Shukhov Tower muMoscow, kero, urefu, Photo

Havasi vose vanoziva kuti chinhu akadai Shukhov Tower, chaizvoizvo rinoreva zvinoshamisa guru ano Russian.

Izvi mukuru-simukai chivakwa zvinogona kuonekwa siyana dzenyika guta, uye pamusoro wayo inopa zvinoshamisa maonero Moscow.

tsananguro mukuru

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Shukhov Tower muMoscow ane mazita akawanda. In yakamanikana, kazhinji basa yeChina uchanzi Shukhov redhiyo shongwe, terevhizheni shongwe Shukhov kana Shabolovskaya terevhizheni shongwe.

Kazhinji, hyperboloid ichi itsva marongerwo vakapakata nokutsigira simbi goko, yakavakwa rimwe basa rinokosha yakataurwa Academician V. G. Shuhovym. Chikuru kuvaka kwemakore maviri, kubva 1920 kusvika 1922 wekupedzisira remakore.

Panguva kushanda kwayo nechivako muridzi neShumiro Communications. Zvino, kubvira 2001, Shukhov Tower ari dzinoshandiswa FSUE "RTRS".

To musi, hazvina kushandiswa chinangwa chahwo uye ndipiyona placement kuti cellular zvinotakura.

How kuenda rainzwika guta?

Shukhov shongwe, mapikicha iyo zvikuru uye kuzozviratidzazve mumagazini nemabhurocha kuna dzinonakidza nzvimbo guru Russian, riri muMoscow, mumugwagwa. Shabolovka.

Wana akarasika ari kuziva vashanyi chete hakushandi, nokuti chinhu chiri nyore kuwana. Kuita izvi vanofanira kuenda "Shabolovskaya" pevhu uye ufambe 300 metres.

Muzviitiko, unogona kukumbira, ndeipi Shukhov Tower, kubva Vanopfuura kana vagari munharaunda, uye vanofara kupedza kwavaienda.

STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Kubva waishandiswa pfungwa nemaonero Shukhov Tower chinosanganisira yoga zvikamu, chimwe nechimwe nyanzvi vakaungana pasi, uye ipapo rinobuda kumusoro winches. Pashure paizvozvo, pane imwe nekukwirira chikamu chacho chokuita ne chaiwo kunyanya simba rivets.

Maererano yepakutanga chakagadzirwa kukwirira Shukhov shongwe aifanira kuva chaizvo chinoshamisa, vanenge 350 m. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu angadai akamanikidza kuti redraw urongwa agamuchirwa. The nyika akasangana aiparadza yokushomeka simbi, saka 160 M - ndiye vaifanira kuwanikwa panguva pakureba.

A Brief History of Shukhov Tower

Muna 1919, apo hondo yakanga yava kuda ngozi Soviet Union, kuitira kugara uye yakavimbika kutaurirana pakati Moscow uye kumucheto Republic uye akawanda anoti Western, V. I. Lenin akasaina chirevo pamusoro kuvakwa nokukurumidza redhiyo shongwe.

Panguva ino, Shukhov akanga ashanda mabasa akawanda zvakafanana. Kwakasarudzwa kuti hwaro ramangwana rwokugadzira chinoshamisa (panguva, Chokwadi) vanofanira kutora ichi kunyanya kugadzira.

Shukhov Tower musi Shabolovka raiva kupfuura nyika yakakurumbira Eiffel. Chokutanga, kwaiva katatu vakareruka kupfuura French akaitwa :. matani 2200 pamusoro matani 7300 Zvisinei, mune zvoupfumi kuondomoka haabvumirwi kuziva hope mazvikokota. In Union apo, sezvo kare akataura, vasina simbi, zvisinei, ataurirana, takarega pamusoro peshongwe kukwirira mamita 150.

Muna October 1919 Shukhov Tower, ane kero chose kuzivikanwa Muscovites uye vakokwa guru wakawanei nheyo dzaro.

