Pic-controller. Zvirongwa Pic-controllers. Mufungo Pic-controllers

Pakuita zano, unofanira kuva munhu kana chinhu kuti kuongorora Implementation ose anodiwa zviito. Nekuti murume chaizvo matambudziko, sezvo zvakafanira kushandisa vazhinji dzakasiyana zvinhu hunoita kudzora basa ravo (transistors, resistors, thyristors, diodes, capacitors, etc.). Asi kunzwisisa uye yakakura zvose redunhu zvinogona kudzorwa ne controllers (MCU). Kuti ivo Somuenzaniso, achaiswa kurondedzerwa RІS mhuri. Saka, chii chiri Pic-controllers kuti dummies? Chii zano ravo uye apo vari kushandiswa.

Chii microcontroller PIC-

Pic-controller (kana microcontroller) chiri kushandisa michina zvinoreva kuita zvimwe zviito kushandisa kare kugadzirira chirongwa. A chepfungwa vamiririri mutsetse uyu zvigadzirwa ndiyo nyore mapurogiramu uye Kuwanikwa ose anodiwa mabasa kushanda. Yaitaura mamiriro ayo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti racho sezvamunoita ane nesilicon sekristaro rimwe chete (a maitiro kuchiitwa microcontrollers zvose). Kunze kwayo, Pic-controller ane zvimwe nhamba makumbo. Vamwe vavo vanogona kushandiswa se musoro zvinoshandisa pakurima sezvo outputs chikamu, vamwe vane bilateral kushanda. Makumbo anogona kunge digitaalinen kana analoginen.

Nokuti vazhinji basa RІS controller inoda yakatsiga voltage - 5V. Izvi zvakakwana zvokuti unogona kushanda nenzira zvarakanga rudzi uye kuita chirongwa wakaisa pamberi pake. Zvirongwa Pic-controller zvakananga kubva kombiyuta hazvibviri. Nokuti ichi chinangwa programmer.

controller mhuri

Pic-controller hakuwaniki mune rimwe bhuku. The mugadziri kunobereka nouchapupu-siyana microcontrollers, imwe neimwe ine pachake zvachiri, nezvaanogona uye zvinogona kunangwa chikumbiro. Number mhuri pachavo nani guru uye zvinoenderana classifying chikabviswa riri kutorwa default. Naizvozvo zvakafanira kuti vazivise nezvekumutswa inokosha kupatsanura umo mune mhuri nhatu chete 8-, 16- uye 32-wedzeredzei. Izvi zvinozoita vari rakakamurwa vamwe, asi nekuda mhuri hazvisi pachavo nyaya yacho, chinhu pamusoro pavo uye haangazvidembi ngaritsive kukurukurirana.

apo zvinoshanda

Nokuda kwayo pakawanda Pic-controller ingashandiswa anenge kwese. Sami microcontrollers anogona kuwanikwa sefiriji, materevhizheni, washing machine. Asi RІS siyana zvigadzirwa ane chinhu kuti matunhu pamusoro Pic-controllers dzakakurumbira pakati redhiyo amateurs uye robotics kuzvidzora akadzidzisa. Uchibatsirwa wavo, unogona gadzirisa nyore nzvimbo kubasa, kana zvose namano. Zvinoita kuti vanhu vakawanda zvine mutengo, kudekara mapurogiramu uye chinokosha yakawanda zvinhu edzidzo.

Shandisa Pic-controller kana ukaronga motokari paredhiyo kuzvidzora, robotic maoko uye dzimwe artefacts anogona kuitwa, mari shoma. Inogona kushandiswa chinhu zvibereko - zvikuru dzakakurumbira ndiro dingindira rakasikwa munhu achizviita otomatiki michina, inotongwa microcontroller. The chakarondedzera kushandiswa wakakura, uye yakarurama kusvika kunogona kuitwa chero chinangwa, saka dunhu iri Pic-controllers kuonekwa kwete chete pane mudzidzi zvaakasika.

Software kushandiswa ne Pic-controller

The Software zvakakodzera shoma - rinoti. Asi nokuda vakasununguka kuparadzirwa, unogona kushandisa uye sezvinoreva mugadziri Software chokushandisa MPLAB. More chaizvo, mutsetse Software (kukura ezvinhu, compilers) MPLAB. Nokuda gwara kambani, iye akasununguka, asi ane zvimwe zvausingakwanisi. Saka, muna pfupi Demo shanduro unogona kuedza zvose zvaangaita, asi yangopedzwa functionality purogiramu uchatemwa. Chirongwa yakazara ane chishandiso chinokosha chinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti kusika zvirongwa, zvakakunakira kutsvaka siyana dambudziko nzvimbo uye mufambiro romutemo Optimization. Zvichienderana shanduro mashandiro zvinogona wakagumiswa Bumbiro Optimization, kana kwakaderedza nhamba controllers kuti vanotsigirwa ne chirongwa. Nokuda chokwadi zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti kambani anoramba chete kutsigira zvikuru nevanhu vamiririri.

