Stalin skyscraper muMoscow. 7 paitonga Stalin nhurikidzwa dzakawanda muMoscow (mufananidzo)

Masere nemakumi gore Moscow akauya yakaoma post-hondo kumwedzi. Nyika yakanga ichangotanga wokugadzirisa nechisimba Nazi. Zvisinei, zviri kuvakwa nhurikidzwa dzakawanda Stalin muna Moscow kwakatangwa nhasi.

nheyo

USSR Council of Vashumiri muna 1947 chisarudzo pamusoro kuvakwa sere mukuru-kuwedzera zvivako muMoscow. Chokwadi, kusarudza uyu dzakabudiswa nokufarirwa uye kunyange, zvichida, nokutanga pamusoro Stalin.

Nheyo kwakaitika panguva iyoyowo, pazuva iroro, pazuva kupemberera zuva rokuberekwa guru - musi 7 September. An awa kwokutanga munzvimbo Soviet yakavakwa shongwe Yuriyu Dolgorukomu, muvambi Moscow. Hapana mubvunzo kuti zviitiko izvi zvakanga zvakagadzirirwa kuratidza chokwadi kuti, sezvo kamwe Yury Dolgoruky nheyo guru Russian kubva pazuva kwake 800th rokuzvarwa, anoropafadza hwake hutsva makuru, ungati, epochal nguva munhau yacho .

Stalin skyscraper muMoscow akanga akaronga kuti ave muenzaniso simba rakakura nyika uye yose vanhu veSoviet. Panzira, vakanga vavaka, uye mune dzimwe pamaguta Soviet Union uye mugovanisi nyika.

The chikuru Pfungwa

Maererano nedzimwe nemishumo, chepakutanga pfungwa kuvakwa kwezvivako vakareba muMoscow akatonyanya chinzvimbo. Sere mukuru-usimuke zvivakwa vaifanira kuva vakakodzera dzakapoteredza kunyange zvivako zvaitoshamisa - paMuzinda vokuSoviet, korona nokuda akakura mufananidzo mutungamiriri proletariat - VI Lenin. Zvisinei, basa kwaifanira kupera.

Kunyange zvazvo nheyo dzateyiwa. Uyezve, yakanga kwakaparadza mutemberi Kristu Muponesi, panzvimbo payo vakatanga kuvaka Muzinda vokuSoviet.

Akashanda racho chikwata ezvivako vanotungamirirwa BM Iofana.

About akakura projected chivakwa inoti kanenge chokuti chete dzomunyika Vhoriyamu yamambo kuti anobvumawo matatu ari remazera Cheops. Figure Lenin vanofanira kusvika 100 metres. A zvachose kureba Muzinda neSoviet pamwe monument yakaronga muna 420 mamita. Panguva iyoyo, dzakanga zvivako havana kurarama munyika.

Construction rakatanga muna 1937. Isati hondo yakanga kunyange kuvaka vakaisvoipa zvivako simbi akareba gumi-storey imba. Zvisinei, hondo kwete chete akadimburira kuvaka, asi dzakamanikidzwa nekukatanura simbi uye uzvitumire kuna kuvakwa kupfuura zvakafanira nokuda kwokudzivirira guru zvinhu: mabhiriji uye nekupatsanurwa rusvingo.

Kupedzisa akakura chinhu uye vakakundikana. Nheyo ake kare raishanda dziva, uye kuma1990 panzvimbo yetemberi Kristu Muponesi rakavakwazve.

Asi Stalin skyscraper muMoscow asi rakanga amisa.

The soro skyscraper

On Sparrow Hills yakanga yakavakwa chirefu kupfuura skyscraper Stalin - huru kuvaka Moscow State University. It rakavakwa makore mana - kubvira 1949 kusvika 1953rd. Project Team Architects: SE Chernyshev, L. Rudnev, PV Abrosimov, V. Nasonov uye AF Musk.

Pane uchapupu hwokuti chivako puranga kuvaka akatora matani 40 hwendarira uye rusvingo -. Mamiriyoni 175 zvidhina. Star Weight yakaiswa pamusoro spire yacho-soro simuka, ari matani anenge 12.

Kukwirira huru muviri rinosvika MSU 236 metres, imba ane 36 uriri. Nokuti iye, 68 elevators uye mukuru-nokukurumidza nematanga zvakaitwa.

On kuvakwa mukuru-vosimba kushanda vasungwa vakawanda akapikira mangwanani kusunungurwa, kana chivako ichavakwa. Kugara pedyo chinhu vavaki dzakatangwa ugari Solntsevo. Zvino wava mumwe nzvimbo guru.

