Rokubereka nhego. Ndeipi rokubereka reDare chirimwa?

chirimwa chimwe nechimwe chine yazvo chaiyo muviri mamiriro, iyo kutevedzera zvizere mashandiro yavanobata. Saka, jira rinopa photosynthesis uye mudzi - ivhu kudya kunovaka. Rokubereka muviri ndiko ruva, chibereko iyo yakaumbwa nembeu. Munyaya ino tichakurukura hunhu physiology dzavo uye basa muupenyu zvinomera.

Chii muviri

Authority anogona chete kunzi STRUCTURAL chairema mupudzi, iyo chakaumbwa marudzi vanoverengeka munyama. Somuenzaniso, mudzi rine conductive, mechanically, dzidzo uye unhani zvakasiyana. Asi rhizoids algae pevhu nhengo kufanana chete chitarisiko. Kutaura zvazviri, havana panofanira kuva muzvizhinji nomunhu masero chokuita chete anatomically. Naizvozvo, muviri mamiriro kwakadaro haagoni kunzi.

Funga maumbirwo dzakakwirira angiosperms. Dzavo pevhu zvomukati, sezvo yave akati, ndiwo mudzi. On a pemvura yaiva kupukunyutsa. It rinoumbwa axial zvikamu - the hunde, uye kurutivi - of jira. Mukuita kukura vari kupukunyuka ruva aumbwa, iro kukura mudumbu.

Mhando chirimwa nhengo

nhengo zvinomera dzinoiswa maererano siyana zvinodiwa. By basa kusiyanisa vegetative uye rokubereka. Boka rokutanga inosanganisira mudzi uye nhungirwa. Kutanga Vanotakura vegetative kupararira, inova ivepo kubviswa zvikamu kubva yose zvipuka zvine masero akawanda. Rinogona kuitwa mudzi suckers, tubers, cheka, mashizha, Mabumba. Vegetative nhengo uye kuita mamwe mabasa ari chirimwa. It Photosynthesis, ivhu muviri, kukura, wakabata mvura uye zvicherwa.

Rokubereka reDare chirimwa inodikanwa kurara kubereka. Izvi mhando kubereka yavo mhando kunokosha zvinobatsira. Chete iri kosi zvepabonde kubereka kunoitika recombination yokugara zvinhu, semubairo iyo itsva, kunyanya kubatsira zvinhu. Somugumisiro, chirimwa muviri anokwanisa kuchinjira kumamiriro ezvinhu matsva kuvapo.

Ndeipi rokubereka reDare chirimwa

Mukuita zvepabonde kubereka unobatanidzwa gametes. Izvi specialized masero iri nhengo kuti vanonzi rokubereka. The chirimwa chinhu ruva. kuumbwa michero ine mhodzi ripen mukufamba kwaro kukura. Izvi rokubereka nhengo havasi zvirimwa vose vanokwanisa kurara kubereka. Somuenzaniso, unicellular algae pasi yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu anokwanisa rokuumba gametes. Ivo vakabuda mumvura uye pairwise dzinobatana. Zvinoguma zygote. It yakafukidzwa gobvu goko, uye mamiriro ichi chirwere nechando uye kuomesa. Kana kamwe zvakare zvakanaka ezvinhu kuitika, zviri zygote rinokamukana kubereka vana Mobile spores.

In yakakwirira spore miti masero utachiona vachikura kupinda specialized nhengo anonzi gametangia. Panguva mossy vari inoiswa pamusoro hunde uye vane chimiro denderedzwa idzodzo. Uye ferns vechirume gametophytes vari yakaumbwa musi iwoyo chirimwa - prothallia. Mazai uye urume dzakura panguva dzakasiyana, saka chirongwa kubatanidzwa nomumwe kunoitika pakati zvirimwa zvakasiyana. All zvirimwa spore vanoda mvura kuti muchangosangana. chinhu ichi ndicho pakuva ichi hurongwa kubatana, izvo "ndiyo nhaka" kuti algae.

The nemamiriro ruva

Rokubereka nhengo mbeu zvinomera, izvo inomiririrwa ruva, ndiye mamiriro kupfuura akakwana. chikuru nhengo dzayo ndidzo nomutswi, iyo dzimba zai stamen chine dzisingaoneki. At zvavo confluence remangwana mudumbu kuumbwa muviri.

Flower achinzi mupfupi vakakuvadza ikure mutated yokutiza. Tisingatauri ari Stamens uye pistil, inoitwa peduncle uye perianth. Chikamu chokutanga iri kuenderera elongate hunde. Zvakasikwa, kakawanda pfupi-chekawo anokunyengedzera ruva kwedzinde. Mienzaniso zvirimwa dzakadaro zviyo, sunflower, plantain, Clover. Zvivako yakadaro inonzi sessile.

The maumbirwo zvinosanganisira mukombe perianth ina muzvizhinji ane carpels uye whisk. Last akaumba petals, izvo dzakachinjwa mashizha. In miti dzakawanda Corolla guru uye rakajeka. Roses, tulips, chrysanthemums, maruva - maruva aya ose refu kuva zvinoshamisa kushongedzwa chero yezororo nokuda kwounhu ichi. Maruva aya zvinokwezva zvipembenene. Wind-mukume zvirimwa vane asazivikanwa beaters uye chimiro wotungira.

Musimboti kaviri muchangosangana

Pfungwa gamete Fusion kunotangira pollination. muitiro uyu tama mukume kubva anther kuti rusarura Stamens. Voitakura kunze tichibatsirwa mhepo, tumbuyu, mvura kana munhu. Panguva fertilization, urume kutora chikamu maviri. Anodonha kushandisa utachiona chubhu iri pistil ovary, mumwe iyo merges pamwe zai, uye mumwe - ane nechepakati utachiona. Naizvozvo, nzira maruva zvinomera uye inonzi kaviri.

The marudzi michero

Somugumisiro kwemapazi gametes vakaumba dzakachinja rokubereka nhengo - muchero. It ine mbeu takapoteredzwa deko. Vanodanwa pericarp. Zvinogona kuva yakaoma uye manune. Mienzaniso boka rokutanga vari maapuro, ibwe muchero, bheri uye nwiwa. Asi bhinzi pod, Kamudzira, achene, caryopsis uye nzungu - kuomeswa zvibereko.

Seed chacho yomuzvarirwo kukosha

Pakazosvika rokubereka nhengo kuti maruva zvinomera zvinosanganisira mbeu. Ichi rakasiyana mamiriro anotanga kuoneka Conifers. Panguva iyi, mbeu zvinomera nenzvimbo hukuru nzvimbo panyika. The ndechokuti kana tichienzanisa mbeu, vane zvakawanda yepamusoro zviri chacho. Zviri chikuru Kuwanikwa kupembedza zvinovaka muviri uye mbeu anoshongwa iyo kudzivirira embryo yakavimbika kubva unyoro uye tembiricha kuchinja, yakasimbiswa pericarp.

Nokudaro, rokubereka nhengo dzose angiosperms ndiyo ruva, somugumisiro iyo zvibereko uye mbeu zviri aumba. zvivako izvi zvinopa inofanira kurara kubereka yemiti uye chidzoke idzva dzakabudirira zviri sechivako zvipenyu.