Red Army mukuru Alexander Pechersky: Biography. Aleksandra Pecherskogo Feat: kumukira pa Sobibor

Aitenge kurarama mumusasa wevasungwa weNazi. Asi vanhu ava kurerwa Soviet Union, havasi chete kurarama - vaironga kwazvakarerekera, rakarongeka vakawanda manzvengero, kuda kwavo kudzivisa zvakanga zvisingaiti kumedura. Mumwe gamba akadaro aiva Alexander Pechersky - mudiki refutenendi, akasimuka pamwe chete chehondo mu nharaunda pakutanga hondo, uye ipapo vari nhapwa. Kana muvengi vakaona kuti akanga asiri oga mutenwa, asiwo muJudha, wematambudziko wake chisimbiso.

Sobibor

Nhoroondo kwokumukira vasungwa mumusasa rufu, riri kumaodzanyemba-Kumabvazuva kwePoland, ari chaizvo kuzivikanwa kuMadokero. The Soviet Union pashure pehondo yakasarudza kuregerera Poland venality uye vanonyengera hunhu chikamu chikuru vagari vemo, asi nekuti taisireva zvinhu chete muvakidzani pedyo nokungwarira kuvigwa. Alexander Pechersky akanga asingazivi munyika, uye yemuna pana Sobibor vasungwa vakasiya pasina kunyatsoongorora, pamwe zvachose usina. Uye muna Western Europe uye Israeri misasa uye kumukira filmed, akanyorwa mabhuku akawanda. Mutungamiri vapanduki - Alexander Pechersky - vakazivisa kose uye vakawanda vaiona kuva gamba guru.

Chii chakaita kuti yorufu yeNazi mumusasa? Nei zvakasikwa? Chakazarurwa mangwanani 1942 pamwe chete chinangwa - kwakakwana Nokureva kuparadzwa, ndiko kuti, kuurayiwa vechiJudha. Kuti aite izvi, paiva rakakura chirongwa apo vose danho nedanho rose muitiro. Uye makore nehafu nezvokuvapo kwemisasa ikoko, richiuraya vaJudha vanopfuura zviuru mazana maviri namakumi mashanu - Vagari Poland uye nyika yakavakidzana European.

kuparadza michina

Sezvo vose yevasungwa muna Sobibor vasungwa paiva nyore chaizvo. Narrow-Gauge njanji raipinda muchisango, akanunura kubhombiwa nezuva nezvitima yose. Izvi, vanhu vakawanda vanosarudza noutano, uye vamwe vakatumwa "bhati", kureva kuti, kuti gasi yomukati. Favorites "murume guru" mumaminitsi gumi angadai akavigwa yokufamba mune chaiyo mumakomba, dzakanga vakabika vakakomba musasa. Avo "kugeza zuva" akanga asiri kure, nokuti zvoupfumi nyaya mumusasa akange orema, uye kufudza vasungwa hapana kuenda. "Burly" nokukurumidza akarasika ezvinhu.

Izvi yagadzirwa nevaNazi, uye ivo vaiona nazvo chaizvo mari-kunobudirira. Taiva neimwe mumusasa, uye neavo vakanga vasiri vasungwa. Kuwedzera SS, anochengetedza Sobibor uye pevatsigiri, ndiro, zvose zvamarudzi ose vatengesi. Ruzhinji - Ukrainian Bandera. Vakawanda vavo munokosha imwevo nyaya kuti vanhu nguva dzose yeuka kuti nhamo iri. Somuenzaniso, vanonakidza kutapwa Anti-gamba, kusiyana nemunhu akaita Alexander Pechersky.

Ivan Demjanjuk

Ndiani angadai akafunga kuti ari chiuru chemakore chechitatu achiri acharamba miedzo, izvo zvine chokuita Guru Patriotic War? zvapupu shoma iyoyo dzakararama kusvikira nhasi.