Nokufamba kwenguva post-Soviet, vanomirira nyaya sezvo howa, vashoma paitonga Stalin nhurikidzwa dzakawanda muMoscow: ari usingaonekwi mavari akavamba pamusoro chokwadi. Somuenzaniso, kutaura pamusoro chakavanzika corridors, yakakodzera ose yokutandarira uye zvivako kuti eavesdrop pamusoro kukurukura nevanhu. Uye pamusoro MSU ngano kuti ruchapinda muvhu panguva mwero chete, kuti shongwe dzakawanda kupfuura pasi. In yepasi ake pekugara kuronga kuti vanoisa chombo kudzivirira muzinda guru.

"Imba aviators"

Stalin skyscraper muMoscow dzakavakwa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana guru. Somuenzaniso, mukuru-simuka chivako chokugara akasimuka nokuda Square chimurenga. Kamwe panzvimbo yake yaiva musha Kudrin. Zvino sikweya adzoka zita rayo kare - Kudrinskaya.

Kuvaka nhurikidzwa dzakawanda dzakatanga muna 1948 uye dzakaguma muna 1954. kukwirira kwayo kuri 156 metres. Mumba 24 pasi ipapo (chinokosha), kurutivi Extensions raiva 18 uriri. Imba rakagadzirirwa 450 nemafurati.

Chivako ndiye akasika akitekiti A. Mndoyants uye MV Posokhin.

For WWII kumwedzi, imba iyi yakanga zvechokwadi kwazvo: masitepisi machena, mukuru-kumhanya elevators, yakakura lobbies, makamuri vaine ceilings ... Apartments ari-soro vosimba akaenda vashandi vari avhiyesheni indasitiri - kureva, bvunzo vezvikepe, muchadenga kunoongorora, ndege mugadziri, saka akanzi "Imba aviator ". Zvisinei, taigara pano uye vebato vashandi, uye vatambi.

The imba ane chitoro, yemitambo, pevhu kupaka uye zvakawanda.

Ceiling pasina nyeredzi

Bazi Foreign Affairs chivakwa yakavakwa pamusoro chirongwa ezvivako M. Minkus uye VG Gelfreich. It akazarura paitonga Stalin nhurikidzwa dzakawanda nomwe muMoscow, sezvo zvakanga kutanga amisa. Building mvura yaro yakaita rusvingo kuti 172 metres musi Smolenskaia Hay-nzvimbo yaiva 27 uriri, vakapakata anosimudza 28, vakawanda vakanga mukuru-nokukurumidza.

Muurongwa yepakutanga chivakwa wokutanga aiva spire. Zvisinei, chimiro ichi, haina kufanana Stalin. Uye, sezvo nyaya anoenda, akanga akarayirwa kuti tikurumidze kupedza pakuivaka. Izvi kwaiva zvimwe zvinetso, zvikurukuru nemhaka okuwedzera mutoro. Naizvozvo spire akagadzawo zvakawanda decoration, jira simbi. Sezvingatarisirwa, kana iyo nyeredzi kutaura vasingagoni kuenda (hawaizovazve vamire spire). Saka, uri kuvakwa panguva nekukwirira 114 metres vakavaka nguvo maoko USSR.

Panzira, nhasi Stalin skyscraper hakusi chete kuBazi Affairs Foreign, asi Bazi Foreign Economic Relations uye Trade of Russian Federation.

nokukwirira chechipiri - "Ukraine"

Kuvakwa chivako chakatanga muna 1953, rakapera muna 1957, watova pasi Khrushchev. Zvisinei, uye pakutanga agamuchirwa muhotera. Heano chete zita nokuti, Khrushchev akasarudza mumwe. Pashure pezvose, Ukraine - ake nzvimbo yechizvarirwo.

Chivako rakavakwa pamusoro chirongwa ezvivako AG Mordvinova uye VK Oltarzhevskaya musi Kutuzovsky Prospekt. Urefu pasina spire rinosvika 198 metres, kubva spire anowedzera mumwe 8 mamita. In mukuru-simukai chivakwa - 34 uriri.

Tour paitonga Stalin nhurikidzwa dzakawanda muMoscow, Chokwadi, hauzopfuuri divi uye "Ukraine". Kunyange zvazvo, kana chete nokuti riri rimwe diorama, kana kuti marongerwo of Moscow muna 1977. Rakaitwa kuti National Exhibition muna America, uye anorayira Ushumiri hwake Affairs Foreign. Akaita diorama ane zvaishamisira chaizvo uye enhoroondo muzinda Moscow ndiye anenge kwazvo.