Kazhinji, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti basa Shukhov akanga akakwana kuti nyika yasakadzwa nehondo yevagari vemo uye chimurenga. Tower magadzirirwo taifunga kuti zvidukuduku, asi achiri zvikuru vane mwero. Simplicity uye kushanda vari zvokukwekweredzwa akanzwa zvose, uye zvose kumativi haadi chaiyo zvakagadzirwa uye, chaizvoizvo, rivets uye profiles.

Pasinei neizvi, Shukhov Tower muMoscow (mufananidzo nguva idzodzo zvinogona kuonekwa mumamiziyamu veguta) haana kuvakwa nokukurumidza sezvataizoda. Vashandi vakanyunyuta kuti mapuranga uye mapuranga kuuya nguva dzose kunonoka kukuru, uye simbi uye anoita dzibude chaizvo achitsutsumwa.

Author V. G. Shuhov akanga anobatanidzwa pakuvaka, rinosundwa masangano, chikwata vazvo kuti zvokuvakisa, akarayira migove uye dzimwe nguva chaizvoizvo pamwe hondo akatsvaka yakakodzera mari kuti vashandi.

Kuti zvimwe kuderedza mutengo nzvimbo ungano, murongedzeri akauya kuunganidza chikamu kureba mamita 25 uye rairema anosvika 300 makirogiramu pasi, uye ipapo waya uye winch kuti Muisimudze. Akanga aripo panguva ose kuwedzera. Uye zvishoma nezvishoma Shukhov Tower muMoscow akatanga kutora chimiro.

Shukhov, pasinei nezvinetso pachedu hunhu, akazvipira kuvaka. In mukupera chirimo 1919 rufu mwanakomana wake, muna March 1920 - mai. Muna June 1921, vachitevera kuvhunduka zvaitika: panguva wegomo chikamu chechina, wechitatu vakaputsa. Abvarura mumwe netambo, uye chikamu chechina iri shoma, kukanganisa vaviri vokutanga vanoumba mujinga shongwe. Vakatambudzwa, sezvinei, akakwanisa kutiza, asi panguva Shukhov kubva pazuva rakatanga pokubvunzurudzwa, kutongwa uye anotuma. Somugumisiro, akanga paakavapa vanonzi "zvimiso bara", izvo zvinogona kuva chaizvo kana shongwe akanga asingakwanisi kupedza pedyo wava.

Shukhov Tower avanoziva kwatiri, pikicha izvo zvinogona kuonekwa sezvo bhuku rakagadzirirwa mapurani mano, uyewo mabhurocha kufamba vakazvitsaurira kuMoscow, akatanga basa muna 1923.

Vanhu vakuru uchaona kuti yakava "kudanwa kadhi" terevhizheni zvose pamusoro USSR nguva refu. Kutongwa nhepfenyuro chete chinhu yakatanga wakaitwa muna 1937, uye makore maviri gare gare, muna 1939, paitova dzose dzeredhiyo.

Magadzirirwo zvishoma nezvisho- akarasika kukosha kwayo. Yokusarudza muchinangwa ichi airidza kuvhurika muna 1967 zvikuru ano uye simba Ostankino shongwe.

Chii Tower nhasi

Asi Shukhov Tower musi Shabolovka akabatanidzwa zvikuru kukosha muupenyu vokuRussia. Sei? Chokwadi ndechokuti pashure moto panguva Ostankino TV shongwe muna 2000 uye makore nehafu chiri chinhu ichi Tinotsigira nhepfenyuro makwara huru.

Kusvika panguva ezvivako zvenyika vakaona ake akasiyana uye kunoshamisa rounyanzvi engineering.

World mukurumbira uye kukosha inokosha nzvimbo inonzi Shukhov shongwe, mapikicha rinogona kunzi zvakawanda, ari mberi akatsinhira mibayiro kubva kuratidzira siyana. mhando Her zvinobatanidzwa munyaya zvakakurumbira kuratidzira European anenge ose achangopfuura makore.

