberi mutsetse, kusvikira necheshure.

Kutanga mabhuku basa

Muchiuto pashure pehondo, Bulat Okudzhava, pfupi Biography iyo yava aibvira, vakapfuura kwokunze bvunzo kuti chesekondari. Zvadaro, muna 1950, vakapedza kudzidza rorusununguko Philology pamusoro Tbilisi State University uye akaenda Kaluga nharaunda, musha Shamordino, achidzidzisa mabhuku uye mutauro wokuRussia kuchikoro. Pashure pemakore matanhatu vari munharaunda kubudiswa Kaluga akabudisa bhuku rake rokutanga nhetembo vanoda "Lyrics". Uye muna 1954 mupepanhau "Young Leninist" aidhindwa nhetembo kuti akanyora Okudzhava Bulat Shalvovich. Biography zvakawedzera chaizvo Moscow.

Dzokerai guru

Mushure yakakurumbira XX Congress of Communist Party muna 1956, apo mhosva nenhengo kunamatwa Stalin, akanga rehabilitated mai Okudzhava. Pamwe chete nemwanakomana wake akatamira Moscow kugadzirisa hurumende. Mugore iroro Bulat Shalvovich akava nhengo Communist Party.

Basa rake mabhuku basa rakatanga muna 1957. Akashanda kwenguva mu "Komsomolskaya Pravda,", "mabhuku Gazette" uye "Young Guard" mupepeti. Zvakaedza Bulat Okudzhava "Ivai utano, nyanzvi" muna 1961 waibatanidzwa mabhuku almanac "Tarusa Pages", waiva Konstantin Paustovsky, yakakurumbira munyori (ndiyo nyaya wekambani V. Motyl akabvisa muna 1965, firimu "ZHenya, ZHenya uye Katyusha" ).

The zvakawedzera popularity

Panguva iyi, anozivikanwa Okudzhava vakatanga kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Rwunotanga kuziva uye somunhu muiti, uye sezvo munyori nziyo dzavo. Mumakore 1956-1966 iye nziyo zhinji dzinodirwa uye yakakurumbira kusvikira nhasi ( "Tverskoy Boulevard", "Blue Ball", "Midnight trolley", "On Lyonka Queen", "The rwiyo pamusoro svosve," "Rwaibva Mumwoyo macha" "kwete gwatya, kwete zvidhakwa," uye vamwe vazhinji).

Bulat Shalvovich aishanda muMoscow, sezvo isu kare ambotaurwa, mupepeti, uye ipapo - musoro dhipatimendi wenhetembo mu "pepanhau mabhuku". Aiva nhengo sangano "Magistral", aiva mumwe ayo nhengo. Muna 1962, Bulat Shalvovich rakagamuchirwa sezvo Writers 'Union.

mabasa ake okutanga, inofanira akati, vakanga akasangana neboka inotonhorera zvikuru pamutemo kutsoropodza. Somuenzaniso, munyaya "Ivai utano, nyanzvi" akaona pacifist manzwiro ari omumwe jaya hondo, zviitiko yairatidza Biography uye Bulat Okudzhava. Pfupiso chigadzirwa ichi zvinosanganisira: inorondedzera iye akawira pamberi jaya-makore 17 pamusoro sei vakomana, achangobva vaiva vadzidzi vakayambuka pacharo uye ainzwisisa hondo sezvo achinja vanhu uye akaputswa neunyengedzi. Kuziva nyaya iyi inogona uye munhoroondo firimu "ZHenya, ZHenya, Katyusha". Bulat Okudzhava, Biography uye zvakasikwa unofadza zvikuru, runoratidzwa basa iri, pfungwa dzake nemanzwiro noruzivo naye. Zvakasimba mhosva mangwanani Kuma1960, yava inini zvinenge zvose nziyo, sezvo Writers 'Union zano kuti havasi kumirira zvido wechokwadi uye kufara muSoviet vechidiki umhare.

