Russian Regional zvirongwa zvavo Implementation

Sezvo anokosha regulators pamusoro pezvakaitwa yakananga zvoupfumi kuitika munyika, ndivo yeUnited uye emunharaunda zvirongwa. Dzinomirira imwe coherent, nguva-akasungwa, zvinhu uye zvinenge kunzwisisa design, tsvakurudzo, kugadzira, sangano, zveupfumi uye mamwe mabasa anoitwa pamwe nokutsigirwa ehurumende.

Federal uye zvenharaunda zvirongwa

Kwemakumi akawanda emakore, pamwe 20-ies wekupedzisira remakore muSoviet Union zvakanzi kuparadzira drafting zvirongwa zvebhizimisi. Pamwe navo yakagadzirwa uye revatema, kusanganisira emunharaunda zvirongwa. Pari, anopa zvinetso mune zvesayenzi, kwezvinhu, zvoupfumi, socio-tsika uye zvakatipoteredza mabhora. Federal chipfuro zvirongwa zvenharaunda kukura zvainanga pakutevedzera mitemo mumunda evanhu upfumi achitsigirwa nehurumende. Nhasi, vava zvakajairika, uye nhamba yavo iri kuramba kukura. remunharaunda chipfuro Zvirongwa kusiyaniswa raidudzwa emunharaunda maitiro, specificity uye nhengo ruzivo Inopa. basa ravo kuti nokusangana munhu, seboka, ruzhinji kufarira musika upfumi, kuunganidza nokuda Implementation mikuru zvirongwa.

Specificity

Zvirongwa Regional dzinoshandiswa semudziyo pamusoro zvakananga neHurumende pamusika upfumi mukati imwe ndima. Izvi kuzvidzora nzira inomira somumwe anokosha achishandisa simba pamusoro dambudziko nzvimbo: adzikinura, mwoyo. Panguva iyo remunharaunda chipfuro purogiramu Russia uye zvinobudirira rakatangwa muna simukirei nzvimbo. Uye chokwadi, uye mune imwe nyaya, mushonga inopiwa zvose kuitika uye ramangwana matambudziko. Mumwe muenzaniso uri Regional zvirongwa Leningrad nharaunda. Pari zviremera 'nzeve rwakabhadharwa kuna kunatsiridza upenyu, mamiriro St. Petersburg upfumi. Kunyanya kukura zvirongwa kusika zvinhu nokuda kukwezva basa zvinhu muguta.

Musimboti pakuvaka itsva

zvakanangwa kwematunhu uye matunhu neminisiparati zvirongwa vakava nhasi embody zvakaoma pamusoro "vakasununguka musika" uye "kudzika urongwa." The zvirongwa vanopiwa muchinyatsongwarira mirayiridzo upfumi basa. Panguva iyoyo nekurukurirano uye Implementation zvirongwa chipfuro yaitwa pamusoro dzokutengesa hwaro. Nzira yokukwezva vemifananidzo uye nzira allocating zviwanikwa kwakavakirwa nhungamiro yokuzvidira, seboka uye somunhu mumwe nomumwe kufarira. Zvakafanana rinokosha mashoko incentives. Zvirongwa Regional anosanganisira kukanganiswa uye enforceability chawakaronga mabasa vechikamu vese. Vari yakapiwa ezvoupfumi zvibvumirano, pamwe yakatarwa zvoupfumi incentives, pane mitemo rokuita mabasa, sezvo asati.

