Vachiwaridza mosses: vamiririri, kunyanya marongerwo sangano

Vachiwaridza mosses, vamiririri, mapikicha uye zvaidiwa maumbirwo chichakurukurwa munyaya ino, anoreva yepamusorosoro spore miti. Izvi zvinenge vekare kuita basa rinokosha iri pabutiro redu.

Vachiwaridza mosses: humwe hurongwa rondedzero boka

zvirimwa ava yepamusorosoro. Ndivo vakatamira vokutanga panyika, saizvozvo nzira kukura ezvinhu matsva aya vane zviratidzo itsva yakaonekwa. Chokutanga, zviri vachiwaridza marongerwo uye pamberi zvemaziso uye conductive munyama. Kwakadaro zvinhu zvinobatsira kuti rikurumidze nzira photosynthesis. Vachiwaridza mosses, ane mamiriro ari dzinokwanisa kuoma sezvo tichienzanisa kuti algae vane rhizoids pachinzvimbo pamidzi. unhu iri "nhaka" kubva ezasi zvinomera.

Kusiyana bryophytes

The peculiarities of zvemuchadenga chikamu mosses mamiriro anogona mapoka mapoka maviri: sloevischnye uye vachiwaridza. A chaiwo mumiririri rokutanga izvi ndiwo Marchantia polymorpha. chirimwa ichi mapazi thallus dichotomous rima mitema ruvara pamwe vana tswanda. Vachiwaridza mosses aya anonyanya zvakasikwa. Muenzaniso wavo Kukushkin furakisi, rinonziwo politrila zvavo. All sphagnum (chena) mosses kunge mapazi kupukunyutsa.

Chii upenyu kutenderera

Vachiwaridza mosses - Perennial plants. Nokufamba hwavo pane alternation pachena kumarudzi. Ndiyo musimboti wavo upenyu kutenderera. Both kumarudzi havasi chete zvechadenga zvokunze mamiriro, asiwo nzira kubereka. Izvi maitiro kuchiitwa upenyu nhengo dzose rokumusoro spore miti. Uye panguva ferns, horsetails uye chikwindi muupenyu kutenderera dzaitongwa sporophyte, uye mossy - pabonde chizvarwa.

gametophyte

Vachiwaridza mosses, vamiririri izvo kuratidzwa photo, taishandisa kuona sezvo kuramba munyoro makapeti. Ndicho dzepabonde chizvarwa miti. Kana tikatarisa nayo kunyatsotevera, unogona kuona kuti rine hunde duku sessile duku kunosiya Linear mhando. Kufanana mosses zvose, ivo vachabatana kune substrate rhizoids. Nhungirwa Moss kuumbwa gametangia umo masero utachiona vari aumba. In pamberi mvura batanidza, achiumba asexual chizvarwa chikwindi - sporophyte.

sporophyte

Asexual chizvarwa zvakasvibirira chikwindi richikura pamusoro gametophyte. It ane chitarisiko yakaisvonaka gumbo, apo pane bhokisi iri. Inside inokudziridza spores - masero asexual kubereka. Kana bhokisi kuzarurwa, vanogumburwa muvhu, imere uye apiwa dzinoumba gametophyte, iyo kwakapararira muupenyu kunoita kuti mossy zvinomera. Uyezve pabonde chizvarwa zvinowanisa zygote, iyo yakakamurwa meiosis uye chimiro spores. Uye nokudaro, upenyu kutenderera rinoitwa zvakare. Sporophyte hatikwanisi vakazvimirira kudyisa, sezvo havaiti dzine chlorophyll mumasero avo. Ndokusaka wanamatira vachiwaridza gametophyte, ishandiswe uko dzinofambiswa. zvizvarwa izvi akasiyana chromosome yakatarwa. In diploid sporophyte nayo. Asi parudzi pabonde ane chete yakatarwa, sezvo utachiona masero panguva paumbwe zygote dzinobatana.

Vachiwaridza mosses: dzinogarisana

Mosses nguva dzose kurarama nyorova nzvimbo. Izvi haisi tsaona. Chokwadi kuti nedanho gamete Fusion zvinomera izvi zvinoitika chete tichibatsirwa mvura. Mvura mumasango, makomo, nomumapako, anezvimiti, muti hunde dzacho, matenga edzimba, nyorova mudzimba uye sandara, nerima masvingo edzimba ... Mosses kugona zvose nzvimbo idzi. zvirimwa aya zvakakwana Sechipanji uye vanochengeta mvura. Naizvozvo, pakuonekwa ravo chairo rawakajaira zvinoratidza ndima waterlogging. Kupararira Moss kurwadza kwazvo sei kutapudzwa uwandu unyoro. In kwayo Kusavapo vanogona kuoma apo kuramba chinhanho. Kana mwando romuzvarirwo, ivo Sechipanji payo kwokutizira zvose, uye zvakare ndokudzokera kwomuzvarirwo. Nokuda kugona ichi vachiwaridza mosses zvimwe nezviripo kuti kuchinja mamiriro dzezvakatipoteredza. Dzavo kwakapararira zvinobatsira kuti chokwadi kuti havadyi mhuka, regai kukuvadza utachiona uye hunokuvadza. Izvi zvinodaro nokuti nemvura ivo Sechipanji chepfu uye radioactive zvinhu.

zvichireva mosses

Listostebelnye mosses chikuru sphagnum, basa guru iri paumbwe waterlogging uye peat, iyo inokosha mafuta zvicherwa, fetiraiza mbishi mashoko doro kugadzirwa, mapurasitiki, acetic acid, naphthalene, uyewo insulating zvinhu. Pfungwa paumbwe pafuma imwe nguva zvakakwana refu 1 masendimita kuti peat vakaumba sezvinobvumirwa makore 10. Rokutora mwando, vachiwaridza mosses ndiwo regulators mvura pakuenzanisa ivhu, kuidzivirira kubva rikukurwe. Zvisinei, panguva imwe cheteyo kuparadzirwa uye yokuwedzera mosses Zvinoipisisa ayo gasi exchange. Somugumisiro, zvinomera havawani okisijeni, vanofa, avo kuora kwacho kunotanga.

Saka, vachiwaridza mosses - kupfuura vakawanda vamiririri wedhipatimendi, izvo vakawanda dzakashandisa kuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu. Vanokwanisa yokufungisisa mwando kupukunyuka mhiri pamusoro, vachirichengeta kwenguva refu. Muupenyu kunoita miti idzi dzaitongwa gametophyte. Inokudziridza asexual chizvarwa, izvo reproduces achishandisa spores.