Okudzhava pakupera kuma1960 vakatendeukira kuna kudzidza uye kunzwisisa nhoroondo zviitiko. Panguva ino akanyora yokufungidzira "Varombo Avrosimov" vakazvitsaurira Pavlu Pestelyu, uyewo mutambo "A Kufuridzira rusununguko" pamusoro Mikhail Bestuzhev. Munguva imwe chete akava kufarira Biography pamusoro NdiTolstoy, chidimbu mubvunzo kuti nei munyori uyu kunoramba Vakadzingana ne magondo harashari namapurisa. "The Adventures pamusoro Shipov" zvarisingazivi yokufungidzira, kwakaguma kuferefeta izvi. mabasa aya hwakakanyiwa chaizvo tinyatsonzwisisa pamusoro chikamu pamutemo kutsoropodza, asi pakati intelligentsia vakagamuchirwa zvakanaka, vava dzakakurumbira chaizvo.

Nziyo rakanyorerwa mafirimu

Muna 1962, Bulat Shalvovich kutanga muchirongwa pakusikwa movie: akaita rwiyo "Midnight trolley" yake ari firimu rinonzi "Chain Zvaakazoita." Munyika mbiri Okudzhava muna 1970, pashure pokunge awana kuti firimu "The Belarusian Railway Station" izvo akazivisa sezvamunoita "Asi zvino tinoda mumwe kukunda" - mumwe zvakanakisisa mubasa rake. Okudzhava gare gare akandiudza kuti kana mutungamiriri aigona kunyora rwiyo, pakutanga akaramba kuita firimu.

Zvakange zvakafanira kwete chete kusika munhu akafanana, asi zvakaita stylized chinyorwa pasi nhetembo Huru Patriotic War, sezvo, maererano nyaya, kuchiita yakanga zvake musoja agere pemigero nyanduri Frontline uyo composes nezveshamwari dzake dzimwe mitsetse nyore uye kwete basa. basa kwakadaro Bulat Shalvovich airatidzika zvakaoma chaizvo, nokuti kurwa ndiye nguva dzose rakanyorwa nomunhu anogara yorunyararo, asi pamberi imwe pfungwa, akataura uye vaiimba. Zvisinei, kuyeuka kwakaita navarongo inzwi uye mashoko akakodzera. Mushure chakadaro chakaitika Bulat Shalvovich akazova muvambi dzakakurumbira nziyo zhinji vakasikirwa anopfuura makumi masere mafirimu.

libertinism

Okudzhava 1961 akasiya basa rake mubayiro, akasarudza akazvipira chete kuti okugadzira zvinhu. Wakati aifarira kuti vanoshandisa rusununguko urwu. nhetembo dzake dzakabudiswa kumwe, akasaina tsamba achidzivirira Sinyavsky uye Daniel. Sezvineiwo, chirango chakadaro "vakasununguka-mafungiro" uye haana kutevera.

uri rwiyo

Biography of munyori achava kukwana kana tisina kunongedzera yakadaro inokosha bazi basa rake sezvo uri rwiyo. The konzati yokutanga yakaitwa Kharkov muna 1961. nhoroondo yokutanga akazviratidza muPoland uye muParis muna 1968, uye kubvira nemakore kwema1970 zvokurekodhwa nziyo vakatanga kubuda munyika yedu.

mumakore achangodarika

Ini asvika kuguma nyaya yedu pamusoro murume mukuru uyu sezvo Okudzhava Bulat Shalvovich. Short Biography ari zvoushumiri okupedzisira makore ake upenyu zvakabatana chaizvo kuti kugadzirisa. Panguva iyi, akatora muupenyu munyika zvinobatanidzwa. Muna 1990 Okudzhava Bulat, ane Biography chaipiwa munyaya ino, akasiya Communist Party. Wokupedzisira konzati Artist rakaitirwa muParis muna June 1995, uye makore maviri gare gare Okudzhava akafira Clamart, mumwe Paris sabhabha.