Political zvepfungwa: chinhu, sezvazviri, nzira uye unyanzvi

Political zvepfungwa chinhu interdisciplinary sayenzi, iyo riri mharadzano nezvemagariro evanhu, zvepfungwa uye sayenzi enyika. Iye wakagamuchira zvakawanda kukura uye kufambiswa tsvakurudzo muUnited States neCanada, uye kuti muduku kumwero - mu Europe. MuRussia, mabasa ekutanga akazviratidza chete mukutanga nineties remakore rapfuura (E. Shestopal, Alexander Yuriev, E. Gantman-Egorova, et unto.).

Political zvepfungwa ane nyaya dzakawanda dzokudzidza:

• Psychological zvinoriumba mune zvematongerwo enyika maitiro wemunhu. Ndivo ainyanya zvidzidzo zvikuru.
• Kushandisa mupfungwa ruzivo kutsanangura enyika mananara.

Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose. Political zvepfungwa - iri bazi muduku sayenzi, saka kugara achiudza pamwe tsvakurudzo itsva uye yokungotaura zviitiko. musayendisiti nechimwe chinowedzera kududzirwa chiratidzo yacho.

Political zvepfungwa wakaipa zvakawanda nezvinetso.

Chekutanga, vatorwa mutemo. Tiri kutaura hondo uye runyararo zvepfungwa, ugandanga, enyika sarudzo uye Inter-kurwisana kwemarudzi, yakawiriranwa maonero ari shamwari iri nhaurirano kwacho.

Chechipiri, sainzi ichi anobata mumhuri upenyu. Tiri kutaura pamusoro kukurudzira enyika kubatanidzwa kuti vagari vari masangano uye kufamba, kusarurwa vashoma, iyo zvepfungwa pamusoro inotungamirwa enyika nokuzivikanwa, uye zvichingodaro.

Ichi sainzi muduku ndicho chatinonyanya, matambudziko chaiwo. Ivo:

• macropolicy kurongedza siyana yomuropa (yenyika dzakapoteredza uye pasi pose);
• Zvinopfuura (democratization, shanduko zvematongerwo enyika, kuchinja nokuzivikanwa, simba rinomutsa Gundamusaira);
• pezvakaitwa kuitika mukanyiwa boka uye enyika kuziva uye maitiro (sarudzo, kuumba bato Kurongwa, political vafanane, utungamiri, kurwisana, pamwe, vakawanda enyika mafungiro, etc.);
• political maitiro uye socialization ose mugari;
• omumwe vavhoti uye akasarudzwa vatungamiriri, avo mutauro, pfungwa, dzematongerwe rwokugadzira sarudzo.

Nzira enyika zvepfungwa nezvatinovavarira chii kuti empirical uchapupu yakasiyana siyana. Asi chikuru ndeye kudzidza munhu kuziva uye maitiro. kushandiswa kwakapararira kugutsikana pachisara (mharidzo, mapepa, mavhidhiyo), kubvunzurudzwa uye mapoka kukoshesa. Mukuwedzera, zvepfungwa enyika ayo zvombo ane projective unyanzvi, nemiedzo, nyanzvi mazano, uye zvichingodaro. Mukuita ekurairidzwa basa nemakasitoma akashandisa psychotherapeutic uye okugadzirisa nzira.

Oga, tinofanira kuisa pfungwa dzedu pane kutungamirira yokungotaura paradigms:

The chikuru chinhu behaviorism enyika. Its basa chikuru - kudzidza dzakasiyana-siyana chaizvo siyana uye mune zvematongerwo maitiro. Account haina vatora wacho pfungwa uye manzwiro pamusoro pesarudzo, uyewo mamiriro ezvinhu munyika uye nyika. Vatsigiri ake (R. Nye, D. Easton D. Dennis and said.) Vaiva zvinokosha mipiro kuti kudzidza mitoo mune zvematongerwo enyika, Inter-ehurumende uye Inter-kurwisana kwemarudzi, socialization uye zvichingodaro.

Uyezve, political zvepfungwa kunobva kukura munhu humanistic wezwi kana cognitivist (D. Adelson, L. Kohlberg, Ronald Inglehart, Renshon S. and said.). Ivo aisimbirira chii vagari kufunga zvematongerwo enyika sezvo paakaziva vatungamiriri veboka uye sezvo matambudziko nhau pamusoro maonero evanhu.

Political zvepfungwa - ari muduku uye nokukurumidza kusimukira nesayenzi.