Okugadzira zvinhu MY Lermontov. Famous Lermontov kuti nhetembo

30s akava nguva yakaoma munhoroondo yacho XIX remakore. The hwokuuraya Decembrists chikatsiviwa vanachandagwinyira maitiro, izvo zvakaita kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera pakunamata pfungwa. Rakanga panguva iyi akatanga kuridza inzwi guru nyanduri muduku, M. Yu. Lermontova, wainzi chakakodzera mutsivi A. S. Pushkina. Lermontov kuti ndima - vanoedza uongorore zvakare nhoroondo uye chokwadi, mumwe kutsutsumwa pamusoro akasimbisa despotism munyika, ane Kurairwa hasha vomunyika vakatambura chinyararire mutemo uye kudzvinyirirwa simba.

Ngationei kuyeuka yakakurumbira nhetembo ose Lermontov, nokusingaperi iye yakanyorwa zita rake munhau yeRussia dzenhoroondo mabhuku.

"Nechikepe"

Kana ichi Ndokusaka pakutanga kurangarira lyric basa zvakanyorwa muSt Petersburg muna 1832. Yaiva nguva yakaoma kuti jaya gumi namasere - akanga achangobva Moscow University uye akanga kugadzirira upenyu hutsva, zvisinei, iro, akanga akamirira duku inofadza. Kuvhiringidzika uye kunzwa chokwadi vaityisa mweya nyanduri wacho mitsetse: "A White nechikepe Gleams ..." ... Zvakaoma kuwana munhu asingadi kuva kujairana izvi yakakurumbira ndima Lermontov vake. Kazhinji, vari kuona sezvo zvichiratidza nemunyori ari upenyu hwake ramangwana. In neimwe vatatu Ndima mbiri ndima yokutanga ine nzvimbo gadzira, tsananguro humwewo mupfungwa mamiriro lyrical. Uye gungwa ratova chokuita noupenyu hwevanhu, uye nechikepe ayo pechiso - mweya inopandukira. Aitungamirira chinangwa nhetembo inova lyrical kusurukirwa, ruponeso iro ari kuedza kuwana ari kutamburira, kufanana seiri, kurwa pamwe okunze. Asi kuedza ichi chaiva kubudirira - chikonzero ichi nhema mukati murume pachake.

Zvichatora makore, uye mweya nyanduri uye havana kuwana wakadzikama, nguva dzose ari kupanduka uye vakasurukirwa sezvo jaya.

"Kufirwa nyanduri"

Fame uye linked - zvanzi vakauya muna 1937 nevaduku nomudetembi vake nhetembo yakakurumbira. Mikhail Lermontov mazuva mashoma vakadzidza zvose yepamusoro chikamu Russia somurume akamboda pakushora aivapo simba. Uye mudare madenderedzwa, akabva akatendeukira munyori "kusanyara kuparadzana" uye kusvikira kumagumo oupenyu hwake pasi pedyo kuongororwa uye kuongororerwa Kesari (haana kubvumira kuti mubayiro wacho "mupanduki" nerukudzo mubairo-kuhwina hondo).

Pakutanga nhetembo zvakanyorwa rakatevera pashure Pushkin kuti duel. Uye rimwe zuva - pakarepo mushure nyanduri afa - nayo vakatengesa munyika dzakapoteredza Petersburg rinoronga. Pashure pokutongwa mberi Dantes akazviratidza kuti anotanga akakurumbira nhetembo - Lermontov kuti "Kufirwa nyanduri" akatumirwa Caucasus - "Zvino iwe, kuzvikudza zvizvarwa ...".

Historical uye munzanga kukosha basa iri kunotemwa zvikurukuru nokuti mairi munyori akaedza kuita pfungwa zvinosuwisa kutapwa Pushkin sezvo nyanduri zvachose. Ari mhosva rufu shasha magariro, zvakananga kudana Dantes "mhondi" uye "mutsva" vakakwirira - "vanozvikudza" uye "zvakaipa". Paruvanze hakusi kugona kutsungirira yakakurumbira nhetembo pamusoro Lermontov: "Uye imi havashambi kubvisa ropa nyanduri rako rose ropa zvakarurama!". Mikhail Yurevich kutanga kusungwa uye ipapo vakatumwa Caucasus muchiuto.

"Tuchkov"

nhetembo iyi, kureva kunopera nguva iri nyanduri, ane prehistory kwayo. Muna 1840, asati rakatevera kuenda nokuda Caucasus, Lermontov akamira pahwindo iri St. Petersburg imba Karamzins uye vakatarisa kuzvimba panyika pamusoro denga namakore. Kuonekwa mufananidzo akamanikidza mudetembi kufunga kwavo mugumo. Nokukurumidza aifanira kusiya St. Petersburg, vanhu vaunoda kwaari. Ndokusaka nzira huru iri chigadzirwa, kusanganisira yakakurumbira munhetembo Lermontov: "Tuchkov rokudenga, vadzungairi nokusingaperi ..." - yakaenzaniswa. Own mugumo mudetembi akaona chete mukuchema uye kusurukirwa sezvo miviri iyi yokudenga. Nokudaro pfungwa nhapwa uye kunzwa zvachose akaputsa ukama Motherland yavo. Ezvinhu akadaro, munzira, aiita vakawanda vomunguva yake Lermontov, uyo akakurira 30s akaoma uye 40s.

Asi lyrical gamba hadzikwanisi kuziva pamwe chando uye hanya tuchkami. Asi izvozvo tinoberekwa nemanzwiro kumusha, riri zvisingaiti nyura. Muchiratidzo ichi, mumwe kwouzivi subtext: hunhu rakasununguka asi njodzi nomudetembi yanyadziswa kunobva zvachose mutongo nezviremera.

"K ***" ( "Handizi muduku kwamuri ...")

Ikoko Lermontov uye mutsetse pamwoyo nezvorudo. Vanoverengeka vavo vanozviitira N. F. Ivanovoy, apo Mikhail akatanga kufarira vachiri zera. Zvisinei, haana kunzwisisa manzwiro vechokwadi jaya, uye nokusingaperi vasanyanya kutenda kwake muna vakadzi. Mugumisiro rusina kukwana mberi rudo uye akava detembo "To ***" akanyorwa 1832. munyori wayo anosiyanisa wakachena vepachokwadi kunzwa kunyengera uye nekunyepedzera, uye tariro nomufaro - yakadzika mwoyo. Ndivo ndima rudo Lermontov. Famous mitsetse: "Ndiani anoziva, zvichida idzodzo kuti paakapera patsoka dzenyu, ndakanga ndapera rakafuridzirwa!" Kunyanya vakatsunga kuti pezvaaitsigira Nyanduri, kuzvipira kunyora.

"Kufungisisa Lermontov - nhetembo yake"

Akati mabasa Mikhail Yurevich sydäntä. Muupenyu hwayo pfupi mudetembi akanyora lyric nhetembo anopfuura mazana mana. Izvi "Borodino" uye "kufunga" uye "Ini kubuda ndoga munzira," uye "Munyengetero" ... Zvakaoma kusarudza chete chinhu chimwe, sezvo nomumwe wavo zvakakwana kutsivira mazita yakanakisisa enhetembo mabasa mabhuku Russian.