Kune vakawanda-software inopiwa nevamwe nemakambani. Kazhinji, functionality wavo zvakafanana, asi pane misiyano. Saka, vakawanda vakaratidza kusagutsikana kuti MPLAB ndiye kuvimbika kune anoishandisa zvakatinakira zvakagadzirwa. Naizvozvo, vagadziri vari vachitamba tiine cutoff nerevane usability kuti usashandisa yavo. Program nokuti Pic-controllers vari siyana chaizvo, saka pano zvikurukuru inhau kuravira.

Kutanga purogiramu Pic-controller

Kuti pave nepurogiramu chaiyo, unogona kushandisa Software zvakakodzera, uye kunyange nyore mukabhuku. Izvi zvinogoneka nemhaka yokuti anoshanda mapurogiramu mitauro akadai Assembler uye C. The musiyano mukuru iri nhamba ramakanzi mashoko uye kudekara mashoko mabasa. Unogona kunzwa zvakawanda pamusoro kunzwisisa C, asi ungano kuoma uye kunoda kungwarira nzira.

Somuenzaniso, apo kusika purogiramu, unofanira tsanangurai iyo controller Mwari akaronga. Zvingava zvakakodzera kuti tiite imwe nhamba zvokusarudza, asi vanofanira kuitwa pamberi basa ruzivo kana chivimbo, nokuti kukanganisa kunogona kutungamirira chokuti kwakajairika microcontrollers dzikava zvidimbu epurasitiki nedare.

Zvirongwa pamwe zvirongwa

Asi sei kuti uchatamisa dzakabudirira chirongwa ari microcontroller pachayo? ari microcontroller zvirongwa sei? Nokuti chinangwa ichi pane chinokosha mano - programmers. Vakatuma anonongedzera kuti microcontroller kushanda masero ndangariro pasi chirongwa. Kutanga muitiro tama humboo uchida dzinoisa chip fari iri zvirongwa, uye, uyewo, zvakabatana kombiyuta. Zvadaro, achishandisa Software unofanira kumhanya firmware. Yemanyorero zvirongwa Pic-controllers rinoenderera masekonzi matatu kusvika maminitsi maviri.

Forms programmers

Izvo programmer kuti asarudze kuti anyore chirongwa pamusoro microcontroller? Inogona nehasha rakakamurwa mhando nhatu: achizviita, nokuda mugadziri uye fekitari vamwe makambani. Kushandiswa neimwe ine maitiro ayo.

Nokudaro, achizviita programmers chaizvo chisingakoshi. Asi avo kushandiswa hwakazara yokuti vanogona adzorere mudziyo nyore kupinda nhindi epurasitiki nedare. Uye microcontroller zvirongwa anogona Muzviitiko zvakadaro kushandisa nemigumisiro muchimiro wemagetsi nehana, saka unofanira kunamatira kwakachengeteka. Uyezve, kana iwe unozviita kubva muvare, kazhinji chigadzirwa ine hwakanyatsorwisa shoma zvaangaita chokuita basa chinja nzvimbo. Asi pose network, unogona kuwana vakawanda kugadzirisa dambudziko iri wakatangwa nevamwe vanhu, uye kuti zvimwe haazoiti matambudziko.

Chepakutanga programmer kubva mugadziri achakwanisa qualitatively basa ravo kune microcontroller. Pairi pane vimbiso, uye kana mushure mekugamuchira zvikasashanda, kutsiva hapana dambudziko. Asi namano, apo firmware Pic-controllers voitakura kunze matambudziko.

Asi kunobva ayo pakuunganidza munhu zvakanaka yakakwirira mutengo.

Programmers wakabudiswa mamwe makambani, vane kumbonyanya siyana zvinhu anoshanda. chinhu wavo ndiye yakaderera mutengo uye / kana kuti mukana wokushanda pamwe nemamwe microcontrollers kuwedzera Pic. Panewo zvakasikwa zvechokwadi "zvikara" anogona marudzi akasiyana basa, asi nekuda kudiwa vakawanda yeimwe zvavo pasi mutengo zvikasaitika.

schematic zvinhu

Uye pakupedzisira, mashoko mashoma pamusoro mufananidzo avaiita. Zvinofanira omerera makumbo maererano nokutsigira mapepa, sezvo schematically microcontrollers kazhinji waisiyana chaiko vafunga. Chinhu chikuru nyaya dzakadaro yakasainwa kumhedziso, uye zviri kwavari uye inofanira nangananga kuti mudziyo.