Yemasitadha mbeu: tsananguro maindasitiri mamakisi, kushandiswa mune zvokurima, kurimwa

Yemasitadha - tsika muriwo chokuita makabheji mhuri. Kune akawanda gumi nevaviri marudzi zvinomera, asi sezvo zvinonhuwira vakashandisa matatu chete mhando - chena, dema uye mashava.

Kwetsanga chena (White netsanga, Lat. Sinapsis alba) chinowanzoitwa North America uye Europe. Annual chirimwa, pasi (60 cm). Yemasitadha mbeu mukirasi iyi rakajeka chaizvo, aine kubatwa uchi, mwero unopinza. Brown yemasitadha (kana sareptskaya, Lat. Brassica juncea, Eng. Brown netsanga) kukurumbira mberi uye chena, uye dema. Zvine mwero kwazvo. Yemasitadha mbeu - 2 mm mu dhayamita, vakakomba, shava kana shava. The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo hwomuti ichaongororwa eHimalaya, kunyange vazvinorimirwa kunyanya India. Russia "akasangana" pamwe mashava yemasitadha ari XVIII remakore. nemhaka vokuGermany, akakokwa Catherine II pamusoro pokumuka kumaodzanyemba kweRussia. Pakati vakatanga kugara aiva mumishinari chiremba uye mushanduri Konrad Neytts. Ndizvo ake "chiedza ruoko" akamuka yemasitadha pamusoro youmambo patafura.

zvino Brown yemasitadha akatengeswa kuva upfu uye ari kugara tafura anenge ose ndibhadhare mari muchitoro. Black yemasitadha (Black netsanga, Lat. Brassica nigra), uyewo nezvavo savakuru French, rine nani refu, kusvikira imwe meter, gunde. Mabhokisi mbeu amuudza pakarepo pashure ichiibvira, izvo zvakaoma kuchenesa. Yakura kunyanya South Asia. Yemasitadha mbeu vatema kwazvo chakasimba, asi ndiyewo anonhuwira pakati anorimwa mhando. Chirimwa iri chavanokoshesa kubva kare mushonga uye sezvo yokubikira. The nedzimwe nzvimbo yakafanira yemasitadha zvinhu zviri mukati, kusanganisira zvicherwa (calcium, mhangura, manganese, selenium, simbi, zingi), phytohormones, mavhitaminzi uye antioxidants. Yemasitadha mbeu - idura chairo simba uye Mishonga faibha, izvo zvinokosha chaizvo kuti vaya vanotambura zvakanyanya remafuta akawandisa, riri mutsimba niacin (vhitamini B3). Fruits ane flavonoids (antioxidants), lutein, zeaxanthin, carotene uye mavhitaminzi akawanda kurwa vakasununguka radicals (K, E, C, A) uye sterols (sitosterol, campesterol, avenasterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol) mirozin, sinigrin, asidhi (eicosenoic, erucic, palmitic, oleic).

Kudiwa mbeu yemasitadha iri kuwedzera ose gore. Chirimwa rapera somunhu kunobatsira kutengeswa uye nokuda rinodyiwa.

Kudyara mbeu wetsanga anobatsira kudzorera utano ivhu, kuvandudza wokubereka, kuparadza utachiona zvirwere zvakadai mukupera nenyunje, Fusarium, panofunuka, uye zvichingodaro. Havadi kuita netsanga wireworms, hozhwe, Chidembo cricket, pizi nezvipfunho. Kudyara girini mupfudze pasina kupamhidzira anobvisa mberi kubva muzvizhinji kuti fetiraiza, izvo kunobatsira varimi vose kwakajairika, uye kuti upfumi yakasimba uye varimi, nokuti dzinongoitika kuzoita ivhu yokutsiva mishonga vakasikwa pachishandiswa makemikari, hazvibviri. Kudyara mbeu wetsanga paanodzorera rwokuzvarwa pakuenzanisa ivhu kubudikidza zvinonyatsokosha. The chirimwa rinokura nokukurumidza uye anogona kukurumidza kuvaka vakawanda kunyange kuchitonhora mwaka.

Yemasitadha abudirire kana pamwe bhinzi (alternates kuburikidza mutsara). Izvi mupfudze mutema, kuparara yokuronga patsva yakaisvonaka, zvikasabudiswa ivhu uye inowedzera vozduhoemkost. The midzi yacho chirimwa anokwanisa munhumbi zvakadzama mamita anosvika matatu. Zvinokwanisika kucherechedza unhu wetsanga chirimwa, kudzivirira ivhu kubva kwevhu mumatsutso uye muchirimo nguva (uye kana kuruboshwe risina kugerwa, kunyange yechando). Iye anobata chando zvikuru, kuita kuti ikwanise kuwanika unyoro uye kuderedza ivhu oma. Munguva steppes, apo mhepo simba uye kakawanda, chinodyarwa muti pakati chando (pemitsara).

Sezvo zvokudya chirimwa netsanga rinoshandiswa muchimiro zvakasvibirira guru. Ukoshi pedyo kwayo chikafu.

Kudyara mbeu yemasitadha iri zvakanakisisa pamusoro nevhu kubatwa kare nourume (chirimwa "adzokorore" fetiraiza, zvichiita nyore digestible kuti nekutambira zvirimwa), pevhu-podzolic uye jecha. Mbeu imere kunyange pana 1 dhigirii Celsius, ari mabukira zvaive kuoma nechando -5 inegumi.

Yemasitadha mbeu (mutengo kunobva siyana Paavhareji - anenge 30 rubles por kilogram) nani kutenga mu dzakagadzirirwa muzvitoro.