Yavasina aimbova murume Soviet, musungwa hondo, uye gare gare - kunyanya veropa sadist uye torturer, mutariri Sobibor, kunyange paya - US mugari Ivan (Johane) Demjanjuk anyanya gore nehafu uye dzakaguma mukutonga iri kupondwa makumi ezviuru Sobibor kuzviuraya. Demjanjuk makore makumi mapfumbamwe navashanu vari mujeri pamusana pemhosva idzi.

chii

Akazvarwa subman iyi muna 1920 Ukraine. Sezvo pakutanga Great Patriotic Demjanjuk akanzi kupinda Red Army, uye muna 1942 mapfumo. In wevasungwa akabatana vaNazi. Iva vakarangarira musasa Treblinka, Majdanek, Flyusseborg. Employment Dispute - rekodhi kukasawedzerwa. Asi pamwe Sobibor zvishoma wakakomborerwa, sezvo zvakaitika kumukira uye kupukunyuka vasungwa, varindi hapana rukudzo kunounza.

Unogona kufungidzira, chii dhigirii utsinye uye sadism Demjanjuk ( "Ivan Grozny" nokuti SS) akaita basa pfupi nevaya akakwanisa kubata. Uyezve, pane uchapupu, asi mashoko zvokuti chinonyangadza zvichiberekana navo pano. vakabudirira kutiza chete vasingagoni kuva kunze kwemisasa rufu. In Sobibor uye havana, kusvikira kwakauya Alexander Pechersky, uto zvavo gamba. Underground sangano akanga atova mumusasa, asi hwakanga vanhu evasingatombonamati vanhuwo zvavo, kunze kazhinji tifire gasi mukamuri. Kutizira akanga aronga, asi urongwa hazvina kushanda kunyange kusvika kwokupedzisira.

Refutenendi kubva Rostov-on-Don

Aleksandr Aronovich Pechersky, ane Biography iri rinenge kumagumo hwake ndisingazikamwi mukuru vakawanda nyika yake yaakaberekerwa, zvakare, akaberekwa muna Ukraine, Kremenchug, muna 1909. Muna 1915, mhuri gweta racho, baba vake, vakatamira Rostov-on-Don, uyo upenyu hwake hwose Alexander ainzwa rokumusha kwake. Pashure chikoro, akawana fekitari zvemagetsi uye akaenda yunivhesiti. Very kwazvo mudzidzi zvesimba, uye vateereri akaida zvakare.

Pazuva hondo yechipiri refutenendi yokutanga Alexander Pechersky akanga ari munzira kuenda mberi. A mumhanyi akanga akadai nokuti akanga kudzidza payunivhesiti. Alexander akarwa vaNazi pedyo Smolensk ari atirari hondo rechi19 Army. Vyazma vakakomba, Pechersky nevamwe vake, vakatakura pamapfudzi avo vakakuvadzwa wavarwi, vachirwa akaidza kupasanura pamberi mutsetse, izvo kare zvikuru. Isu akamhanya achibva ammo. Varwi vazhinji vakakuvadzwa kana kurwarisisa - kwete nyore ari inotonhora inosvika kubudikidza anezvimiti. The boka rakanga rakapoteredzwa uye zvombo nevaNazi. Saka akatanga musungwa.

In pakutapwa

Red Army akadzinga kumadokero - misasa, uye, chokwadi, avo vaigona kushumira yamabwe chete. Red Army mukuru Alexander Pechersky vaiye aisada kufa, zvakare, uye tariro yokubuda haisi kumbosiya. A muJudha, akanga asina kunze zvakafanana, saka vaNazi apo doznatsya (vashora) pamusoro nyika yake, pakarepo kumutuma kuna Sobibor rufu. Pamwe Alexander mumusasa vakasvika varume vanenge mazana matanhatu.