Kusarudza dambudziko

Kugadzirira emunharaunda zvirongwa, iri Developers kugadzirisa zvinetso methodological. Mukuru mumwe chokuita kusarudzwa dambudziko. In ezvinhu ano mabasa ose miganhu shanduko uye National zvoupfumi nokukurumidza zvakakwana. Panyaya iyi, iyo iripo mari uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri nguva dzose zvishoma. Nzira dzekuziva nadzo kusarudzwa matambudziko vari:

1. Kukosha nyaya nokuti nyika uye miganhu upfumi, nokuda STRUCTURAL kuchinja, vachisimbisa kushanda ari zvoupfumi, kuti kuvandudza upenyu vemo, dzichipa Environmental Management uye kwezvakatipoteredza kuchengeteka, uye zvichingodaro.
2. The chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda uye interdisciplinary hunhu dambudziko, pamberi vatambi kuita uye kudiwa rinoronga basa ravo. Muchidimbu, unogona kutsanangura chokuratidza ichi sezvo kunzwisisa uye aikanganiswa yacho nyaya.
3. Progressiveness uye mavambo nesangano, michina nezvimwe nezviyero, akatarisirwa kuita simba.

mamwe zvinhu

Pakati-vataurwa pamusoro nzira anofanirawo inosanganisira kuoma kana chisingabviri kugadzirisa dambudziko iri zvine nguva kushandiswa mumusika mashandiro uye kudiwa kutsigirwa hurumende. Zvisinei, maererano nenyanzvi, chikamu ichi chiri pamakakatanwa, sezvo matambudziko akaoma uye nokukurumidza kunogona kugadziriswa chirongwa nzira chete uye chikamu nezviremera.

tsanangudzo nezvinangwa

Uyu zvikuru rinokosha basa. Clear chirongwa zvakanangwa runoratidzwa mune kuzviomesera wezwi basa nechimwe uye kushandiswa upi zvekuvaka, uyewo mabasa vechikamu vese. Huru basa angasvikira kugadzirisa chaizvo mabasa. Pakukurukura rakarumbidza nzira hwakajeka-Analytical. Nawo weboka rinoitwa pasi dambudziko chipfuro kubudikidza siyana. Dzavo quantitative ngakuite rinoitwa kushandisa hama zviratidzi zvidikanwi mundima. Zvichakadai, rakavimbika nzira iyi mubvunzo.

In tsika, kukura kwayo rinoshandiswa Kazhinji zvirongwa. Uyezve, hapana mureza tsika zvinogona kutsunga nguva dzose. The socio-zvoupfumi zviratidzi angashandiswa serimwe rinogona kutsiva. Ivo zvisina kunanga kutaura siyana maitiro mamwe mabasa. Somuenzaniso, vanhu remunharaunda chipfuro chirongwa musi ndichengetedze utano chavagari sezvo zviratidzi angashandisa avhareji ya chinoshingaira nyanzvi basa, upenyu uye zvichingodaro.

tinyatsonzwisisa kunyatsoshanda

Kubudirira pave kwaizotevera Implementation purogiramu akaratidza chaizvo mugumisiro zviratidzo. Analysis ukama pakati pavo uye mutengo zvinoratidzwa private uye akagovana ezvoupfumi tsika, kuenzaniswa uye kwakakwana kunyatsoshanda (Vhoriyamu National mari nokuda kwevanhu zvinodyiwa proportionality uye kuunganidza mari uye zvichingodaro.). Private zviratidzi zvaizobatsira padanho zvekuvaka Utilisation: fondo-, capital-, materialootdachu uye zvichingodaro. Tichifunga zvipfuwo uye vatorwa tsika, achichinja chaizvo kumusika mamiriro, zvichienderana norudzi purogiramu kuongorora kubudirira kwayo, sezvinoita mutemo, Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa tsika dzakasiyana. Pakati pavo: ukuru wakananga guru Investments, negoho, payback nguva , uye zvichingodaro. Kana kuongorora, unogona kushandisa bhuku kugadzirwa anokosha zvigadzirwa, kupinda asiri kugadzirwa zvivako uye kugadzirwa vanokwanisa panzvimbo, zviratidzo okukura mune zvesayenzi uye kugadzira uye imupota-resursozamescheniya.