Somuenzaniso, redhiyo shongwe mufananidzo waishandiswa senzira Logo muParis panguva Center Pompidou, ari kuratidza "Engineering Art". Uye muna 2003 muMunich, panguva chiitiko vanoda "Top magadzirirwo pakuvaka mavakirwo XX remakore", zvikabva vakaisa gilded shongwe Shukhov 6m dzakakwirira. Uyewo, mabhuku akawanda pamusoro munhoroondo mavakirwo muEurope, mamiriro ichi chinorondedzerwa zvizere.

Muna 2006, pagungano masayendisiti nebumbiro yemapuraneti pamwero "Mahwendefa mavakirwo XX remakore", iyo akapindwa nyanzvi 170 vakabva kunyika 30, Shukhov Tower yakanga vakaziva Russian mapurani Paaidzidzisa uye mumwe World Heritage Site.

Maererano nemashoko nzvimbo kuchengetedza zvinhu "vanoshingaira mugari" Shukhov Tower iri pari kudzivirirwa neHurumende, pachii kuwanikwa muzvinyorwa UNESCO World Heritage Site, asi kuwana iri kuvharwa.

Basa vakatakura ari XXI remakore

British mapurani N. Foster muna March 2010, akanyora tsamba ine kurayira kuti chose vakiridza pashongwe wacho chepakutanga, dzichishandisa chokwadi kuti matongo uye kuparadzwa.

Kusvika panguva ezvivako akagadzirira nzira dzakawanda kuti kuzoita chinhu. Mumwe wavo anopa vakamupoteredza kusika (mu mufananidzo Eiffel Tower), mumwe kutandara nzvimbo. Pane zvinofanirwa nzvimbo yokutengeserana, mumwe miziyamu uye netsika kunzwisisa.

Muna 2011, Putin akarayira panguva 2011-2013 kuti govera kubva bhajeti iri Federation mamiriyoni 135 rubles. yokugadzira uye vavakezve chinhu.

Muna June 2012, neshongwe yakanga ndiongororwe ane unmanned neherikoputa. Nazvo akasika munhu-dimensional matatu muenzaniso Moscow zvinotyisa zvemapuranga aine kusarurama kuti kwakaitika kubvira.

Mugore iroro, makwikwi kodzero chibvumirano, zvainanga pave nokushanda uye magadzirirwo mapepa kuti vavakezve shongwe akakunda kambani "Quality uye rakavimbika" ndiro zvinopfuura gumi uye rubles mamiriyoni nehafu wakasika pasi rose pedutu chirongwa.

Fund Manager "Shukhov Tower" uye muzukuruchibvi ari kupenya injiniya akati chirongwa ndewe mamiriyoni 2 euros inobhadharwa nemasangano vatorwa kuti kubata mapurani, engineering wefizikisi.

kudiwa kudzorerwa

Nokuti zvose nguva kushanda okugadzira kuvakwa kumbobvira capitally pakugadzira kwete. Kare muna 1992, zvakanga akataura kudiwa kwokukurumidzira igadziridzwe. Fund "Shukhov Tower" akanga pfungwa nzira dzakawanda kuti mhararano inonzi ichi nemamwe mamiriro.

The inokosha Pfungwa ndechokuti namahwindo vematunhu, yakabatana shongwe, kuti kushanyirwa kuvaka mumapaki, madziva, mamiziyamu uye konzati horo.

Zvinonzi zvakare ndaizvipira uchatamisa magadzirirwo rimwe zvinotevera:

• Gorky Park ;
• Enea;
• District Kaluga revarwi vairinda.

Against kuchinjwa zvakawanda, kusanganisira rinokosha reDare vamiririri zvekuvaka "kushingaira mugari". "Shukhov Tower zvinofanira riri munhau panzvimbo yayo, zvikasadaro nayo achaparadza nyika ingori Paaidzidzisa," - vachiti.

Anoronga uchatamisa: mibvunzo "nokuda" uye "pamusoro"

Muna 2014, Bazi Communications uye Misa Media yakashuma kuti neshongwe inodedera kubva pre-kwechimbichimbi ezvinhu ari kuparadza Serial.

Vamiririri hurumende kunge ndaizvipira nekukatanura yose chinhu uye kudzorera imwe nzvimbo.