Hotel kubvira 2005 kusvika 2010, kwave kuchiita chikuru overhaul, zvakaita varidzi itsva. Pashure paizvozvo, hotera ainzi «RadissonRoyalHotel».

rokusika intelligentsia House

Kuvaka imba akatanga pamberi hondo (1938-1940 gg.), Uye dzakaguma muna 1952. Architects - AK Rostkowska uye DN Chechulin.

Chivako chaiva 32 Mapuriro uye kukwirira kwayo kunosvika 176 metres. Yakanga yakashongedzwa turrets uye sculptural mapoka. Zvinowanikwa panzvimbo yakanaka kwazvo - panguva confluence of Moskva River uye Yauza.

Kwete nhau kuti Stalin skyscraper muMoscow, pamwe yakavakwa vasungwa. About MSU chivakwa kare achitaura. House pamusoro building Tinkers uyewo akavaka "angaratidza".

Zvichida pfungwa hurumende kamwe chivako aifanira kuva mumwe chinangwa. Pachiitiko ichi, zvakare, enda ngano siyana. Zvisinei, pashure pakuvaka imba akapa vakadzidza. Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana, maigara Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Galina Ulanova, Andrei Voznesensky, Faina Ranevskaya, Lyudmila Zykina, Nona Mordjukova nezvimwe vakakurumbira zhinji. Saka kuti imba yakanga vapfumi.

Uriri dzakagara imwe posvo, rimwe bhekari, mumwe cinema.

Panguva chaizvo kureba Garden Ring

Nekuti paitonga Stalin skyscraper yakavakwa pamusoro yakakwirira Garden Ring, ndiko, pasinei pakukura diki zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe dzimba, inoratidza zvinoorora chaizvo uye nemaziso muduku mumwe.

Chivako rakavakwa pamusoro chirongwa ezvivako BS Mezentsev uye AN Dushkin. Yaiva yaiona uye chivako chokugara 138-mita kukwirira. tende rake korona longline mhando.

Kuvaka mukuru-ribude pane nzvimbo paSuo Red akanga hwakazara mamwe matambudziko. Kunewo akavaka zvakadzamisisa Metro yemapurisa, uye rimwe bapiro meimba rakanga rakavakwa pamusoro yemapurisa. Not nyore kuti kune ezvivako. Asi vakaita zvinhu zvose sezvinodiwa, uchishandisa tsanzira pfungwa: nechando chemvura ine kupikidura uye kuvaka chivako pa necheparutivi (kana defrosted gomba, rakaparadza chivako).

Administrative chivako nguva Soviet, akatora Bazi Transport Engineering. "Transstroi" Zvino kune mahofisi dzesangano. Kuvaka dzinogarwa, yaiva pamusoro nzvimbo paitonga Stalin skyscraper, Mikhail Lermontov akaberekwa.

Chinonyanya "Petite" - hotera "Leningrad"

Interesting ngano dzose vakakodzerwa paitonga Stalin nhurikidzwa dzakawanda muMoscow. Photos anogona shongedza navo chero album.

Hotel "Leningrad" urefu (136 metres) shure vamwe mukuru-simuka, asi zviri nani kupfuura zvose dzimwe okugadziridza yomukati. Chine chinobatanidza yekare mapurani uye temberi mapurani. Interior zvisingawanzoitiki dzinoita amabwe akashandiswa, huru sekiristaro chandeliers, chivezwa kuratidza Georgiya Pobedonostsa, akaita magonhi simbi, chivezwa ... The ezvivako meimba - LM Matanda uye AB Boretsky.

The hotera yava kunzi «HiltonMoscowLeningradskaya», sangano chaidzo Tours.

The hotera iri pedyo Komsomolskaya Square, kunonziwo "Vatatu Stations Square" (Kazan, Yaroslavl uye Leningrad).

Kero paitonga Stalin nhurikidzwa dzakawanda muMoscow haana kuziva kuti chokwadi. Guidelines ndiwo: Vorobyovy Hemat, Kudrinskaya Square, Tinkers embankment, Kutuzov Avenue, nzvimbo paSuo Red, uye Arbat Street Kalanchevskaya.

Aiva skyscraper wechisere?

In wazvakaitika zuva 8 zvivako Moscow yakanga yaitwa. Chivako administrative, izvo akaronga kuti kuvakwa aitarisira (mapurani Dmitry Chechurin), vasina nguva yokuvaka. By 1953 akanga agadzirira chete stylobate.

Pashure Stalin afa, kuvaka nzvimbo yakanga mothballed. Gare gare, muna 60s, panzvimbo yayo yakavakwa hotera "Russia", iyo zvino yakanga kuparadzwa.

Saka sei nhurikidzwa dzakawanda Stalin muna Moscow? Seven. Uye mumwe nomumwe wavo akafanirwa vainyatsotarisirwa. Ndicho nyaya guru.