Features zviratidzi

Kukosha kushandisa zviratidzo zvakasiyana ari mapurogiramu iri pachena. Asi panguva imwe chete pakati pavo pakutanga kunofanira kuvapo kuburikidza tsika. Uchibatsirwa wavo, rinofananidza zvirongwa uye zvaitika nokuti nyika yose. Uyezve, unofanira kushandisa makro-zvoupfumi zviratidzo. Vamwe zvirongwa kungada hurongwa yakatarwa tsika. Sezvo musika mamiriro kuwedzera kukamura uchishandisa quantitative tinyatsonzwisisa mubhizimisi unongotaura.

nuance

Zvichakadai, kudiwa makro-zvoupfumi kuongorora kuziva National zvoupfumi kunyatsoshanda. Zvinodiwa kuti National kwokugamuchirwa zvinofanira kutorwa kana kuziva gadziriro yose zviratidzo. Somuenzaniso, unogona havasi nhamba guru turnover muzvinhu adzikinura, sezvo izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kusikwa ane bhizimisi mamiriro kuti aizorega kusangana unhu uye zvinodiwa munzvimbo, uyewo nguva yakareba zvinofarirwa ehurumende.

Specificity matanho

Regional chirongwa kungasanganisira nhevedzano matanho kuvandudza utano upfumi uye munzanga bhora. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, zvinosanganisira waguta zvinodiwa mafuta uye simba zvinhu, mutemo tariffs, kubviswa migumisiro dzinongoitika dzoga uye zvichingodaro. Somunhu danho rinotevera anogona yakarongwa mabasa kudzikamisa zvinhu. Pakati pavo:

1. The vasanyanye mafuta uye simba kwezvokudya.
2. nokukurira kurega kunotanga ari maindasitiri ose specialization.
3. Asunga noushamwari itsva zvoupfumi.
4. Kusika zvinhu zvoupfumi kukura.

In danho rinotevera anogona kuitwa dzisangopfuma yakaoma. In framework ichi, kuedza zviri nezvezvakanaka nyaya STRUCTURAL kugadziridza uye inogona kuenderera mberi. Pakati kiyi matanho zvingasanganisira:

1. Kuwedzera zvifambiso kwezvivako.
2. Complete mhinduro hwesimba matambudziko.
3. Kuwedzera aina zvinogona mundima.

In matanho zvose zvakafanira kuti ave nechokwadi kuti:

1. Kudzivirira vagari water drainage.
2. Asunga vashandi vane unyanzvi. Izvi kunosimbiswa neHurumende kusimudzira basa uye kudzivirirwa munzanga.
3. Conservation uye kushandisa pfungwa kuti zviwanikwa.

mhedziso

The Implementation ose emunharaunda zvirongwa zviri zvikuru inoshanda kukosha nokuda kwevanhu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko pane kudiwa zvishoma nezvishoma chichapedza matambudziko ose nokukurumidza kukura, yepamusoro, zvakakwana kusimbisa kwezvivako, kunatsiridza upenyu vemunyika. Munzvimbo duku inogona chete zvakawanda nematambudziko, akadai mabasa ari zvokurima uye kuvaka zvivako, nzvimbo Resettlement kwenzvimbo muganhu, uye magariro mabasa. Chero chirongwa, imwe yoga chikamu anochengeterwa mari nyaya. Nokuti Implementation mabasa muzvirongwa zvemari uye kure-bhajeti mari. Zvisinei, vakawanda mari inopiwa private makambani.

A seti mabasa zvaisanganisira mupurogiramu anowanzoshandurwa kurapwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, paumbwe imwe chokufambisa kunzwisisa inogona anomirirwa vari muchiitiko kushandisa zviripo kwezvivako zvayo kushingaira kurimwa. Zvichakadai, maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, pane pari zvirongwa vakawandisa. Vakawanda vavo vari pasi dzichigara kuchinja. Muchiitiko ichi vakakanganisa zvinangwa zvavo uye kugutsikana. Panewo nyaya mari yave inokanganisa nedanho Implementation yacho zvirongwa.