Asi pamusoro kuchinjwa uye kuongorora purani nhaka nyika akaita pakarepo 38 kutungamirira nyanzvi dzakawanda uye ezvivako, uyewo vagari munharaunda Shabolovka.

Under paruzhinji kumanikidzwa, hurumende yakasarudza kwete gujunura kushongwe uye akabvuma Bazi Communications pa mubairo wavo kutora nechimbichimbi mhinduro matanho kuti vadzivirire chinhu.

Chii Foundation "Shukhov Tower '?

Musoro iwoyo mari anoshanda muzukuruchibvi yakakurumbira injiniya - Vladimir Fedorovich Shukhov. Iye Parizvino misoro vavakezve nharaunda pedyo shongwe. Maererano European ruzivo mhararano inonzi nemamwe mapurani hurongwa inofanira akasikwa ari nzvimbo nharaunda runoenzanirana kwezvivako uye nechokwadi zvakakodzera kudya kuona chinhu. Saka, zvinokwanisika kukwezva inokosha inivhesitimendi.

Fund "Shukhov Tower" inomirira pakusikwa zvivako mujinga yepakutanga muzinda nesayenzi, unyanzvi uye tsika nemagariro, izvo zvinosanganisira kuva miziyamu V. G. Shuhova, basa centre, uye iine paruzhinji zvivako.

The sangano panguva dzakawanda pamwero ari kutsvaga zvose masangano nemakambani, uye vaitungamirira mainjiniya, ezvivako uye nyanzvi.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro peshongwe

Shuhovskaya - zviri chaizvoizvo rakasiyana hyperboloid mamiriro chinoitirwa wezvamatongerwe nokutsigira chesimbi pajira riya viomak. Panguva ino, neshongwe kunozivikanwa nenyanzvi munyika chimwe chezvinhu chinopenya nokubudirira engineering.

It ane rakasiyana metallosetchatuyu kwezvokufuka magadzirirwo kuti anoita kuti usingashandi kwechirwere mhepo, anomiririra dzinokosha hurongwa kuti kumusoro ngozi. The simbi kuvaka kunonyanya nyore uye mukurumari.

The tapered kumativi shongwe pekugara 25 rinoumbwa mutinhimira zvikamu zvitanhatu, Musana iyo anoiswa pamusoro chaiwo kongiri nheyo kudzama mamita matatu. Shongwe vari yakasungwa rivets. Neshongwe yakavakwa pasina Cranes, vaida chete chikwata ne kushanda pamusoro.

Hondo isati yatanga, pakuvaka akatora rokuongorora chinoshamisa: tsamba nendege panguva ndege akabata waya vanotsigira shongwe. The motokari iri zvinenge muputswe-putswe, uye neshongwe zvishoma hwusingazununguswi, asi, sezvinei, akaramba akamira.

Zvinofadza chaizvo kuti munguva mhenyu yenhepfenyuro dzokutanga chaizvo, apo presenters vaisabvumirwa kuti kunyange zvishoma chikanganiso, vaikwira kupira "mhanza": pfungwa anobudirira mhepo yokunzvenga akapoteredza shongwe uye nokubata pamukova pasi joists.

Wongororo

The Tower hadzina mumwe zviratidzo Moscow. Vashanyi vaiva nomukana kuona ichi yakakurumbira, chechitatu pakukura muMoscow shongwe, aiona chivako chakanga chakanaka zvikuru, yepakutanga uye akanaka kwazvo chinhu, munhu chaiye pfuma Russia.

Vanoti murima, uye zvakajeka ekunze nayo, chirefu pamusoro guta racho kongiri musango, zvinoita kwazvo.

Vanhu vanotarisira kuti shongwe richava muMoscow, uye uchava pakupedzisira ichadzorerwa.

Vanopikisa tiine chinhu

Zvinosuruvarisa varipo. Vatsigiri kuparadzwa chinhu chandagwinyira kuti vari iripo mamiriro, neshongwe kukuvadzisa pakuonekwa nharaunda.

Mhedziso rimwe: Shukhov hazvo vanofanira kudzorera, uye kuita kudaro tinofanira nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.