Of navo kwenguva asara kurarama chete masere, vamwe paawa vapenyu akanyangarika. Alexander yakawira muchikwata husky, uye pava paya kuti iye kuveza anoziva, saka regai kuwa nokuneta, Achashanda yose Germany uye yevasungwa. Saka takasarudza kuti vaNazi, asi refutenendi Caves kubva Sobibor. Neunyengedzi vakanga vatorwa kuna refutenendi, akanga achinyatsoziva kuti kana musingadi ikozvino kumuuraya, pashure ndichaiita fanira. Uye kunonoka ichi zvakafanira kuti ape vaNazi hondo yokupedzisira, kuti Feat ake okupedzisira. Aleksandra Pecherskogo kudaro nyore kuurayiwa.

urongwa

Underground boka akatsanangura kuti nhungirwa kuroora anogona kuva kana pano kana mumwe musasa zvakawanda Barbed waya haazoregi. Akaramba kwazvakarerekera, iro kutiza kumusasa angava akarurama pamusoro pechimwe chinhu, nekuti vamwe achaurayiwa zvakadaro, asi chete pashure kurwadziswa uye kushungurudzwa. Mumwe ane chete kutarisa zviso Bandera, vanoenda kuburikidza mumusasa uye kuuraya munhu zvavanoda uye pose vachida. Uye kuchiri hapana anoruramisa uye asingauyi buzit. Kuramba mumusasa pashure kupukunyuka vachaparadzwa vakatambudzwa dzinotyisa.

Chokwadi, zvakawanda achafa munguva akapukunyuka. Asi mumwe nomumwe wevaya vakatiza achava mukana. Underground komiti akatendera chirongwa kuti yave dzichitaurwa. Saka aiva nechinzvimbo idzva, kupfuura yakaoma muupenyu hwake, Alexander Pechersky - mutungamiri kupandukira. Inenge vasungwa vose vakanga nezvokufambira zano yekupukunyuka, vanotenderwa nzira iyi. Die vachingove, saka zvakanaka kudaro simba mbeveve revanhu gwai kufamba kuti gasi yomukati. Kufa chiremera zvakakodzera, kana paine mukana wakadaro.

Evasingatombonamati Jewish minimini

Chokwadi kuti musasa iripo kwete kuveza chete, asiwo kusona. Ndiani nani kukwanisa kuvaka nemusoni wechiJudha here zvakanaka SS murume akagara pachigaro chake yunifomu? Mazano ose Ndege kuzviuraya nezvitima uyewo akatorako sezvo vavezi navavaki, kunyange vakanga vasiri "murume guru." Zvinodiwa zvikuru tailors German vaidiwa zvikuru. Muno kusona workshop uye zvose akatanga. Bandera Varindi, nenzira, zvakare, hazvina pakuvenga mabasa.

Uye October 14, 1943 zvombo, Vaidzungaira musasa, mumwe nomumwe akatanga kunyengera chakakodzera, apo ivo ohazhival Vanozviputsanya kana yaidzipira netambo, uye ipapo zvombo uye zvinobva zvarongwa panzvimbo yakavanda. Nokuti ichi basa kunge kusarudzirwa vasungwa chiitiko zvombo. The dzinonakidza zvikuru ndechokuti Alexander Pechersky, gamba nyaya ino, aiva Sobibor, mavhiki asingasviki matatu, asi kare akakwanisa kusika munhu kukupfura, zviri anokwanisa zvakarurama uye kuramba kuita. Kwakadaro vaiva nechido uye kutsunga kutevera kuburikidza ake.

kupunyuka

Chinyararire uye asingaoneki navaeni meso vakaguma kuvapo vokuGermany gumi vakasununguka murindi varindi anenge zvose. Chete ipapo akamutsa aramu, uye Sobibor Ndege dzakamanikidzwa kuita budiriro. Iri raiva danho rechipiri kwehurongwa, nokubuda chimuka Aleksandrom Pecherskim. Armed mikombe vasungwa vakatanga kupfura nevarindi yasara. Akashanda pamusoro peshongwe pfuti, uye mumutore pakanga pasina nzira. Vanhu vakamhanya. Vakakanda pachavo pamusoro Barbed waya, mitumbi yavo tichigadzira nzira mamwe masoja ake. Vakaurayiwa muchina-pfuti watsemuka, kuputika zvimbambaira kuti vakakomba musasa, asi haana kurega.

Masuo akavhuniwa, uye pano zviri - rusununguko! Kunyange zvakadaro, mumwe zana namakumi matatu vanhu kubva anenge mazana matanhatu vakasara pamisasa, dzakaonda uye vachirwara, vaya, kana asina nhasi, ipapo mangwana - muimba gasi yomukati. Paiva nevaya vaitarisira kuzvininipisa kwake uye mutsa pamusoro chikamu nevaNazi. Hapana! Musasa havasisipo. Zuva rakatevera, vose vakapfurwa, uye nokukurumidza Sobibor rakaparadzwa. Nyika pachayo richaparadzwa nokuda zvikatapira uye akarima wake makabheji. Kunyange pasina ndangariro akasiya kuti pakanga mberi. Sei? Nekuti kwaiva nyadzi kuti Nazi Germany - vasungwa akaondoroka wakapukunyuka, asi achiri zvakanaka.

zvabuda

Freedom akawana zvishoma pane Ndege mazana matatu uye zvishoma kupfuura makumi masere akawana rufu mbiri panguva yokumbozorora. Next, ndaifanira kusarudza kuenda kupi, sezvo kumativi ose mana vakanga yakazarukira vatizi. Kwevhiki mbiri vakaenda kuvhima. Zana nemakumi manomwe vanhu vakavanda kukundika. Bandera akavawana uye akaurayiwa. Inenge ose hunoshamisa emo, zvakare, akanga Anti-oukuru.

Anenge makumi vatizi vakatambudzwa kunyange Bandera Ukrainian uye Polish. Ichokwadi, hapana Akabata kukurumidza rufu haisi akafa. Mumazana mhosva pamwe yakapiwa zvichaitirwa yakasarurwa. Kuuraya kunyanya vaya vakasarudza kuvanda muPoland. Vamwe vakaenda Aleksandrom Pecherskim mhiri Bug muna Belarus, uko vakawana partisans uye akapona.

nzvimbo yechizvarirwo

Pecherskiy Aleksandr Aronovich kusvikira kusunungurwa nyika yedu kubva Nazi nechisimba vakarwa somunhu partisan Shchors akabudirira bhomba, uye ipapo akazodzokera Red Army, uye akasangana muna May 1945 pamwe chinzvimbo mukuru. Akakuvadzwa, aiitirwa muchipatara pedyo Moscow, apo akasangana mudzimai wake weramangwana, Olga. Awards aiva muduku, pasinei nzira, izere nematambudziko uye nevanoshingaira. Makore maviri vakatapwa - iri, sezvo mutemo, kunyange ruzha achinyumwira. Zvisinei, kuti menduru "Nokuti Service mu Battle" akanga. Uye kuti pane hurongwa Patriotic War, yaakanga hwakatangwa.

Zvikonzero Chokwadi, zvinonzwisisika. The akavamukirawo nenguva Sobibor haana akawedzeredzwa pachaunga, nekuti raiva monkey-dzinza, asi pfungwa iyi muSoviet Union haana kugamuchirwa - International taxied zvose, kwete vaJudha. MuIsraeri Caves akava gamba renyika, uye ukama pakati nguva nyika yedu uye nyika yechipikirwa zvinovava kwazvo. Uye hapana mumwe pano haana kuda kumukira kuongorora mamiriro pamwero, sezvo zvakaitwa ikoko. Uye, chokwadi, Poland. Vanozvikudza vanokudzwa chokwadi angadai vakagumburwa, tinoudza yose kuti matanda kuurayiwa avo vasungwa vakanga vachangobva vakakwanisa kudzivisa nayo, ari gasi mukamuri panguva yacho minefields ... Soviet Union haasi kutya kugumbura mugovanisi kwePoland, ndisingadi. Asi pakupedzisira zvose zvakavanzika zvechokwadi kunova pachena.

postscript

A gamba renyika Alexander Pechersky Israeri akararama kusvika January 1990 nomutauro wake Rostov-on-Don. Uye akanga akafara. Muna 2007, pamadziro eimba kwaaigara, paiva neibwe racho. Muna 2015 rimwe mumigwagwa Rostov-on-Don inonzi mushure gamba. Uye muna 2016 akanga paakanga afa paakavapa ari Order Noushingi.